1. The process of writing computer instructions using programming language is called _PROGRAMMING/ CODING

Transcription

1 1. The process of writing computer instructions using programming language is called _PROGRAMMING/ CODING 2. After writing the codes, you must COMPILE it so that it will be translated into instructions (codes) that are understood by the machine. 3. What are the functions of a compiler? Translate source code into machine codes (executables) 4. What is the difference between C language and machine code? - C language is easily understood by humans; machine code use binary (0 and 1) - more difficult to understand Describe briefly the meaning of 'portability' in computer programs? The computer program can be run/executed in different platform/environment/os. 6. Give three examples of computer programming environment. 1) Linux 2)Ubuntu 3)Windows 4) Mac 5)Android 6)BSD 7. Describe Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Command Line Interface (CLI). Give one example of C compiler for each of the interface type. GUI - use icons/images for command - use mouse/other pointing device - user-friendly (easier for humans to understand) - example: CodeBlocks; DevC++; MS Visual C CLI - use text as command - use keyboard - more suitable for advanced user; must memorize command - example: GCC; MingGW 8. What is a preprocessor directive? Name two of the most common one. C command/statement/instruction that are executed before the program is linked. Two common directives: #include #define 9. Briefly describe a 'comment', and name the types of comments in C. Compare them. Any instruction that are IGNED BY THE COMPILER. Very useful as self-documentation. Two types: block comment (/* */); - can span/extend/include to several lines - useful to describe the purpose and details of program (story-telling mode) line comment (//) - for one line only - more suitable for labelling 10. What is the command you need to write in Ubuntu terminal to: a. Compile a C file named 'test.c' gcc test.c b. Compile 'test.c' and name the output file as 'test.out' gcc test.c -o test.out ---- (1) gcc - o test.out test.c ---- (2) c. Run/ execute the default output file./ a.out d. Run/execute an output file named 'test.out'./. test.out 11. Write C statements to do the following tasks: 1

2 a. Include the header stdio.h #include <stdio.h> b. Insert the header file named math.h and string.h #include <math.h> #include <string.h> c. The main function int main ( ) return 0; d. Declare two variables that hold integer values named num1 and num2. int num1, num2; --- (cara 1) int num1; int num2; --- (cara 2) e. Declare a variable for the initial letter of a name. char cname; f. Declare variables to hold two floating-point values and an integer. double fa, fb; int ic; g. Declare a variable to store the sum of students' marks and initialize it to 0.00 float fsummarks = 0.00; h. Initialize integer variable exponent to 1. int exponent = 1; i. Increase variable min by 1 (either one of the : below) min = min + 1; -- (1) min ++; -- (2) - (unary operator) ++min; -- (3) - (unary operator ) min += 1; -- (4) j. Decrease variable max by 1 (either one of the below: ) max = max - 1; max --; -- max; max - = 1; k. Increase the value of total_resistance by adding 20 total_resistance = total_resistance + 20; ATAU total_resistance + = 20; l. The value of population is increased by multiplying with (n + 130) population = population * (n + 130); ATAU population * = (n + 130); //COMPOUND OPERAT m. Print the message ***This is not an error*** printf ( "***This is not an error***"); 2

3 n. Prompt the user to enter three letters. printf ("\nplease enter three letters : "); o. Prompt the user to guess a number. printf ("\nguess a number : "); p. Read three integers from the user and store them in inum1, inum2, inum3 respectively. scanf (" %d %d %d ", &inum1, &inum2, &inum3 ); scanf (" %d ", &inum1); scanf (" %d", & inum2); scanf (" %d", & inum3); q. Get an input of the type double named as dscore. scanf (" %f ", &dscore); r. Display the following message: Today is Monday. Tomorrow is Tuesday. The next day will be test day. printf ("Today is Monday.\nTomorrow is Tuesday.\n\tThe next day will be test day") ; printf ("Today is Monday \n"); printf ("Today is Tuesday\n"); printf ("\tthe next day will be test day"); s. Print the message "The value of x and y is" followed by the float variable named ftotal. printf ("The value of x and y is %f", ftotal); t. Let dsalary and dbonus be variables of the type double. Print the values of the variables and also their total sum in the format " = ". printf ("\n %.2f + %.2f = %.2 f ", dsalary, dbonus, dsalary + dbonus ) ; 12. Write C statements to display: a. A floating point value of variable fohm in 3 decimal places. printf ( " %.3f ", fohm); b. A message that the student's grade is cgrade. printf ("\n Your grade is %c ", cgrade); 13. Write the following expressions in C statement a. fcurrent = m n 20 fcurrent = m n /20 ; b. i = i = (3 + y) / 2 ; c. displacement = 3t + 5 displacement = 3 * t + 5; d. dpop = 2 dpop = 2 - ( (2 - t) / (2 * t) ) e. max 50 max >= 50 3

4 f. count 30m count!= (30 * m) g. grade = C or grade = c (grade = = 'C') (grade = = 'c') h. 0 x < 100 (x >= 0) && ( x < 100) i. iindex = 500 iindex = = Write a complete C program based on the pseudo code below (Note: You may need to add additional statements that are crucial for the program to run/execute). Start i. Read two integers from the user, named iinput1 and iinputb -- scanf (" %d %d ", &iinput1, &iinputb); ii. Multiply iinput1 with 5, and store the result in ia. -- ia = iinput1 * 5; iii. Add ia to iinputb, and store the result in ifinal. -- ifinal = ia + iinputb; iv. Display the result of ifinal. -- printf ("Result is %d ", &ifinal); End #include <stdio.h> int main( ) int iinput1, iinputb, ia, ifinal; printf ("\nenter two integers : "); scanf ("%d %d ", &iinput1, &iinputb); ia = iinput1 * 5; ifinal = ia + iinputb; printf ("\n Result is %d ", ifinal); return 0; 15. Write a complete C program based on the pseudo code below (Note: You may need to add additional statements that are crucial for the program to run/execute). Start i. Initialize max to 0, count to int max = 0, count = 1; ii. Read quantity of number (iqty). -- scanf (" %d ", &iqty); iii. For count from 1 until iqty, do: -- for (count = 1; count < = iqty ; count ++) 1. Read an integer, inum. -- scanf ("%d ", &inum); 2. Compare inum with max. If inum max, assign the value of inum into max. -- if (inum >= max) max = inum; 3. End of for iv. Display the value of max -- printf ("\n Max is %d", max); End #include <stdio.h> int main( ) int iqty, max = 0, count = 1, inum; printf ("\nhow many numbers you want to input? "); scanf ("%d ", &iqty); for (count = 1; count < = iqty ; count ++) printf ("\n Enter a number : "); scanf ( "%d", inum); if (inum > max) max = inum; 4

5 //end of for printf ("\n Max is %d ", max); return 0; 16. Write a complete C program based on the flow chart below (Note: You may need to add additional statements that are crucial for the program to run/execute). start Initialize sum = 0 and cresponse = 'Y' float sum = 0; char cresponse = 'Y'; scanf ("%f ", finput); enter any number (finput) Can also be written as : sum + = finput printf ("\n To continue, enter Y "); scanf ( "%c ", &cresponse ); sum = sum + finput Prompt user to continue or not (cresponse) All this is put inside the body of the 'while ' //this is a loop (goes back up), so // use while or do..while while (cresponse == 'Y' ) cresponse = 'Y'? False True Display sum printf ("\n Sum = %f ", sum); End #include <stdio.h> int main( ) float sum = 0; float finput; char cresponse = 'Y'; while (cresponse == 'Y') printf ("\nenter a number: "); scanf ("%f ", &finput); sum += finput; printf ("\nmore number to add? If yes, enter Y. "); scanf ("%c", cresponse); printf ("\n The total sum is %.2f", sum); 5

6 return 0; 17. Write C statements for the following tasks: a. If mark is at least 50, display "You Passed". Otherwise, display the message "You failed". if (marks >= 50) printf ("\nyou Passed"); printf ("You Failed"); b. If weight is more than 80 kg, category is 'Obese'. If weight is between 60 kg - 80 kg, category is 'Heavy'. Other than that, category is 'Normal'. Use integer 1 for normal, 2 for heavy and 3 for Obese. if (weight > 80) category = 3; if (weight > 60) category = 2; category = 3; c. If current_in is less than 100, add it into less_total. Else, add it into more_total. if (current_in < 100) less_total += current_in; more_total += current_in; d. Repeat the message "Welcome" in 10 lines. for (x = 1; x <= 10; x ++ ) printf ("\nwelcome"); e. Use repetition to display the number 10, 20, 30,, 100. if (current_in < 100) less_total = less_total + current_in; more_total = more_total + current_in; x = 1; while (x <= 10) printf ("\nwelcome"); x ++ ; for (num = 1; num <= 10; num ++ ) ans = num * 10; printf ("\n%d", ans); **Can also use while or do-while for (num = 1; num <= 10; num ++ ) printf ("\n%d", num * 10); f. While there is more number, add the number into sum. while (more!= 0) // 0 is always used as false scanf ("%f ", &num); sum += num; 6

7 18. Rewrite the following code segment using switch..case. if ( node == 15) curvalue += 5; Count++; if (node == 40) curvalue *= 1.5; Count++; curvalue -= 2; switch (node) case 15 : curvalue + = 5; Count ++; case 40 : curvalue * = 1.5; Count ++; default : curvalue -= 2; 19. Rewrite the following code segment using switch..case. if (grade == 'A') printf ("Very good"); if (grade== 'B') printf ("Good"); if (grade == 'C') printf ("Moderate"); switch (grade) case 'A' : case 'B' : case 'C' : default : printf ("Very good"); printf ("Good"); printf ("Moderate"); printf("try harder!"); printf ("Try harder!"); 20. Rewrite the following code segment using for. x = 100; while ( x < 4000) Count ++ ; Add = Count * x; x += 150; for (x = 100; x < 4000; x += 150) Count ++; Add = Count * x; 21. Rewrite the following code segment using for. cycle_number = 1; while ( cycle_number < 100) printf ( "\ncurrent cycle number: %d ", cycle_number); cycle_number *= 2; for (cycle_number = 1; cycle_number < 100; cycle_number *=2) printf ( "\ncurrent cycle number: %d ", cycle_number); 7

8 22. What is the output of the following code segments: ib = 10; while ( ib < 50) itry = ib * 10; printf ( "\nnow is number: %d ", itry); ib += 5; Solution: To trace your program, make a table ib Number of itry (ib * 10) Output loop/cycle Now is number Now is number Now is number Now is number Now is number Now is number Now is number Now is number (loop ends because ib is now 50) 50 < 50 is false. So, the answer is (output): Now is number 100 Now is number 150 Now is number 200 Now is number 250 Now is number 300 Now is number 350 Now is number 400 Now is number 450 8