Do We Practice What We Preach? Frances T. Gill-Appiott, MSN, RN, CPNP AC/PC Emily E. K. Murphy, MD Nemours: Alfred I. dupont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE List five distracted driving behaviors. Objectives Discuss the risks related to hands-free vs handheld cell phone use while driving. Discuss the self perception of distracted driving behaviors as opposed to behaviors of other drivers. DISCLOSURE INFORMATION The Speakers have no disclosures 1
What is the problem? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7ukrzsmdqi Types of Distraction Visual Manual Cognitive TEXTING COMBINES ALL 3! CDC Distracted Driving 2014 Distracting Behaviors Texting Cell phone use Eating/drinking Talking to passengers Grooming Reading GPS use Watching videos Adjusting radio, CD or MP3 players 2
Scope of the Problem 2012: MVC with Distracted Driver: 3,328 killed 421,000 injured 1 in 5 crashes (17%) with injuries involved a distracted driver Over 171 billion text messages sent in USA. CDC Distracted Driving 2014 The Problem 27% of fatal crashes in drivers in their 20 s were caused by distracted driving. (NHTSA) 660,000 drivers are using cell phones. (NOPUS) Visual-manual subtasks (dialing, texting, reaching) with a hand held or other portable device increases risk of crash x 3. (VTTI) Did you know. Taking your eyes off the road for 5 seconds while texting = traveling the length of a football field while blind folded! (VTTI) 3
Is there a difference? Use of handheld vs head set cell phones pose an equal threat for MVC! (VTTI) The Hands Free Myth Over 30 studies have shown hands-free systems provide no safety benefit. Hands-free features in dashboards actually increase mental distraction. Using voice-to-text is more distracting than typing while driving. Drivers who text with their hands or voice keep their eyes on the road LESS often and have reaction time twice as slow. Texas A&M Transportation Institute 2015 AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2015 National Safety Council 2015 Hot off the press! Of 2000 accidents studied, distracted driving was responsible for over 60% of them! This is 4 times more than originally thought! Most common distraction: talking to others in the vehicle. Texting Cell Usage AAA 2015 4
The facts ¼ of teens text one or more EVERYTIME they drive. 20% of teens AND 10% of parents admit to EXTENDED multi-text conversations while driving. (UMTRI) US drivers 18 64 years of age: More. 69% admit to talking on the cell phone while driving. 31% admit to reading or sending text messages or emails while driving. CDC Distracted Driving 2014 Under 20 years of age: Risk Factors Highest proportion of distracted driving incidences. Effects of aging: 2 nd highest rates of fatal MVCs Gradual changes: Perception Cognition Physical flexibility 5
Do as I say Not as I do 3 in 5 drivers (61.3%) say aggressive drivers are a somewhat or much bigger problem today compared to 3 years ago. Nearly 9 in 10 (85%) say this about distracted drivers. Half (approx.45%)say this about drunk driving and drivers using drugs. More than 5 in 6 drivers support legislation. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2014 Do as I say Not as I do Texting/emailing: 78.6% of drivers say it is a very serious threat. 84.4% say it is completely unacceptable. More than 36.1% admit to texting or emailing while driving in the past 30 days. More than a quarter (27.1%) typed an email while driving in the past 30 days. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2014 Cognitive Distraction 2/3 (65.7%) drivers feel hand held cell phone use by drives is unacceptable. 2/3 (65.4%) drivers feel hand free cell phone use by drivers is acceptable. Nearly half (46.4%) using speech based invehicle systems feel they are not at all distracting. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2014 6
Cognitive Distraction 89.3% of drivers support texting bans. 40.2% support a total ban of all phones. 74.6% feel hands free devices are safer. AAA has found both types of phones pose a comparable level of cognitive distraction. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2014 Did you know? 2012: 18 year old Aaron Deveau was convicted of vehicular homicide when he hit and killed a 54 year old man while texting. Analysis of his phone after the incident: 193 texts were sent and received. Sentence: 2 years in prison, lost drivers license for 15 years. National Safety Campaign 7
National Safety Campaign National Safety Campaign Initiatives to Decrease Distracted Driving Toyota Program: Teen Drive 365 Oculus Rift: Stationary car Place headset on 3D Virtual Reality driving experience Traffic Noise Radio Text Messages Virtual friends www. Toyota.com 8
Initiatives to Decrease Distracted Driving 2016 Chevrolet Malibu model Special snitch key given to teen Parent can download a report on driving performance with a password: Each time driving over the speed limit Each time driver swerves or near misses an accident. www.chevrolet.com/malibu A Habit Worth Breaking Turn off phone or put on silent before driving. Set special ring tones for important incoming calls; pull over to answer. Install an app on your phone that disables it while your vehicle is in motion. Designate a passenger to answer incoming calls and say you will call back later. Change your voicemail: I may be driving, so I ll call you back later. National Safety Council 2014 Legislation 43 states have laws banning text messages while driving. Delaware: 6,200 tickets issued First offense: $106 Repeated offenses: $300 9
Purpose and Aims To determine the prevalence of distracted driving in one sample of health care professionals Aims: What are behaviors of self-reported distracted driving behaviors in health care providers compare to the general population? Does reported distracted driving behavior influence patient education? Methodology Sample = 548 pediatric health care providers Brief 8-question multiple choice survey Themes: Demographics Personal driving practices Perceived driving practices of others Incorporating distracted driving into patient education Descriptive Statistics describe Sample Results: Demographics Sample % (n) Age <25 years 1(16) 26-35 years 26(138) 36-50 yrs 37(202) >50 years 36(199) 10
Results: Demographics Gender Education Sample %(n) 92(504) Female 13(72) Some college 45(250) Four year degree 41(229) Post baccalaureate Specialty Drivers License 100(548) Have children of driving age 57(312) Results: Driving Each Day Reported Time Driving Each Day: 4% < 15 minutes 20% 26-35 minutes 27% 36-45 minutes 49% > 45 minutes Results: Driving Behaviors Driving Behaviors Talk on Phone while Driving %(n) 2(12) Always 30(163)Often 40(208) Occasionally 22(122) Rarely 6(34) Never Text while Driving 1(3) Always 6(31) Often 22(118) Occasionally 37(203) Rarely 33(183) Never 11
Results: Driving Behaviors Driving Behaviors %(n) Eat while Driving Smoke while Driving Apply makeup/hygiene while Driving Listen to Music while Driving 28(156) Always or Often 44(241) Occasionally 26(144) Rarely/never >95% Never 1(6) Always/Often 22(120) Occasionally 55(301) Rarely/Never 38(197) Always/Often 37(200) Occasional 26(141) Rarely/Never Results: Driving Behaviors Driving Behaviors %(n) Distracted by Children while Driving Distracted by Animals while Driving Distracted by GPS/Navigation while driving Distracted by Reading while Driving 18(100) Always/Often 18(99) Occasionally 62(339) Rarely/Never 2(13) Always/Often 5.1(128) Occasionally 60(327) Rarely/Never 8(43) Always/Often 47(258) Occasionally 43(235) Rarely/never 9(48)Occasionally 86(485) Never Perception of Others Distracted Driving See others talking on cell phone while driving 27% Always; 67% Often See others texting while driving 17% Always ; 57% Often 12
Perception of Others Distracted Driving See others smoking while driving 11.5% Always ; 50% Often See others applying makeup/grooming 7% Always ; 28% Often See others singing to music 9% Always ; 36% Often See others distracted by children 8% Always ; 31% Often See others eating while driving 13% Always; 54% Often See others distracted by animals 5% Always ; 17% Often See others distracted by GPS/Map Reading 6% Always ; 32% Often See others distracted by reading 4.4% Always ; 11% Often Do YOU Counsel Patients about Distracted Driving? 22%(106) No Yes 78%(384) Strengths and Limitations Strengths Large health care professional sample For first time provides overview of distracted driving in health care professionals Limitations Largely female sample Cross sectional- cannot be generalized 13
Future Directions for this Study Further analysis of those health care professionals who are texting or driving and their willingness to educate patients Expansion of this study to sample multiple health care professionals Future study to implement an intervention and study effect on distracted driving behaviors in health care professionals Future Directions: Public Health Initiatives Collaboration between institutions, states and regions is critical Participant Collaborated with AT&T, police and Maryland Highway Safety Office. Distracted driving wheel and pedal device. Social media contest. Pledge banner/cards. Health educators. Fact sheet on MD laws. 14
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Participant Obtained grant from Delaware Office of Highway Safety. Insights from a victims parent Partnered with AAA. Partnered with Wilmington police. Partnered with area Adult Level I trauma center. Distracted driving simulators (3). Pledge banners/cards. Health educators. http://www.wdel.com/story.php?id=67309 16
Before and After Our Trauma Director 17
Distracted driving simulators. Participant Partnered with AT&T Partnered with local office of Florida Department of Transportation. Partnered with Florida Highway Patrol. Posters and Banners. Participant Distracted driving simulators. Insights from a victims mother Partnered with AT&T Children s Promise Safe Kids Daily Tarheel ad Pledges Give aways 18
Participant Surgery Grand Rounds presentation on Distracted Driving. 3 settings for simulation. Participating in a mother s blog to impact new teen drivers. Twitter chat #distraction with NITSA. 19
The Ongoing Problem. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7911kgjjzc A small grass roots organization can make a difference! Lessons Learned Passionate causes are contagious! GO FOR IT! 20