1.0 PROCESSING DATA
1. Name of module: 1.1 How computer processes data? 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: a) understand and state how computer process data b) list down processing components c) understand the machine cycle 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) define the meaning of data processing b) explain how computer process data c) name the processing components d) draw the machine cycle 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to produce PowerPoint presentations about data processing. 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Prior knowledge: (i) Part of computer system
(ii) Definition of CPU, input, output and memory storage CPU: (Central Processing Unit) the main part of the computer, which executes the instruction given by the program. A microprocessor will process data into information. Two parts of CPU: Input: a process entering data into computer to be processed. Output: any computer generated information displayed on screen, printed, sound, data transfer across phone line of network connection or in some machine readable form, such as disc and tape Memory storage: a place to store data, programmer information for a computer
b) Define the meaning of data and processing data Data is raw unprocessed that are inputs to a computer system that will give compiled information where the computer processes those facts. Data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarise, analyse or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. c) Explain how computer process data It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. d) Name the processing components
CPU - consists of 2 components: (i) Control Unit can be thought of as the brain of the CPU itself. It controls based on the instructions it decodes, how other parts of the CPU and in turn, rest of the computer systems should work in order that the instruction gets executed in a correct manner. (ii) ALU stands for Arithmetic/Logic Unit is the part that executes the computer's commands A command must be either a basic arithmetic operation: + - / or one of the logical comparisons: >< =not= Everything has to be broken down into these few operations. The ALU can only do one thing at a time but can work extremely fast. Main Memory - stores the commands that the CPU executes and the results - is where the computer stores the data and commands that are currently being used - When the computer is turned off, all data in Main Memory vanishes - consists of 5 components: a) Operating system - Some common operating systems are various versions of Windows, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows 2007, OS/2. These all behave in very different ways and have different hardware requirements. So they won't all run on all machines.
b) Applications - are various programs that are currently running on the computer, for example: Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer, etc - we can run more than one applications once using a computer- this is called multi-tasking. - each running application has to have some data stored in Main Memory, even if the application is on rest break. Some programs (especially graphics programs) require a lot of the Main Memory space c) Input/ Output Storage - When you enter new data, the keystrokes must be stored until the computer can do something with the new data. - When you want data printed out or displayed, it must be stored somewhere handy first. d) Working Storage - To store the numbers and characters that are the intermediate results of computer operations until the final values are calculated. These values "in progress" are kept in temporary locations. - For example, if the computer is adding up the numbers 3, 5, and 6, it would first add 3 to 5 which yields a value of 8. The 8 is stored in working storage. Then the 8 and 6 are added and the new value 14 is stored. The value of 14 is now available to be displayed on the screen or to be printed or to be used in another calculation.
e) Unused Storage - There is always some storage space that is not in use. - If space runs out in Main Memory, the computer will crash, that is, stop working. e) draw the machine cycle The CPU can fetch one piece of data in one machine cycle. It takes numerous cycles to do even a simple addition of two numbers. Action Fetch Decode Execute Store - Meaning get an instruction/data from Main Memory translate it into computer commands actually process the command write the result to Main Memory
f) Students project (Two in a group) PowerPoint presentation for the topics: (Two groups are doing one topic) (i) Explain how a computer processes data (ii) Define each processing component below: i. Central unit ii. ALU iii. Operating systems iv. Applications v. Input/ Output storage vi. Working storage vii. Unused storage (iii) Draw and explain the Machine Cycle (iv) Compare between main memory and storage memory
1. Name of module: 1.2 Binary System 1.3 Bits and Bytes 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: a) define binary system, bits and bytes. b) know that the computer use binary system for computing 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) define the meaning of binary system b) recognize the pattern of binary system c) convert decimal to binary numbers and vice versa d) add binary numbers e) explain how the binary system means to the computer 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to complete the worksheets. 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Setting: Human language vs Machine language How human communicate with machine? The computers language is called binary system
b) Binary system: - a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1 - a way of counting by computers - One binary digit (0 or 1) is referred to as a bit which is short for binary digit. f) ASCII Codes Binary Character 100 1110 N 100 0001 A 100 0010 B 100 0011 C 100 0100 D 100 0101 E 100 0110 F 100 0111 G 100 1000 H 100 1001 I 100 1010 J 100 1011 K 100 1100 L 100 1111 O 101 0000 P 101 0001 Q 101 0010 R 101 0011 S 101 0100 T 101 0101 U 101 0110 V 101 0111 W 101 1000 X 101 1001 Y 101 1010 Z 100 1101 M Example: BAD: 100 0010 100 0001 100 010
c) Bits vs Bytes: g) Bits: One binary digit (0 or 1) h) Bytes: 8 binary digits/ 8 bits i) SI prefixes/metric prefixes: a. 1 Terabyte 1 10 12 byte b. 1 Gigabyte 1 10 9 byte c. 1 Megabyte 1 10 6 byte d. 1 Kilobyte 1 10 3 byte e. 1 milisecond 1 10-3 second f. 1 microsecond 1 10-6 second g. 1 nanosecond 1 10-9 second h. 1 picosecond 1 10-12 second d) Conversion between decimal and binary numbers: (i) From decimal to binary numbers For example, 118 10 in binary is 0110111 2 Operation Remainder 118 2 = 59 0 59 2 = 29 1 29 2 = 14 1 14 2 = 7 0 7 2 = 3 1 3 2 = 1 1 1 2 = 0 1
(ii) From binary to decimal numbers For example, 1011 2 in binary is 11 10 e) Adding binary numbers Basic rules: 0 + 0 = Sum of 0 0 + 1 = Sum of 1 1 + 0 = Sum of 1 1 + 1 = Sum of 0 with a carry of 1. Example: 11 2 + 01 2 = 100 2 f) Students worksheet: Refer to the book: A.P.P.I.T IT Training for Professionals
2.0 NETWORKS
1. Name of module: 2.1 Types of networks 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: - list types of computer networks: i. Local Area Networks (LAN) ii. Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) iii. Wide Area Networks (WAN) - Differentiate types of computer networks 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) list various of networks: LAN, MAN and WAN b) Identify the differences between types of computer networks a. Coverage area b. Networking implementation in organisations 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to complete worksheet.
5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Internet is an example of networking b) Definition of computer network: a collection of hardware and software that enables a group of computers to communicate and provide users with access to shared resources - These shared resources can include data such as files or messages, applications and other software; and hardware, such as printers or modems. - This ability to share resources is one of the primary reason why organizations implement networks c) Common network components and features Component/ Feature Server Definition Any computer that makes its hardware and software resources available for use by other computers on the network Client Workstation Any computer that uses resources of the server A high performance personal computer with specialized operation system software to provide features such as multi tasking, multi processing and security. Typically, workstations are used in situations where users need to run complex and process intensive applications on their desktop computers.
Media The typical connection between computers, such as network cabling Resources Shared data Files, printers or other items accessed by clients. Any file provided by a server to a client across the network Shared printers and other peripherals Any hardware resource provided by a server to a client across a network - At the most basic level, a computer network consists of at least two computers connected by a communication link, such as a physical cable. One of the computer on a network acts as a server while the other as a client. d) Types of network (i) Local Area Network (LAN) is a connection of computers cabled together to form a network in a small geographic area. The LAN can only be as large as the physical limitations of the cabling will allow. For example, within an office building. LANs are typically inexpensive to set up, run and maintan. (ii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is slightly larger than a LAN and it contains within a single city or metropolitan area. MANs are typically owned by private providers. They are also expensive to implement and maintain.
(iii) Wide Area Network (WAN) is relatively large and spans across countries and continents. The advantage of a WAN is that it is essentially unlimited in geographic area. e) Students worksheet: Refer to the book: A.P.P.I.T IT Training for Professionals
1. Name of module: 2.2 Networks Topology 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: a) State types of network topology: i. Star Network ii. Ring Network iii. Bus Network 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) show and explain types of network topology b) sketch the types of network topology 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to a simple network. 5. List of activities: a) Network topology - is the way in which the network of computers is connected - the choice of topology is dependent upon i. type and number of equipment being used ii. planned applications and rate of data transfers iii. required response times iv. cost
Examples: (i) Bus network topology - Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable - A terminator is required at each end of the bus cable to prevent the signal from bouncing back and forth on the bus cable. - A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds IP address on the network that is the intended recipient.
- Advantage: it consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies - Disadvantage: it can be the single point of failure, so if the network cable breaks, the entire network will be down. Diagram: This is where to get IP address for a computer (ii) Star network topology - Each computer is connected to a central hub, so all of the traffic which transverses the network passes through the central hub. - The hub acts as a signal booster or repeater which in turn allows the signal to travel greater distances.
- Advantages: It is the easiest topology to design and implement It is the simplicity of adding other machines - Disadvantage: the hub is a single point of failure, so if the hub were to fail the entire network would fail. (iii) Ring network topology - Each computer is connected to the network in a closed loop or ring - Each computer has a unique address that is used for identification purposes. - The signal passes through each machine or computer connected to the ring in one direction. - The computers connected to the ring act as signal boosters or repeaters which strengthen the signals that transverse the network - The primary disadvantage of ring topology is the failure of one machine will cause the entire network to fail.
b) Students project: Setting: You are about to set up your home business and you probably need the internet and data sharing throughout all computers at home. Design a simple network for your house.
1. Name of module: 2.3 Share documents 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Share documents with other users through Local Area Networks(LAN) b) Receive and transfer document through LAN 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Creating shared folders b) Receiving and transferring documents 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to create a folder with sharing property and access the shared documents among them. 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Demonstration on the shared folders in school server b) Creating shared folders Step 1: Create a folder that you want to share. Step 2: Right click on the folder and and click on Sharing and Security Step 3:
Diagram: Step 1 and 2 Create a folder to be shared and right click to select Sharing and Security
c) Receiving and transferring documents: d) Students assignment: Creating shared folders
1. Name of module: 2.5 Current technology in Computer Networks 2. Learning outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Explain current technology in computer networks 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Discussing current/ latest technology in computer networks: WIFI Bluetooth b) Collecting and gathering all related information on current technology in networking to be kept in the portfolio 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to collect and present the related information, either as portfolios or PowerPoint presentations 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Question and answer about Bluetooth and WIFI b) Wireless Network (WIFI) is one that enables connectivity without the use of physical cable. However, generally a wireless network is not entirely wireless or without cabling. Most wireless networks communicate to, and function as part of a cabled LAN. Thus, creating a hybrid network of cabled and wireless components.
c) Bluetooth - is an open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances (using short radio waves) from fixed and mobile devices - A replacement for infrared - Applications: Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands-free headset Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space Wireless Communication between PC input and output devices, e.g. mouse, keyboard and printer Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointment and reminders between devices with Bluetooth technology Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices Diagram: USB dongle
Diagram: Bluetooth headset d)
3.0 DATABASE SOFTWARE ACCESS
1. Name of module: 3.1 Creating Database 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) save database file b) create table by using wizard c) differentiate field, record and table d) define primary key e) insert data in the table f) find record from table g) create form by using wizard add records edit records h) create query by using wizard i) create report by using wizard 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Naming database b) Saving database c) Closing database d) Opening database e) Inserting data f) Adding and editing records g) Finding records h) Printing reports
4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to carry out hands-on activities (group work). 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Microsoft Access - is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), designed primarily for home or small business usage - is known as a desktop database system because it's functions are intended to be run from a single computer - is bundled as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Access Versus Excel b) Excel may be fine if you've only got a small amount of data, and if you don't have many attributes against each piece of data. It may be fine if you don't have much in the way of relational data across multiple worksheets. c) Once you start storing many attributes against each piece of data, and perhaps you find yourself repeating information across multiple worksheets, then it's time to start using Access (or another database system if you prefer).
d) Another important reason for using Access over Excel is, if you need to generate a lot of queries and reports. Access is much better suited for doing this compared to Excel.
1. Name of module: 3.2 Editing Database 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Modify table: Add field b) Modify form 3. Knowledge and Skills: i) Modifying table j) Modifying form 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to modify form and table in their current database.
1. Name of module: 3.3 Getting External Data 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Import data from other file type 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Importing data from Excel 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to import data from Excel.
4.0 Cyberlaw
1. Name of module: 4.0 Cyberlaw 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Describe the need for cyber law 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Discussing reasons for the need of cyberlaw b) Writing a short essay on the need for cyberlaw 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to explain and elaborate the reasons for the need of cyberlaw.
5.0 Microsoft Publisher
5. Name of module: 5.1 Introduction to Microsoft Publisher 6. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) List components in the applications b) Create a newsletter 7. Knowledge and Skills: a) Listing components b) Creating a newsletter 8. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to
1. Name of module: 5.2 Creating Newsletter 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) Insert clip arts b) Insert text box c) Change the format of fonts d) Insert caption 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Inserting clip arts b) Inserting text box c) Changing the format of fonts d) Inserting caption 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to complete a simple newsletter.
6.0 Internet
1. Name of module: 6.1 Bookmark 6.2 Downloading 2. Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to: a) know and understand the use of bookmark b) download files/ clips from the internet 3. Knowledge and Skills: a) Using bookmark b) Downloading 4. Module summary: At the end of the module, the students should be able to add a given website to the bookmark and download a requested file from a website. 5. List of activities: a) Set induction: Ask the students some questions: - What are the websites that they usually browse when they are surfing internet? - What will they do when they find anything that interests them? b) Internet browsers: - software applications for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web - an information resource may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content and is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is similar to website address
c) Using bookmark - we can save the website addresses using the feature available in our internet browser. - this helps us to browse online to the favourite websites easily - Procedures about how to use bookmark in Microsoft Internet Explorer: Step 1: Browse to the favourite website For example: Type in the website address: www.mbsskl.edu.my and click the button Enter to get to the website
Step 2: Click Favourites on the menu bar and Click Add to favourites Step 3: When a pop-out window comes out as below, type in the name that you want to save website.
Step 4: Click on the button Create in >> to get the extended window as below. Select the folder that you want to save the name in the list. Note that: To create a new folder inside another folder, just select the folder that you want to create the new folder inside it. Then, click on the button New Folder. Type in the new folder name and the click on the button OK. Step 5: Make sure the name for the website is typed and the folder that you want to save in is selected and then click on the button OK.
c) download files/ clips from the internet - when you need to access offline the files/ clips from the internet, we must save the files/ clips in the local computer - downloading is a way of - Procedures about how to download: Step 1: Browse to any website that allows you to download certain files/ clips Example: Step 2: Click on the button download (or sometimes it appears as a link) Step 3: When you see a company or publisher listed in a security message, make sure the company name is Microsoft Corporation.
If so, then it is safe to click Save.
Step4: Select the folder that you want to save your file/ clip inside and create a file name. Then, click on the button Save. Step5: You will see a window shown as below. Once the download progress reaches 100%, you could find the file/ clip inside the folder that you ve selected.
d) Students assignment: - Create bookmarks using different internet browsers, e.g. Mozilla Firefox - Manage websites saved in the bookmark - Download different types of files from any websites and tell the difference for the ways to download for different websites - Download an application from the internet and tell the difference between downloading a file and an application.