Baylor Fox-Kemper (Brown Geo.) CARTHE Spring 2014 All-Hands Meeting
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1 Frontogenesis in the Presence of Stokes Forces Baylor Fox-Kemper (Brown Geo.) with Jim McWilliams (UCLA), Nobu Suzuki (Brown), and Qing Li (Brown) Expanding on past work with: Peter Hamlington (CU-Boulder), Luke Van Roekel (Northland College), Sean Haney (CU) Adrean Webb (TUMST), Keith Julien (CU-APPM), Greg Chini (UNH), Peter Sullivan (NCAR), Mark Hemer (CSIRO) CARTHE Spring 2014 All-Hands Meeting Sponsors: NSF , , NASA NNX09AF38G
2 Dimensionless Boussinesq Spanning Mesoscale to Stratified Turbulence following McWilliams (85) geostrophic hydrostatic Plus boundary conditions Re = UL Ro = U fl = H/L
3 Surface Waves are fast, small, irrotational solutions of the Boussinesq Equations
4 Wave-Averaged Equations following Lane et al. (07), McWilliams & F-K (13) and Suzuki & F-K (14) (for horizontally uniform Stokes drift) Plus boundary conditions LAGRANGIAN (Eulerian+Stokes) advection & Coriolis Stokes shear force is NEW *nonhydrostatic* term in Vert. Mom.
5 Stokes driftin away Take wave solns, compare the velocity of trajectories vs. Eulerian velocity, Taylor Expand, calculate: Monochromatic: Spectrum: Depth-Integrated: A. Webb and B. Fox-Kemper. Wave spectral moments and Stokes drift estimation. Ocean Modelling, 40(3-4): , 2011.
6 The Character of the image: Thorpe, 04 Langmuir Scale Near-surface Langmuir Cells & Langmuir Turb. Ro>>1 Ri<1: Nonhydro 1-100m (H=L) 10s to 1hr w, u=o(10cm/s) Stokes drift Eqtns:Craik-Leibovich Params: McWilliams & Sullivan, 2000, Van Roekel et al Resolved routinely in 2170 Image: NPR.org, Deep Water Horizon Spill
7 Offline obs-driven parameterization: Including Stokes-driven Mixing (Harcourt 2013) Deepens the Mixed Layer E. A. D'Asaro, J. Thomson, A. Y. Shcherbina, R. R. Harcourt, M. F. Cronin, M. A. Hemer, and B. Fox-Kemper. Quantifying upper ocean turbulence driven by surface waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(1): , January Latitude 50 o N a) 25 o N 0 o 25 o S 50 o S o 60 o E 120 o E 180 o W 120 o W 60 o W 0 o % 60 b) Text MLD (m) c) NO WAVES 50 NO WAVES 25,75 WAVES 50 WAVES 25, MLD (m)
8 Including Stokes-driven Mixing in CESM, too (Harcourt & D Asaro, 2008; Van Roekel et al, 2012) Depth & misaligned Depth & misaligned Remains to be co-tuned with mixed layer eddy, mesoscale, and near-inertial mixing parameterizations Q. Li, B. F-K, T. Arbetter, A. Webb, Assessing the Influence of Surface Wind Waves to the Global Climate by Incorporating WAVEWATCH III in CESM, 2014 AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting Poster, related paper in prep.
9 Stokes Shear Force and the CL2 mechanism for Langmuir circulations Flow directed along Stokes shear=downward force z y x Stokes Drift : Stokes-shear force : turbulent velocity : water parcel N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Understanding Stokes Forces in the Wave-Averaged Equations, JPO, in prep, 2014.
10 Stokes Shear Force on Submesoscale Cold Filament y z x a) y z U<0 U>0 d) H L L H : Stokes-shear force : turbulent velocity : water parcel b) ū S e) H L L H J. C. McWilliams and B. F-K. Oceanic wave-balanced surface fronts and filaments. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 730: , N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Understanding Stokes Forces in the Wave-Averaged Equations, JPO, in prep, c) H L L H Enhances Frontogenesis for Down-Front Stokes Opposes Frontogenesis for Up-Front Stokes f f) ) L H H L
11 Importance of Stokes shear force versus finite Rossby on (sub)mesoscale: McWilliams & F-K (13) Ro = U fl J. C. McWilliams and B. F-K. Oceanic wave-balanced surface fronts and filaments. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 730: , 2013.
12 LES of Langmuir- Submeso Interactions? Perform large eddy simulations (LES) of Langmuir turbulence with a submesoscale temperature front using wave-averaged equations Computational parameters: Domain size: 20km x 20km x -160m Grid points: 4096 x 4096 x 128 Resolution: 5m x 5m x -1.25m 1000x more gridpoints than CESM P. E. Hamlington, L. P. Van Roekel, B. Fox-Kemper, K. Julien, and G. P. Chini. Langmuir-submesoscale interactions: Descriptive analysis of multiscale frontal spin-down simulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, In press.
13 Zoom: Submeso-Langmuir Interaction What s plotted are surfaces of large vert. velocity, colored by temperature Stokes Drift x (km) y (km) P. E. Hamlington, L. P. Van Roekel, B. Fox-Kemper, K. Julien, and G. P. Chini. Langmuir-submesoscale interactions: Descriptive analysis of multiscale frontal spin-down simulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, In press.
14 Diverse types of interac0on 0 x (km) 20 0 y (km) Stokes 20 Drift Slide & Movies by Peter Hamlington. E. Hamlington, L. P. Van Roekel, B. Fox-Kemper, K. Julien, and G. P. Chini. Langmuir-submesoscale interactions: Descriptive analysis of 14 ultiscale frontal spin-down simulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, In press.
15 Are Fronts and Filaments different with Stokes shear force? Wind & Waves Wind Only Stokes Drift Wind&Waves: Down-Stokes Fronts are Enhanced Winds: Fronts are more Isotropic N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Surface Wave Stokes Forces Influence Frontogenesis, JPO, in prep, J. C. McWilliams and B. F-K. Oceanic wave-balanced surface fronts and filaments. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 730: , P. E. Hamlington, L. P. Van Roekel, B. Fox-Kemper, K. Julien, and G. P. Chini. Langmuir-submesoscale interactions: Descriptive analysis of multiscale frontal spin-down simulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, In press.
16 Let s examine 1 particular front min ave. w (ms 1 ) at z = 12.5m iy Stokes Drift ix 0.02 N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Surface Wave Stokes Forces Influence Frontogenesis, JPO, in prep, 2014.
17 Along-Front and 10min Average 10min ave w (ms 1 ); Front ID = iy ix N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Surface Wave Stokes Forces Influence Frontogenesis, JPO, in prep, 2014.
18 Along-Front and 10min Average
19 Along-Front and 10min Average
20 Along-Front and 10min Average Hi Press. Grad Lo Stokes Shear Force Press. Grad Hi Stokes Shear force Enhances Frontogenesis for Down-Front Stokes
21 Conclusions All papers at: fox-kemper.com/pubs Stokes shear force affects frontogenesis. Add/subtract 30-40% of frontal KE production for downfront/upfront Stokes drift The controlling parameter,, measures nonhydrostatic frontal effects. It can dominate other nonlinear effects, such as O(1) Rossby, and is O(20) in these simulated submesoscale fronts. Down-Stokes fronts are sharper than those directed across or esp. against Stokes and have horizontal velocity and pressures that are not antisymmetric about the max w. Future/Present: Cross-frontal transport pathways, wave-mean interaction, and frontal instabilities will be different Overall: Stokes force can affect submesoscale dynamics as well as Langmuir turbulence.
22 Along-Front and 10min Average 10min ave along front velocity (ms 1 ); Front ID = iy ix N. Suzuki and B. Fox-Kemper. Surface Wave Stokes Forces Influence Frontogenesis, JPO, in prep, 2014.
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