Explain the significance of using a computer programming language. Describe the basic template of the Monogame framework.

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2 I can Explain the significance of using a computer programming language. Describe the basic template of the Monogame framework.

3 A series of steps (actions) performed in a specific order Specifies The ACTIONS to be executed The ORDER in which these actions are to be executed

4 Example Making a PBJ Sandwich Rise and Shine Algorithm Rise and Shine Get out of bed Take off pajamas Take a shower Get dressed Eat breakfast Father School Supplies Get a ride to school

5 A combination of English and computer language designed to present a program design Shows the steps involved in solving a problem on the computer that combines an algorithm with partial computer code **outline/rough draft of code.a form of pre-planning**

6 English = confusing language & not specific Words with same spellings (lead the verb vs lead the metal) Phrases with multiple meanings ( break a leg ) Computer Languages invented Straight forward Each word/instruction has one role

7 Are.. PRECISE (no ambiguity) and PERFECT (spelling and order)

8 Uses the C# programming language Monogame has many prebuilt program components Sounds Images Game Pad Keyboard Text Color Game Loop

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15 // single line comment /* <comment> */

16 Benefits Others can read and comprehend purpose of your code Finding Errors Remind you of the purpose of each set of code so in a day, a week, a month, a year, etc you will still remember its purpose Requirements You WILL BE required to comment ALL of your code

17 Programming Language used in Monogame Has concepts similar to all programming languages One new change (for students who have only taken Intro in VB) = all statements of code end in a semicolon ; Signifies the end of the line No semicolon means the computer will assume that the line below is a continuation of the instruction from the preceding line

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19 5 Methods in the Skeleton to be programmed 1. Initialize 2. LoadContent 3. UnloadContent 4. Update 5. Draw

20 Runs ONE time Runs at Beginning of Game Every time the game Runs Ex: Reset scores Reset number of lives Reset Counter Reset Vector, Rectangle

21 Called once per game Load content into your game 3D models Textures Fonts Music Etc

22 Called once per game Will unload unneeded content from the game

23 The main portion of code Called frequently while game is running about 60 times per second All components that must be updated here Objects - Collision Detection Game World - Audio User Input - Variable Changes

24 Called frequently while game is running about 60 times per second Game will consistently redraw itself This method is ONLY for redrawing the screen, variables beyond those related to drawing should be handled and updated in the Update method

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26 I can... Explain the purpose of variables and objects. Explain the differences between variables and objects. Declare, Initialize, and Assign variables and objects.

27 Data Types: types of data (values) a program can hold 1.Variables 2.Objects

28 The name of a LOCATION in the computer s RAM Stores single piece of information Mailbox Has an address (location) Holds one piece of information

29 byte holds numeric values int holds a positive or negative integer value double holds any number (decimal) char holds a single character string holds line a text bool holds true or false value

30 Counter Score Health Speed Location Time Lives Remaining The possibilities are endless!

31 1. Must START with a letter (upper or lower case) 2. Can include letters, numbers, and underscores (_) 3. Any length 4. Name is CASE SENSITIVE 5. Name should relate to purpose in program

32 1. high_score 2. _hello 3. red1 4. 1red 5. Player#1 6. game-time 7. Counter7 8. main_stage 9. playerone 10.redIntensity!

33 1. high_score 2. _hello 3. red1 4. 1red 5. Player#1 6. game-time 7. Counter7 8. main_stage 9. playerone 10.redIntensity!

34 All variables must be 1. Declared 2. Initialized

35 Defines the Variable gives it a type and gives it a name Type the type of variable Identifier unique name for variable <type> <identifier>; Ex: int score; byte red;

36 Gives the variable a starting value Identifier unique name for variable = sign What should be saved in the variable location <identifier> = <value>; Ex: score = 10; red = 0;

37 Defines and gives the variable a value Type Identifier = sign What should be saved in the variable location Declaration <type> <identifier> = <value>; Ex: int score = 10; byte red = 0; Initialization

38 1. A integer variable called age that holds your age. 2. A Boolean variable called answer that holds the value true 3. A String variable called firstname that holds your first name 4. A double variable called score1 that will hold a value of 30.5

39 1. A integer variable called age that holds your age. a) int age = 25; b) age = 25; c) int age = 25; 2. A Boolean variable called answer that holds the value true. a) bool answer; b) answer = true; c) bool answer = true; 3. A String variable called firstname that holds your first name. a) string firstname; b) firstname = Sarah ; c) string firstname = Sarah ; 4. A double variable called score1 that will hold a value of a) double score1; b) score1 = 30.5; c) double score1 = 30.05;

40 You can reassign the value of the variable at ANY time REWRITES what is saved at that location Original value = Erased Ex: int score = 10; score = 50; score = 20; **score will not remember that it was originally set to 10 or was set to 50 at some point it will only remember that it is currently set to 20.

41 Similar to variables Objects group together similar characteristics together all related, called parameters Store these characteristics together in memory Ex: Color object has a red value, a green value, and blue value Rectangle object has an x location, y location, width, and height Font object has a font family and size value GamePad object has a value for each button identifying if each button is pressed or released **there are MANY different types of objects too many to list and you can create your own as well!**

42 Defines the Object Type the type of Object (generally capitalized) Identifier unique name for Object <type> <identifier>; Ex: Color backgroundcolor; SpriteBatch sprite1; **Object Types has a first letter than is capitalized**

43 Gives the object values Identifier = sign new Type with parameter list (characteristics list) each object has a set order in which its characteristics should be entered Ex: in Color - the first number is the red intensity, second number is the blue intensity, and third number is the green intensity <identifier> = new <type>(<parameters list>); Ex: backgroundcolor = new Color(10, 40, 100);

44 Initialize Gives a singular initial value to start with Variables Instantiate Creates an instance of a class creates an object Objects have characteristics (properties) and actions (methods)

45 Defines the gives the object values Type Identifier = sign new Type with parameter list Declaration <type> <identifier> = new <type>(<parameters list>); Instantiation Ex: Color backgroundcolor = new Color(10, 40, 100);

46 Numerous Types Many Built It Color is one type Too many others to mention Can design our own objects as well Mario Kart Characters special item, image, sound, car, partner Wasn t built in the programmers had to design the object instead

47 1. A Color object named favorite that contains 3 byte parameter values: 40, 100, A Bug object named ladybug that contains 4 parameter of values: red, 7, 2.0, true 3. A Car object named CRV that contains parameter values: 987htg, 2006

48 1. A Color object named favorite that contains 3 byte parameter values: 40, 100, 200 a) Color favorite; b) favorite = new Color(40, 100, 200); c) Color favorite = new Color(40, 100, 200); 2. A Bug object named ladybug that contains 4 parameter of values: red, 7, 2.0, true a) Bug ladybug; b) ladybug = new Bug( red, 7, 2.0, true); c) Bug ladybug = new Bug( red, 7, 2.0, true); 2. A Car object named CRV that contains parameter values: 987htg, 2006 a) Car crv; b) crv = new Car( 987htg, 2006); c) Car crv = new Car( 987htg, 2006);

49 What do you think is the difference between a local and global variable/object?

50 Where you declare the variable/object affects where this variable/object can be used or changed

51 Defined in the Game1 Class at the top of the program Can be used throughout entire program (in all methods) Benefits: accessed from anywhere in program Disadvantages: could be accidentally changed unintentionally in another method

52 Defined in method where being used Can be used ONLY within the method where it is defined defined Benefits: less likely to be accidentally changed Disadvantages: cannot be accessed from elsewhere in the program if needed.

53 Local: term bubbler Used LOCALLY in Wisconsin Elsewhere unknown Global: term hello Known throughout globe as a greeting Different cultures/societies recognize this term

54 Global variables DECLARED for the entire game at the beginning of the program can be used by ALL methods Local object declared inside the draw method and can therefore ONLY be used in the draw method

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57 I can Explain the purpose of a class. Define and provide examples of a method. Label and locate variables, objects, classes, and methods. Explain the connection between a class, object, and method. Explain how classes and methods are like an office building.

58 A template for an object Characteristics list Methods (actions) the object can complete

59 Characteristics of Kodu Health Speed Emotion Invisible Size Color Actions of a Kodu Move Shoot Eat Jump Express Anger

60 Generic Kodu Class template from which all Kodu objects are created All Kodu have the actions (methods) listed in the Kodu class that they can DO All Kodu will have characteristics but these characteristics will vary as each Kodu is different with different characteristics

61 Many already created and built into Monogame Game1 GraphicsDevice Color SpriteBatch GamePadState Keyboard. Can build own as well

62 Numerous characteristics We decide these variables/objects globally defined 5 Methods (actions!) Initialize Load Content Unload Content Update Draw

63 Action an object of the class can run Mini Program with a specific task Ex: In the GamePad class Method called GetState this method will get the state of all the setting of the game pad (buttons, joystick, triggers, etc) and will send these states back to the program

64 Variables and Objects (the information) a method needs to know in order to complete the action and do its job Ex: The GetState method from the GamePad class Takes in one parameter the pad you want to find the state of Without this information, the method will not know what to find the state of

65 Using the dot method <class name>.<method name>(parameter list); (generally how a method call will look in Monogame)

66 GamePad.GetState(Player.One); Keyboard.IsKeyDown(keys.B); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.green); Keyboard.GetState(); Note, no parameters Intersection.(Rectangle1, Rectangle2) Note, multiple parameters

67 Create a Moodlight program for Space Use Will run the code to light a panel on the wall Colors will appear to the astronauts in space as you program them to appear

68 Select Monogame Windows Project Save as MoodLight Hide all Comments

69 What happens? Why do you think this happens?

70 **under draw method** GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Base.Draw(gameTime); GraphicsDevice.Clear Draws the Blue Screen! Base.Draw calls the Draw Method to run

71 GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); o GraphicsDevice = class o.clear = calls the clear method in the GraphicsDevice class o Color.CornflowerBlue = parameter taken in by the clear method takes in a Color object and clears the screen to the color provided

72 GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Color.CornflowerBlue = preprogrammed Color object Try to change it to another color, what did you do?

73 Color object named: backgroundcolor - Only needs to be accessed by Draw - Define LOCALLY in Draw - Initialize so all red, green, blue values 0 3 Parameters red, green, blue(order MATTER)

74 protected override void Draw(GameTime gametime) { } Color backgroundcolor = new Color(0, 0, 0); GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor); base.draw(gametime);

75 Color takes in 3 parameters 3 BYTE values, in order representing the red intensity value, green intensity value, and blue intensity value Alter red, green, blue intensities to change color (range in values of 0 255) Color(red, green, blue) Try to create colors record color combinations! Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Purple, Orange Experiment!!!

76 What if we wanted to individually change each red, green, and blue intensity value?

77 Red, Green, Blue Intensity: - Need to update in update method - Use to draw background color - Want to use in update AND draw method - Define GLOBALLY - Only take values so byte type

78 After class of Game1 Defined define the following: byte red = 0; byte green = 0; byte blue = 0;

79 protected override void Draw(GameTime gametime) { } Color backgroundcolor; backgroundcolor = new Color(red, green, blue); GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor); base.draw(gametime);

80 protected override void Update(GameTime gametime) { if(gamepad.getstate(.)exit(); red++; green++; blue++; } base.update(gametime);

81 Update makes changes to the game components Draw Uses these updates to redraw the background BOTH RUN 60 TIMES PER SECOND

82 Fill in the handout with pictures and Notes as you Go Classes and Methods are just like how a business office would run!

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84 Each class is ONE Office with employees and resources

85 Each employee has a job or Action they are assigned to do. Each employee in an office represents a Method because in Method in a class has a very specific job to perform.

86 1) Each time Mr. Draw s is called and his phone rings, he is told to do his job. 2) Mr. Draw s job first requires him to go to the table, and find the values of the three colors on the desk. NOTE: Mr. Draw represents the Draw Method in our current Moodlight project we are working on. **compare to our code** 3) Next, he must call Ms. Clear (another employee/method in the Graphic Device office/class) and give her the values over the phone so she can clear the screen to the correct color. Once done, Mr. Draw sits down and waits for his next call.

87 protected override void Draw(GameTime gametime) { } Color backgroundcolor; backgroundcolor = new Color(red, green, blue); GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor); base.draw(gametime);

88 Each time Mrs. Update is called and her phone rings, he is told to do her job. NOTE: Mrs. Update represents the Update Method in our current Moodlight project we are working on. **compare to current code** Mrs. Update s job requires her to access the 3 color values on the table, update the values (in the case of our program, add one to each value). Once done, Mrs. Update sits down and waits for her next call.

89 protected override void Update(GameTime gametime) { red++; green++; blue++; } base.update(gametime);

90 Special note about Mr. Draw and Mrs. Update: in our Moodlight program, they are called to do their job every sixtieth of a second.

91 The three values on the table: red, green, and blue are all values that Mr. Draw, Mrs. Update, and any other employees in the office can change or use. As a result, these represent the global variables/objects of our program the variables/objects that all METHODS can access and change!

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93 I can Convert numbers between binary and decimal Use basic mathematics in a programming language. Define what the word assignment means in a programming language.

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95 s 1000s 100s 10s 1s

96 s 1000s 100s 10s 1s

97 s 2 4 8s 2 3 4s 2 2 2s 2 1 1s 2 0

98 Add together each power of 2 that is used to create the binary number! = is the same as 205 in our decimal number system

99 CONVERT THE FOLLOWING FROM BINARY INTO DECIMAL. 1) ) ) ) ) 111 7) ) )

100 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS! 1) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

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102 CONVERT THE FOLLOWING FROM DECIMAL INTO BINARY. 1) 17 5) 108 2) 40 6) 96 3) 64 7) 72 4) 29 8) 9

103 CHECK YOUR ANSWER 1) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

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105 Run the Program we created yesterday What do you notice happening?

106 Do you notice the program fades from black to white and then ABRUPTLY changes to black again?

107 red++; // green++; // blue++; What do you notice?

108 Remember red, blue, and green are BYTE variables something special is happening here To understand Byte s we need to understand binary!

109 Bit = 1 single 1 or 0 Byte = holds 8 bits! Byte biggest number: Convert this into decimal!!

110 = 255 in decimal When goes to But our byte value only looks at 8 bits So the value returns to 0 restarts the count! **This is why your color abruptly changes back to the beginning in your program!**

111 Integer: Double: +: = 9 -: 9 11 = -2 *: 2*3 = 6 +: = 5.5 -: = 2.5 *: 4*3.3 = 13.2 Some math behaves exactly as you expect!

112 Integer: Double: /: 14/4 = 3 % 14%4 = 2 (% = called modulus) /: 12.4/4 = 3.1 Some math does not behave as expected!!

113 Integer Math = Integer Answer Double Math (Decimal) = Decimal Answer / AND % BOTH NEEDED! / = # of times number goes in % = remainder after divide Can be decimal answer so modulus not needed

114 Integer Math: Double Math (Decimal): 16/5 = 16.0/5.0 = 16%5 =

115 1) 12.5/6 = 2) 16/4 = 3) 16/5 = 4) 16%5 = 5) 25/9 = 6) 25%9 = 7) 10%4 = 8) 16.0/6 = 9) 20%7 = 10) 62/8 =

116 1) 12.5/6 = ) 16/4 = 4 3) 16/5 = 3 4) 16%5 = 1 5) 25/9 = 2 6) 25%9 = 7 7) 10%4 = 2 8) 16.0/6 = ) 20%7 = 6 10) 62/8 = 7

117 P E M/D % A/S

118 *If two integers, assume integer mathematics* 1) 4*(3 6)^ ) 0.5*6(18%4)^ ) 16/4*5/10*6%7 4) 5*4 17% /5*10 2^2 5) 48/(4-6)^ %5*2

119 1. num++; 2. num--; 3. num += 3; 4. num *= 2; 5. num /= 5; 6. num -= 6;

120 1. num++; 2. num--; 3. num +=3; 4. num *=2; 5. num /=5; 6. num -=6; num = num + 1 num = num 1 num = num + 3 num = num*2 num = num/5 num = num - 6

121 1. num++; 2. num--; 3. num += 3; 4. num *= 2; 5. num /= 5; 6. num -= 6; num = num + 1 num = num 1 num = num + 3 num = num*2 num = num/5 num = num

122 When we store a value in a variable! Symbol: = THIS = IS NOT LIKE THE EQUALS SIGN IN MATH.IT MEANS ASSIGNMENT!!!

123 Used to Assign (and rewrite) variable values The value on the right is ASSIGNED to the value on the left Ex: int number; number = 4; number = 4*5 6; assignment reassigned 14 = number; invalid number + 5 = 6; invalid

124 int num1; int num2; num1 = 4 + 5; print num1; num2 = num1; print num2; num1 = num1 + 1; print num1; num2 = num1 + num2; print num2;

125 Trace the following int x; int y; int z; x = 3*4 2; y = x 6; z = x + y x = z*3 y = x + z z = x 10 x = y 10 At the End of this program what are the values of x, y, and z equal to?

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127 I can Evaluate boolean expressions Use conditional statements in game design

128 A graphical representation of an algorithm (or portion of an algorithm) All actions are connected with arrows to show the flow of action 3 different control structures to represent different types of flow 1) Sequential 2) Selection 3) Repetition

129 Sequential (Linear) ONE flow **basic programs**

130 Selection (Decision) Split at Decisions - multiple paths Single selection: If Then Double selection: If Else Multiple Selection: If ElseIf Else

131 Repetition (Looping) repeat code Game Loop: Update & Draw Repeated 60 times a second! (We won t code looping automatic in game design!)

132 An expression that evaluates to: TRUE or FALSE Used to make DECISIONS in code Based on comparisons using relationship operators (next slide)

133 !=!= NOTE: EVALUATE TO TRUE OR FALSE!!!

134 TRUE OR FALSE: 1) x y > 0 2) 4*y == 30 3) y/x!= z 4) 22% 5 > 1 5) x*z >= y*z 6) z < 2*2 6 7) y*z!= 5*(-4) 8) 27%7 <= 5

135 TRUE OR FALSE: 1) x y > 0 False 2) 4*y == 30 False 3) y/x!= z True 4) 22% 5 > 1 True 5) x*z >= y*z True 6) z < 2*2 6 False 7) y*z!= 5*(-4) False 8) 27%7 <= 5 False

136 Single Selection Statements: If Then Flow Chart

137 If (<Boolean condition>) { <action 1>;. <action n>; }

138 ARE THESE VALID LINES OF CODE?!? X = 4 Y = -3 Z = 2 1) If (x*z > =5) 2) If( x + y + z ) 3) If( x*y = -12) 4) If(x*y!= z) 5) If( x*y > 0) { x = y + 4; } 6) If (z > 0) { z = x*y }

139 ARE THESE VALID LINES OF CODE?!? X = 4 Y = -3 Z = 2 1) If (x*z > =5) Valid 2) If( x + y + z ) Invalid 3) If( x*y = -12) Invalid 4) If(x*y!= z) Valid 5) If( x*y > 0) Valid { x = y + 4; } 6) If (z > 0) Invalid { z = x*y(;) }

140 Now: Double Selection Statements If Else Flow Chart:

141 If (<Boolean condition>) { <action(s) when True>; } Else { <action(s) when False>; }

142 When MORE than 2 possibilities If If Else Else Statements Flow Chart (complicated ) Will check conditions until finds FIRST condition it meets then skips remainder of conditional.

143 If (<first boolean condition>) {<first action(s)>;} else if(<second boolean condition>) {<second action(s)>;} else if(<third boolean condition>) else {<nth action(s)>;}

144 If (r > 80) {Print B ;} else if(r > 70) {Print C ;} else if(r > 90) {Print A ;} else {Print Need Improvement ;} Data a) r = 75 b) r = 55 c) r = 94 d) r = 82 e) r = 10

145 Count Up Hit 255 Count Down Hit 0 Come up with an algorithm for how we could repeat this for our mood light!

146 Use a new type of variable to track if counting up or down! bool redcountup When redintensity reaches 255 redcountup set to false When redintensity reaches 0 redcountup set to true When redcountup True increase redintensity, otherwise decrease

147 After define and initialize byte variables: bool redcountup = true; (can declare and initialize in the same line!)

148 protected override void Update(GameTime gametime) { if(gamepad.getstate(.)exit(); red++; remove this line green++; blue++;

149 if(red == 255) { redcountup = false; } if(red == 0) { redcountup = true; }

150 } if(redcountup == false) { red++; } Else { red--; } base.update(gametime);

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152 I can Describe the game loop and trace through code mimicking the game loop.

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