Progress in. Mathematics. Diocese of Allentown. Mathematics. Curriculum. Grade 8. Aligned to the SADLIER

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1 SADLIER Progress in Mathematics Aligned to the Diocese of Allentown Mathematics Curriculum Grade 8 The Number System Expressions & Equations Functions & Relations Geometry Statistics & Probability Maintain Vocabulary William H. Sadlier, Inc

2 The Number System Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. 8.NS.A.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number. 8.NS.A.2 Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., π2). For example, by truncating or rounding the decimal expansion of 2, show that 2 is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations The Rational Numbers TE pp. 2 3B; SB pp. 2 3 / PB pp. 1 2 Objective(s): To define the set of rational numbers; to identify subsets of rational numbers; to write rational numbers in equivalent forms. 2 7 The Real Number System TE pp B; pp. SB / PB pp Objective(s): To classify real numbers; to locate real numbers on a number line; to find the distance between two points on a line; to find the midpoint between two numbers on a number line Equations: Repeating Decimals as Rational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To rename repeating decimals as fractions using equations Estimate Square Roots TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To estimate the decimal value of square roots that are nonperfect squares; to locate square roots of nonperfect squares on a number line; to simplify expressions involving square roots by using a calculator. 2 5 Irrational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To classify numbers as rational or irrational; to find a rational approximate value of an irrational number to a given place. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 2

3 Expressions & Equations Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. 8.EE.A.1 Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example, = 3 3 = 1/3 3 = 1/27. Properties of Exponents: a 0 1, a m a n a ( m n) m,( a ) n a m n 8.EE.A.2 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x 2 = p and x 3 = p, where p is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that 2 is irrational. 8.EE.A.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 times 108 and the population of the world as 7 times 109, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger. 8.EE.A.4 Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading, use kilometers to measure distance between cities). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology mn a, a m n a,( ab) m a m b m Integral Exponents TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write repeated multiplication in exponential form; to apply the multiplication law of exponents; to apply the division law of exponents; to understand zero and negative exponents Powers and Exponents TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To raise a power to a power; to raise a product to a power; to raise a quotient to a power; to apply the power laws Perfect Squares and Square Roots TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify perfect squares; to find the two square roots of a number; to simplify expressions involving squares; to simplify expressions involving square roots. 2 5 Irrational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To classify numbers as rational or irrational; to find a rational approximate value of an irrational number to a given place. *12 5A Perfect Cubes and Cube Roots Online Objective(s): To evaluate cube roots of small perfect cubes. *12 5B Use Cube Root Symbols Online Objective(s): To use cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x3 = p, where p is a positive rational number Scientific Notation TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write very large or very small numbers in standard form in scientific notation; to write numbers in scientific notation as very large or very small numbers in standard form; to compare numbers in scientific notation; to order numbers in scientific notation. 2 2 Multiply and Divide in Scientific Notation TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To multiply numbers in scientific notation; to divide numbers in scientific notation Multiply and Divide in Scientific Notation TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To multiply numbers in scientific notation; to divide numbers in scientific notation. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 3

4 Expressions & Equations Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations. 8.EE.B.5 Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways. For example, compare a distance time graph to a distance time equation to determine which of two moving objects has greater speed. 8.EE.B.6 Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a non vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line intercepting the vertical axis at b Direct Variation TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether a data set shows direct variation; to determine equations for direct variations; to solve problems involving direct variation by using proportion. 7 1 Ratios, Rates, and Unit Rates TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify and apply equal ratios; to identify and apply rates; to compare rates as whole numbers, decimals, and fractions; to compare ratios as whole numbers, decimals, and fractions. 7 3 Conversion Factors and Measurement Systems TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve measurement problems using rate formulas; to rename metric units of measure using conversion factors; to rename customary units of measure using conversion factors. 7 5 Direct Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write and solve direct proportions using equation form; to write and solve direct proportions using cross products. *7 5A Proportions and Unit Rates Online Objective(s): To rewrite a proportion to find a unit rate. *7 5B Graph Proportional Relationships Online Objective(s): To use the unit rate form of a ratio to graph the proportional relationship (use unit rate as slope). *7 5C Compare Proportional Relationships Online Objective(s): To compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways Linear Functions: Standard Form and Slope Intercept Form TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify the slope from an equation of a line; to identify the y intercept from an equation of a line; to graph an equation in slope intercept form; to write an equation of a line from a graph using the y intercept and slope. 6 9 Direct Variation TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether a data set shows direct variation; to determine equations for direct variations; to solve problems involving direct variation by using proportion Coordinate Plane and Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To graph polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply perimeter formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply area formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply the Pythagorean Theorem to polygons on a coordinate plane; to determine whether three points are collinear without graphing. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 4

5 Expressions & Equations Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. 8.EE.C.7 Solve linear equations in one variable. 8.EE.C.7.A Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different numbers). 8.EE.C.7.B Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write word sentences as equations; to determine whether a given number is a solution to a given equation; to identify the Properties of Equality; to determine whether an equation is a conditional equation or an identity. *3 10A Identify Equations with One, Many, or No Solutions Online Objective(s): To give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. *3 10B Solve Equations with One, Many, or No Solutions Online Objective(s): To solve one step linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions by reducing them to the form x = a, a = a, or a = b Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write word sentences as equations; to determine whether a given number is a solution to a given equation; to identify the Properties of Equality; to determine whether an equation is a conditional equation or an identity. 3 4 One Step Addition and Subtraction Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve equations by using the Addition Property of Equality; to solve equations by using the Subtraction Property of Equality. 3 5 One Step Multiplication and Division Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve equations by using the Multiplication Property of Equality; to solve equations by using the Division Property of Equality. 3 6 Model Two Step Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To model two step equations with algebra tiles; to solve two step equations by modeling. 3 7 Two Step Equations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve two step equations. 3 8 Multistep Equations with Grouping Symbols TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve multistep equations with grouping symbols. 3 9 Multistep Equations with Variables on Both Sides TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve multistep equations with variables on both sides Multistep Equations: Fractions and Decimals TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve multistep equations involving decimals and fractions; to solve equations with variables in denominators. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 5

6 Expressions & Equations 7 2 Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether two ratios form a proportion, using cross products; to identify and solve proportions, including proportions with an algebraic expression as a term. 8.EE.C.8 Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations. (all three types: coincident, parallel, and intersecting) 8.EE.C.8.A Understand that solutions to a system of two linear equations in two variables correspond to points of intersection of their graphs, because points of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously. 8.EE.C.8.B Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations. Solve simple cases by inspection. For example, 3x + 2y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 6 have no solution because 3x + 2y cannot simultaneously be 5 and 6. 8.EE.C.8.C Solve real world and mathematical problems leading to two linear equations in two variables. For example, given coordinates for two pairs of points, determine whether the line through the first pair of points intersects the line through the second pair. Example: Graph two sets of data such as the cost of going to the gym as a non member for a fee of $10 per visit or joining the gym for $200 and paying $1 per visit Solve Systems of Equations by Graphing TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve a system of linear equations by graphing Solve Systems of Equations by Graphing TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve a system of linear equations by graphing Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution and Elimination TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve a system of linear equations by substitution; to solve a system of linear equations by elimination Solve Systems of Equations by Graphing TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve a system of linear equations by graphing Solve Systems of Equations by Substitution and Elimination TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve a system of linear equations by substitution; to solve a system of linear equations by elimination. *6 11A Use Systems to Solve Problems Online Objective(s): To solve systems of equations where the determining information for both lines is given but not both equations. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 6

7 Functions & Relations Define, evaluate, and compare functions and relations. 8.F.A.1 Understand that a function is a rule(relation) that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output. (Function notation is not required in grade 8) 8.F.A.2 Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For example, given a linear function represented by a table of values and a linear function represented by an algebraic expression, determine which function has the greater rate of change. Example: Compare the slopes of these functions Relations and Functions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify relations; to identify functions; to represent relations with tables; to represent relations with mapping diagrams; to represent relations with graphs; to represent relations with equations; to identify the domain of a relation; to identify the range of a relation; to evaluate a function using function notation. 6 2 Graphs of Functions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write a function rule; to use a table to graph functions; to find solutions of a function using a graph Graphs of Functions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write a function rule; to use a table to graph functions; to find solutions of a function using a graph. *6 2A Compare Functions Online Objective(s): To compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). 8.F.A.3 Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. For example, the function A = s2giving the area of a square as a function of its side length is not linear because its graph contains the points (1,1), (2,4) and (3,9), which are not on a straight line Linear Functions: Standard Form and Slope Intercept Form TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify the slope from an equation of a line; to identify the y intercept from an equation of a line; to graph an equation in slope intercept form; to write an equation of a line from a graph using the y intercept and slope. 6 7 Linear Functions: Point Slope Form TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write the equation of a line, given one point and the slope; to graph a linear equation, given one point and the slope; to recognize and use point slope form and relate it to slope intercept form Technology: Graphs of Nonlinear Functions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To graph nonlinear functions using a calculator; to explore how changes to the equations for nonlinear functions affect the graph. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 7

8 Functions & Relations Use functions to model relationships between quantities. 8.F.B.4 Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values. Example: Find the initial value and rate of growth for the baby: Initial value (time= 0) is 20 lbs. Use graph to determine slope: at 4 months weight = 21 lbs. so change is 1/4. Interpret as 1/4 lb per month or 1 pound per 4 months Linear Functions: Standard Form and Slope Intercept Form TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify the slope from an equation of a line; to identify the y intercept from an equation of a line; to graph an equation in slope intercept form; to write an equation of a line from a graph using the y intercept and slope Nonlinear Functions: Quadratic TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To recognize equations of quadratic functions; to recognize graphs of quadratic functions; to recognize tables of quadratic functions. 8.F.B.5 Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally. function is constant Relationships and Graphs TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To interpret graphs that represent real world situations; to create graphs that represent possible situations. *11 4A Sketch Graphs Online Objective(s): To sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally Nonlinear Functions: Quadratic TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To recognize equations of quadratic functions; to recognize graphs of quadratic functions; to recognize tables of quadratic functions. function is nonlinear and increasing Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 8

9 Geometry Understand congruence and similarity using physical models, transparencies, or geometry software. 8.G.A.1 Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations: 8.G.A.1.A Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length. 8.G.A.1.B Angles are taken to angles of the same measure. 3 8.G.A.1.C Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines. 3 8.G.A.2 Understand that a two dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them. 8.G.A.3 Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two dimensional figures using coordinates. 3 *10 9A Properties of Rigid Transformations Online Objective(s): To verify experimentally that under rigid transformations the image of a line segment is a line segment and the image of a line is a line; to verify experimentally that under rigid transformations the image of an angle is an angle; to verify experimentally that under rigid transformations the image of parallel lines is parallel lines Congruent Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify congruent corresponding parts of polygons; to determine congruence among polygons; to use the triangle congruence rules, SSS, SAS, ASA, SAA, and HL, to determine if triangles are congruent Coordinate Plane: Reflections and Translations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To transform plane figures using reflections; to transform plane figures using translations; to relate reflections to symmetry Coordinate Plane: Rotations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To transform plane figures using rotations; to relate rotations to symmetry Combine Transformations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine what combination of transformations produces a given image; to find the coordinates of the final image of a polygon after a combined transformation. *10 11A Transformations and Congruence Online Objective(s): To understand that a two dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; to describe a sequence of rigid transformations that exhibits the congruence between two given congruent figures Coordinate Plane and Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To graph polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply perimeter formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply area formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply the Pythagorean Theorem to polygons on a coordinate plane; to determine whether three points are collinear without graphing Coordinate Plane: Reflections and Translations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To transform plane figures using reflections; to transform plane figures using translations; to relate reflections to symmetry Coordinate Plane: Rotations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To transform plane figures using rotations; to relate rotations to symmetry. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 9

10 Geometry Coordinate Plane: Dilations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify and create dilations of plane figures. 8.G.A.4 Understand that a two dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them. 8.G.A.5 Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle angle criterion for similarity of triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument in terms of transversals why this is so. Introduce and Explore Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem. 8.G.B.6 Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse Coordinate Plane: Dilations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify and create dilations of plane figures Combine Transformations TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine what combination of transformations produces a given image; to find the coordinates of the final image of a polygon after a combined transformation. *10 11B Transformations and Similarity Online Objective(s): To understand that a two dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; to describe a sequence of transformations between two similar two dimensional figures that exhibits the similarity between them Similarity TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether figures are similar; to use scale factors and to find missing dimensions in similar figures. 9 1 Angle Pairs TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify complementary angles; to identify supplementary angles; to identify adjacent angles; to identify linear angles; to identify vertical angle pairs; to calculate algebraically the measures of angles. 9 2 Angles of Parallel Lines TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To identify alternate interior angles; to identify alternate exterior angles; to identify corresponding angles; to determine the relationships of angle pairs formed by a transversal of parallel lines; to solve problems involving angle measures and transversals algebraically. 9 4 Angles of Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the sum of the measures of interior angles of a convex polygon; to find the sum of the measures of exterior angles of a convex polygon; to find the measures of an exterior angle of a regular polygon; to find the measures of an interior angle of a regular polygon; to solve problems involving angles of polygons. *9 4A Angle Angle Criterion for Similar Triangles Online Objective(s): To use the angle angle criterion to determine whether two triangles are similar Pythagorean Theorem TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a missing side of a right triangle; to determine whether a given triangle is a right triangle. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 10

11 Geometry *2 9A Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem Online Objective(s): To explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse. 8.G.B.7 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real world and mathematical problems in two and explore three dimensions. 8.G.B.8 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system. Solve real world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres. 8.G.C.9 Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres and use them to solve real world and mathematical problems Pythagorean Theorem TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a missing side of a right triangle; to determine whether a given triangle is a right triangle. *12 6A Compute Missing Dimensions of Three Dimensional Figures Online Objective(s): To apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real world and mathematical problems in three dimensions Coordinate Plane and Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To graph polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply perimeter formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply area formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply the Pythagorean Theorem to polygons on a coordinate plane; to determine whether three points are collinear without graphing. *10 7A Apply Pythagorean Theorem Online Objective(s): To apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles Volume of Prisms and Cylinders TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of prisms; to find the volume of cylinders; to compare and contrast the volume of prisms and cylinders Volume of Pyramids and Cones TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of pyramids using formulas; to find the volume of cones using formulas; to find unknown dimensions of pyramids given their volume; to find unknown dimensions of cones given their volume Volume of Spheres TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of spheres by formula; to find the radius of a sphere given its volume. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 11

12 Statistics & Probability Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data. Bivarate data is data expressed with two variables (usually x and y) and graphed on a coordinate plane. 8.SP.A.1 Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate (x, y) measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association Scatter Plots TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To make and read scatter plots; to identify lines of best fit; to draw lines of best fit; to interpret data sets as having positive, negative, or no correlation; to recognize trends in correlated data. *6 3A Analyze Outliers Online Objective(s): To analyze data with and without outliers. *6 3B Clustering Online Objective(s): To use clustering to identify the strength of the correlation data. *6 3C Analyze Scatter Plots Online Objective(s): To identify when association between data is nonlinear and line of best fit is not predictive for extrapolation. 8.SP.A.2 Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line Scatter Plots TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To make and read scatter plots; to identify lines of best fit; to draw lines of best fit; to interpret data sets as having positive, negative, or no correlation; to recognize trends in correlated data. 8.SP.A.3 Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height. 2 *6 7A Analyzing Trend Lines Online Objective(s): To find the equation of the line of best fit in situations that involve linear association. *6 7B Use Linear Models to Solve Problems Online Objective(s): To use the equation of the line of best fit to solve problems. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 12

13 Statistics & Probability 8.SP.A.4 Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two way table. Construct and interpret a two way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores? Introduce and Explore 2 *13 5A Patterns of Association in Categorical Data Online Objective(s): To construct and interpret a two way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. *13 5B Examine Patterns of Association Online Objective(s): To determine whether there are associations between variables in a two way table. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 13

14 Maintain ALL VOCABULARY all [See Vocabulary below.] Computation of Rational Numbers (positive and negative: fractions, decimals, Integers, and mixed numbers) all 1 7 Add Rational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To model addition of rational numbers on a number line; to add rational numbers as decimals; to add rational numbers as fractions; to add rational numbers as mixed numbers. 1 8 Subtract Rational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To subtract rational numbers as decimals; to subtract rational numbers as fractions; to subtract rational numbers as mixed numbers. 1 9 Multiply Rational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To model multiplication of rational numbers; to multiply rational numbers as decimals and fractions or mixed numbers; to apply the Distributive Property in multiplying rational numbers Divide Rational Numbers TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To model division of rational numbers; to divide rational numbers as decimals and fractions or mixed numbers; to simplify complex fractions. Skills Update VIII. Multiply Decimals Skills Update SB p. 407 IX. Divide Decimals Skills Update SB p. 407 X. Zeros in a Product or Quotient Skills Update SB p. 408 XI. Mixed Numbers and Fractions Skills Update SB p. 408 XII. Add and Subtract Fractions Skills Update SB p. 409 XIII. Multiply and Divide Fractions Skills Update SB pp Percent Problems Fractions, Decimals, and Percents TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write fractions as percents; to write percents as fractions; to write decimals as percents; to write percents as decimals; to use patterns to relate fractions, decimals, and percents; to order decimals, fractions, and percents. 8 2 Estimate Percents TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To estimate with percents; to estimate the percentage of a number using the break apart method; to estimate the percentage of a nu 8 3 Percentage and Applications TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the percentage (or part) of a number, given the base and percent rate; to solve consumer application problems involving sales tax; to solve consumer application problems involving sales tax and total cost; to solve consumer application problems involving discount; to solve consumer application problems involving sale price. 8 4 Rate and Applications TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the rate (or percent) given the percentage and the base; to solve consumer application problems involving rate. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 14

15 Maintain 7 7 Inverse Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write and solve inverse proportions; to solve inverse relation problems. 8 5 Base and Applications TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the original number (or base), given a percentage of the number and a percent rate; to solve base number problems involving consumer applications. 8 6 Percent of Change TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the percent rate of increase, gain or markup; to find the percent rate of decrease, loss, or markdown; to find an original amount, given a percentage change and a rate of change. 8 7 Simple and Compound Interest TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To compute simple interest; to compute rate of interest; to compute compound interest by successive calculations of interest per period plus principal; to compute compound interest with a calculator in consumer applications. 8 8 Problem Solving: Review of Strategies TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Proportion Problems Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether two ratios form a proportion, using cross products; to identify and solve proportions, including proportions with an algebraic expression as a term. 7 3 Conversion Factors and Measurement Systems TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve measurement problems using rate formulas; to rename metric units of measure using conversion factors; to rename customary units of measure using conversion factors. 7 4 Dimensional Analysis TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use dimensional analysis in finding equivalent measures within and between measurement systems; to solve rate problems using dimensional analysis. 7 5 Direct Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To write and solve direct proportions using equation form; to write and solve direct proportions using cross products. *7 5A Proportions and Unit Rates Online Objective(s): To rewrite a proportion to find a unit rate. *7 5B Graph Proportional Relationships Online Objective(s): To use the unit rate form of a ratio to graph the proportional relationship (use unit rate as slope). *7 5C Compare Proportional Relationships Online Objective(s): To compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 15

16 Maintain 7 6 Partitive Proportions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve partitive proportions by writing an equation; to solve partitive proportions by using the ratio of part to whole. 7 8 Scale Drawings and Scale Models TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use proportions to solve problems involving scale drawings; to use proportions to solve problems involving scale models; to find and use the scale factor to find missing dimensions. 7 9 Similarity TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine whether figures are similar; to use scale factors and to find missing dimensions in similar figures Trigonometric Ratios TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use the trigonometric ratios to solve for lengths of missing sides of a right triangle; to use the trigonometric ratios to solve for degree measures of missing angles of a right triangle Indirect Measurement TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find measures indirectly by applying the properties of similar figures; to find measures indirectly by using the trigonometric ratios. All Geometry formulas Perimeter and Missing Dimensions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use formulas to find perimeters of regular polygons; to find missing dimensions given the perimeter of a polygon; to investigate how changing the dimensions of a polygon affects the perimeter; to solve problems on perimeter and missing dimensions algebraically Area of Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To derive formulas for areas of triangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids; to use area formulas to compute areas of triangles; to use area formulas to compute areas of parallelograms; to use area formulas to compute areas of trapezoids; to find the area of a regular polygon Circumference and Area of Circles TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To use formulas to find the circumference a circle; to use formulas to find the area of a circle; to find the radius of a circle when the circumference is given; to find the radius of a circle when the area is given; to find the diameter of a circle when the circumference is given; to find the diameter of a circle when the area is given; to find lengths of arcs and areas of sectors of circles Area of Complex Figures TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the area of irregular shapes involving polygons and circles Area and Missing Dimensions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find missing dimensions given the area of a polygon; to investigate how changing the dimensions of a polygon affects the area. Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 16

17 Maintain 10 7 Coordinate Plane and Polygons TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To graph polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply perimeter formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply area formulas to polygons on a coordinate plane; to apply the Pythagorean Theorem to polygons on a coordinate plane; to determine whether three points are collinear without graphing. *10 7A Apply Pythagorean Theorem Online Objective(s): To apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To visualize the surface area of prisms and cylinders from nets; to find lateral area of cylinders; to find lateral area of prisms; to find surface areas of prisms; to find surface areas of cylinders Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To visualize the surface area of pyramids and cones from nets; to find lateral area of pyramids; to find lateral area of cones; to find surface areas of pyramids; to find surface areas of cones Volume of Prisms and Cylinders TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of prisms; to find the volume of cylinders; to compare and contrast the volume of prisms and cylinders Volume of Pyramids and Cones TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of pyramids using formulas; to find the volume of cones using formulas; to find unknown dimensions of pyramids given their volume; to find unknown dimensions of cones given their volume. *12 6A Compute Missing Dimensions of Three Dimensional Figures Online Objective(s): To apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real world and mathematical problems in three dimensions Volume of Spheres TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find the volume of spheres by formula; to find the radius of a sphere given its volume Similar Three Dimensional Figures TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To find linear dimensions of similar three dimensional figures; to find the surface area of similar three dimensional figures; to find the volume of similar three dimensional figures Effect of Changing Dimensions TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To determine the effect of changing linear dimensions of a three dimensional figure on its surface. Skills Update XIX. Perimeter and Area of Rectangles Skills Update SB pp Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 17

18 Maintain Measurement and Conversions Conversion Factors and Measurement Systems TE pp B; SB pp / PB pp Objective(s): To solve measurement problems using rate formulas; to rename metric units of measure using conversion factors; to rename customary units of measure using conversion factors. Skills Update XIV. Metric System of Measurements Skills Update SB pp XV. Customary System of Measurements Skills Update SB p. 411 Tables for Measure Measurement Conversions SB p. 438 Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 18

19 Vocabulary DIOCESE OF ALLENTOWN MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR GRADE 8 GR. SADLIER FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRA, GRADE 8 angles, sides, edges, faces, vertices of 2 and 3 dimensional figures hour, minute 2 52 addends, sum 2 21 minuend, subtrahend, difference 2 14 odd, even 2 16 twice 2 51 estimate 2 54 Congruent 2 12 < symbol for less than, > symbol for greater than x symbol for Multiplication 2 between 2 22 closest symmetric 2 polygon triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, square, rectangle rectangular array (for multiplication) 3 congruent Similar figures Commutative property Associative Property ounce, pound, ton gram, kilogram liter cup, pint, quart, gallon hour, minute, quarter hour, half hour estimate is an answer reasonable 3 13 dozen 3 65 kilometer, meter, centimeter, millimeter miles, yard, foot, inch expanded notation 3 92 Celsius, Fahrenheit 3 89 degrees (temperature) numerator, denominator 3 3 multiples 3 8 factor, product 3 8 dividend, divisor, quotient 3 20 probability (random) angle, right angle, acute angle, obtuse angle perimeter area Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 19

20 Vocabulary DIOCESE OF ALLENTOWN MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR GRADE 8 GR. SADLIER FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRA, GRADE 8 rotate, flip, slide a geometric figure expression 4 2, 28 value 4 7 variable 4 64 prime, composite 4 6, 406 point, line, line segment, ray intersecting lines, parallel lines perpendicular lines volume mass, weight equivalent fraction 4 6 simplify a fraction 4 6 common denominator Greatest Common Factor (GCF) 4 6 Least Common Multiple (LCM) 4 8 pyramid vs. triangular prism acre diameter, radius Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene Triangles 5 46, 413 symmetry lines, rotational symmetry bias in a sample set order of operations 5 28 ordered pair coordinate plane ratio, proportion, rate, unit rate 6 5 percent positive and negative numbers Rational Number 6 2 Integer 6 2 opposite 6 2 absolute value 6 2 quadrants in coordinate plane 6 158, 414 exponents 6 24 coefficient 6 66 Distributive property 6 19 equivalent expressions 6 68, 97 inequality 6 96 independent and dependent variables area, surface area, volume 6 25, 28, 413 right rectangular prism Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 20

21 Vocabulary DIOCESE OF ALLENTOWN MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR GRADE 8 GR. SADLIER FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRA, GRADE 8 nets of 3 dimensional figures measure of center of data: mean (average), median, mode measure of variability of data: interquartile range, absolute mean deviation billion units of measurement: feet miles acres square meters light years cm km mm elapsed time biased sample precise probability stem and leaf plot unit rate, constant of proportionality 7 4 proportional simple interest 7 173, 290 tax, markup, markdown, gratuity, commissions percent increase, percent decrease, percent error 7 223, 226 Commutative Property, Associative Property, Distributive Property, Inverse Property, and Identity Property additive inverse 7 19, 50, 69 estimation 7 12 scale drawing supplementary, complementary, vertical and adjacent angles population, sample inference variability, mean absolute deviation 7 probability, relative frequency, uniform probability, sample space function table common ratio closed curve (polygon) 7 cube (power of 3) 7 24, 318 Irrational numbers square root, cube root 8 44 Scientific Notation 8 41 Slope 8 36 linear equation like terms simultaneous linear equations 8 66 intersection of 2 lines relation, function, linear function, nonlinear function Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 21

22 Vocabulary DIOCESE OF ALLENTOWN MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR GRADE 8 GR. SADLIER FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRA, GRADE 8 rate of change initial value increasing function, decreasing function properties of dilations, rotations, reflections and translations 8 166, 168 transversal 8 284, 286 Pythagorean theorem bivariate data 8 52 clustering, outliers relative frequency 8 344, 346 Copyright William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. *Online at progressinmathematics.com. 22