EXAMPLES OF DATA LISTINGS AND CLINICAL SUMMARY TABLES USING PROC REPORT'S BATCH LANGUAGE

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1 EXAMPLES OF DATA LISTINGS AND CLINICAL SUMMARY TABLES USING PROC REPORT'S BATCH LANGUAGE Rob Hoffman Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. Abstract PROC REPORT Is a powerful report writing tool which can easily create simple tables and data listings. The more experienced user can develop more sophisticated summary tables by grouping data by one or more variables, specifying statistics in your table, computing a new variable for your table and customizing report headers. This paper will illustrate some of the features of PROC REPORT at an introductory level, as well as, demonstrate some techniques to generate more complicated summary tables. Introduction PROC REPORT can be used as an alternative to DATA NULL statements, PROC PRINT or PROC TABULATE procedures to produce customized data listings and summary tables. The output from PROC REPORT is much more flexible and offers more options than PROC PRINT. DATA NULL statements give you complete control of the -output; however. it is not very flexible to change to column display order. PROC REPORT can compute the same statistics as PROC TABULATE. The difficulty is getting the output in an acceptable form, as is often the case with PROC TABULATE. Data Listings Data listings suitable for Clinical study reporting can be produced with PROC REPORT in a short amount of time. The procedure begins with a PROC REPORT statement. Two options for this statement are shown below. The HEADLINE option prints a dashed line between the headers of the columns and the data. The SPACING option specifies the number of blank spaces between each column of the output. Next, the COWMN statement lists the variables included in the output in order from left to right. A DEFINE statement describes how a variable is displayed in the output. There should be a DEFINE statement for each variable in the COLUMN statement. The variables can be displayed in different ways. If each occurrence of a variable is listed in the output, then it is a DISPLAY variable. If only the first occurrence of a variable Is to be listed, then it is an ORDER variable. The data for this variable is sorted by PROe REPORT before It Is outputted even if it wasn't sorted in the data step. The justification Oeft, right or center) of the data for each column can also be specified. The column width Is specified with the WIDTH option and a format can be assigned to the data. To center data in the column, specify a format for the data with the CENTER justification. The format tells PROC REPORT how many columns the data will require so it can center the data. The code below produced the output in fig.1. PROC REPORT HEADLINE SPACING=4; COLUMN PATIENT DATE RES A; DEFINE PATIENT I ORDER CENTER 'Patient' WIDTH=7 FORMAT=1.; DEFINE DATE I DISPLAY CENTER 'Date' DEFINE RES A / DISPLAY CENTER 'Result' WIDTH=6 FORMAT=4.1; Fig. 1 Patient Date Result 1 07/01/ /03/ /05/ /01/ /05/ /09/ /03/ /05/ /07/

2 Pharmaceuticallnduslry In the example In fig. 2. a header is placed over multiple columns. This is done in the COWMN statement. Parenthesis surrounds all variables which are to be placed under the header. The label for the header is specified and a dashed line is positioned under the header for the entire width of these columns. There is no need to count the number of spaces of the columns. The correct number of dashes Is used to cover all the columns under the header. Blank lines are inserted after every patient with the BREAK statement. PROC REPORT HEADUNE SPACING=3; COLUMN PATIENT DATE (Results' '-' RES A RES B); - DEFINE PATIENT / ORDER CENTER 'Patient' WlDTH=7 FORMAT = 1.; DEFINE DATE / DISPLAY CENTER 'Date' WIDTH=B FORMAT=MMDDVY.; DEFINE RES A / DISPLAY CENTER 'A' WIDTH=4 FORMAT=4.1; DEFINE RES B / DISPLAY CENTER 'B' WlDTH=4 FORMAT=3.1; BREAK AFTER PATIENT I SKIP; Fig. 2 variable begins with the COMPUTE statement as shown below. Statements that are normally used in the data step can be used to create the new variables. Variables that are to the left of the current column in the COLUMN statement can be used since they are already defined in PROC REPORT. After the variable Is created, the ENDCOMP statement ends the block of computing code. The code below produced the output in Fig. 3. PROC REPORT HEADLINE SPACING=2; COLUMN PATIENT DATE ('Results' ' ' RES A RES B RES); - DEFINEPATIENT / ORDER CENTER 'Patient' WIDTH=7 FORMAT = 1.; DEFINE DATE / DISPLAY CENTER 'Date' DEFINE RES A / DISPLAY CENTER 'A' WIDTH=4 FORMAT=4.1; DEFINE RES _ B / DISPLAY CENTER 'B' WIDTH=3 FORMAT=3.1; DEFINE RES I COMPUTED CENTER Total' WIDTH=5 FORMAT=4.1; COMPUTE RES; RES = RES A + RES B; ENDCOMP: - - BREAK AFTER PATIENT / SKIP; Results Fig. 3 Patient Date A B 1 07/01/ /03/ /05/ /01/ /05/ /09/ /03/ /05/ /07/ One unique advantage with PROC REPORT is that the procedure can be used to create variables. They are called COMPUTED variables and are defined as such in the DEFINE statement. They must appear in the COLUMN statement. The block of code to create a Results Patient Date A B Total 1 07/01/ /03/ /05/ /01/ /05/ /09/ /03/ /05/ /07/

3 Summary Tables Summary tables are created by using summary statistics and by displaying the data in different ways. See the example below. The HEADSKIP option in the PROC REPORT statement skips a line between the header and the data in the table. The DEFINE statement for the DATE variable defines it as a GROUP variable. A GROUP variable consolidates all the data observations for each occurrence of that variable into a summary statistic observation. Usually, these variables are used first in the COWMN statement and are displayed down the left side of the table. The CONCEN variable is defined as an ACROSS variable. This Is the same as the GROUP variable except that its values are printed across the top of the table. The label of the CONCEN variable has an underline character before and after it. This prints an underline over all the columns that are under the concentration variable (see fig. 4). Also there is a 1 which puts a blank line after the concentration label. The n, mean and standard deviation are calculated from the RES A variable. An alias must be assigned to each statistic to differentiate them from each other in the DEFINE statements. This is done in the COLUMN statement. Each statistic is defined with an alias name and as an ANALYSIS variable. The labels have a /" before the label so a blank line is skipped before the label in the header. The COLUMN statement lists the ACROSS variable and statistic variables separated by a comma. The comma instructs the procedure to print the variables within the parenthesis under each value of the ACROSS variable. The alias for each statistic Is defined with an equal sign after the variable name. When using an ACROSS variable for columns that need to be included in a COMPUTE block, the Cn notation must be used. This designates which columns are used in the computations. For example the third variable in the table is C3 n. You must take columns that are not printed in the table into account when using this notation. The code produced the output in fig. 4. PROC REPORT HEADLINE HEADSKIP SPACING =2; COLUMN DATE CONCEN,(RES A=RESN RES A=RESMEAN RES A;RESSTD) TOTAL; - DEFINE DATE I GROUP CENTER 'Date' DEFINE CONCEN I ACROSS CENTER '_ConcentrationJ 'WlDTH=5 FORMAT=$5.; DEFINE RESN I ANALYSIS N CENTER' In' WIDTH=1 SPACING =4 FORMAT=1.; DEFINE RESMEAN I ANALYSIS MEAN CENTER' Imean' WIDTH =4 FORMAT=4.1; DEFINE RESSTD I ANALYSIS STD CENTER, Istcf WIDTH=4 FORMAT=4.2; DEFINE TOTAL I COMPUTED CENTER' /Total' WIDTH=5 FORMAT=1.; COMPUTE TOTAL; TOTAL = C2 + C5; ENDCOMP; The next example calculates percentages. Percentages can be difficult to calculate. Variables that are to the left of the current variable in the COLUMN statement can be used in the computations. In the COLUMN statement below there is a variable N that counts the number of observations in the data set. This wdi be used for the denominator in the percentage calculation. The variables NUMO and NUM10 were assigned outside of PROC REPORT. NUMO equals 1 If the value of RES A Is less than or equal to 10 and 0 otherwise,,conversely, NUM10 is 1 if RES A is greater than 10 and 0 otherwise. Each variable is added within PROC REPORT to get the appropriate total for each cell in the table. This will serve as the numerator in the percentage calculations. In the COLUMN statement below there are four types of variables. There is DATE as a GROUP variable, CONCEN as an ACROSS variable, NUMO and NUM10 as ANALYSIS variables and PERO, PER10 and TOTAL as COMPUTED variables. The code below produced the output In Fig. 5; PROC REPORT HEADLINE HEADSKIP SPACING =3; COLUMN DATE CONCEN N ('1- < = 10 --II' NUMO PERO) ('1-- > 10 -II' NUM10 PER10) TOTAL; DEFINE DATE I GROUP CENTER 'Date' DEFINE N I NOPRINT; DEFINE CONCEN I GROUP CENTER 'Concentration' WIDTH = 13 FORMAT=$5.; DEFINE NUMO / ANALYSIS SUM CENTER 'N' WIDTH=5 FORMAT=l.; DEFINE PERO I COMPUTED CENTER '%' WIDTH =5 FORMAT=5.2; DEFINE NUM10 / ANALYSIS SUM 'N' 470

4 WIDTH=5 FORMAT = 1.; DEFINE PER10 I COMPUTED CENTER '%' WlDTH=5 FORMAT=5.2; DEFINE TOTAL I COMPUTED CENTER 'Total' WIDTH=5 FORMAT=1.; COMPUTE PERO; PERO = lcs_ IN) ; ENDCOMP; COMPUTE PER10; PER10 = lc7_1 N) * 100; ENDCOMP; COMPUTE TOTAL; TOTAL = C5 + C7; ENDCOMP; BREAK AFTER DATE I SKIP; Conclusion The REPORT procedure is a powerful and dynamic report writing tool. Its many features particularly useful in the production of data listings and summary tables are illustrated in this paper. Counting columns is no longer necessary as in the DATA NULL statement. With PROe REPORT simply rearrange the variables in the COLUMN statement. Based on past experience. PROC REPORT. has offered not only greater productivity. but also sufficient flexibrity and versatdity. Once the basic understanding of how this procedure works is attained, report writing is left to the creativity and imagination of the user. SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc. Cary. NC. USA. 471

5 Fig. 4 Concentration' % 0.1% Date n mean std n mean std Total 07/01/94 07/03/94 07/05/94 07/07/94 07/09/ Fig.S 1-- < I 1- - > Date Concentration N % N % Total /01/ % % /03/ % % /05/ % % /07/ % % /09/ % %