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1 Subject index Symbols /* */ comments // NotReached...358!! (sic) A abort with error equivalent to C crashing accuracy , 131, also see numerical accuracy.ado file...12 ado-files, writing Mata code for , accessing Stata s data , changing Stata s dataset displaying results executing Stata commands handling errors modifying Stata s data obtaining all variable names parsing placement of Mata function , private Mata function , returning results Stata interface functions structuring of code working with Stata macros, scalars, matrices working with Stata s metadata working with views approved source directory , , 261 args() function argument...see function argument arithmetic operators ASD...see approved source directory assert() function assert Stata command assigment operator associative array , , 348 firstval() , 348 key() , 348 keys() , 348 nextval() , 348 B boolean type...see macroed type, boolean C C and C++, difference from Mata C() function...72, , 408 certification file , , , , 321, 360, comparison with validation for ado class , , , , , :: prefix to call external function , 233 calling external function constructor function creation deletion destroy() user-written function

2 424 Subject index class, continued do not document (DND) member , 364 freeing of memory function shadowing inheritance , final member function shadowing polymorphism virtual function when to use , instance definition.. see structure, instance definition macroed type new() user-written function no member variable pointer private and public members , protected members setup() user-written function super prefix this prefix class eltype class -> operator classname() function Code numeric type..see macroed type, Code code, self-threading.. see self-threading code colon operators cols() function column-join operator , colvector orgtype comment, nested complex eltype , complex value.. 22, 71 72, 78, compound quote character conj() function , 405 constant constructor function...see class, see structure, see J() function cross() function , crossdev() function D decrement operator derived type...see macroed type design document formula sheet , 207 notes shortcomings summary development process , idea DND...see class, do not document (DND) member do-file containing Mata code for scientific research double-bang comment E element types... see variable type eltype eltype() function , error() function expr... see expression expression , 62 97, see also constant assignment E notation literal base , 71 base , 217 complex , missing value missing values with complex numeric , 217 string operator precedence operators (void) cast...97 = assignment , negation

3 Subject index 425 expression operators, continued + addition subtraction * multiplication / division ^ power increment decrement == equality , 167!= inequality , 167 < less than <= less than or equal to > greater than >= greater than or equal to & logical and logical or ! logical negation ? : conditional (ternary) [] element-and-list subscripts [ ] range (submatrix) subscripts , matrix transpose , 405 \ row join , 80 81, column join , :+ elementwise addition :- elementwise subtraction :* elementwise multiplication :/ elementwise division :^ elementwise power :== elementwise equality :!= elementwise inequality :< elementwise less than :<= elementwise less than or equal to :> elementwise greater than :>= elementwise greater than or equal to expression operators, continued :& elementwise logical and : elementwise logical or row count vector...80, 82 :: column count vector..80, 82 & address (pointer) of , 94 96, * pointer dereference , 94 96, > structure dereference > class dereference F factorial() function Filehandle type...see macroed type, Filehandle final member...see class, inheritance formula sheet , 207, 254 Fortran...47, 56, 58 free() C and C++ function function argument , , 412 difference in treatment between Mata C and C output , overloaded , , , passthru , varying number arguments...46 body...47 break statement continue statement...57 do statement...50 do while statement...50, expression...see expression for statement function statement goto statement if statement looping construct...see function, do while statement, see function, do statement, see function, while statement

4 426 Subject index function, continued program body...46 return statement returnedtype...46 returning void structure of...46 syntax virtual...see class, inheritance while statement H hello, world...9 I I() function...25 if statement...see function, if statement Im() function , 408 increment operator inheritance...see class, inheritance initialization of variables, default instance, definition integer value interactive mode invorder() function invsym() function , 259 issymmetric() function J J() function...26 K key...see associative array L length() function...25 library...see Mata library linear-regression example , list subscript lmbuild command lnfactorial() function logical operators lr*() function luinv() function M macroed type boolean Code Filehandle for classes for structures idiosyncratic Ocode Ordinal malloc() C and C++ function Mata comparison with C and C++ programming languages description...2 difference from C and C library building , , 261.mata file...10, , , 158 Mata Reference Manual...1 matastrict , 149, matrix orgtype matrix, view...85 mean() function member function... see class member variable... see class, see structure missing value...65.mlib file , also see Mata library erasing mreldif() function , 366 N name conflict , , 313 n choose k() function example packaged as ado-file packaged as do-file packaged as Mata library routine not-reached comment NotReached

5 Subject index 427 null vector and matrix numeric eltype , numerical accuracy , , , , , matrix balancing O operators... see expression operators order() function Ordinal numeric code type...see macroed type, Ordinal organizational types.. see variable type orgtype overloaded function...see function argument, overloaded P passthru variable , permutation matrix permutation vector pointer eltype pointers , , 247, , 417 advanced use , 417 arithmetic is not allowed conserving memory , declaration differences from C and C element of vector or matrix to create 3-dimensional arrays to function value , polymorphism... see class, inheritance pragma program... see function programmer, serious programming, semicolon line end character project to-do list...see double-bang comment Q quadcross() function...205, quadcrossdev() function quote character R range subscript , rcof Stata command Re() function , 408 real eltype , real value...22, closest to zero...22 missing values...22 range range of precise integer...131, 133 range of precise integers...22 round() function row-join operator , rows() function rowvector orgtype S scalar orgtype self-threading code , semicolon, use to indicate end of line set matastrict...see matastrict set rmsg , 360 sort() function sorting data matrices source directory...see approved source directory sparse-matrix example , use with views Stata..see ado-files, writing Mata code for storage type...see variable type strict setting...see matastrict string eltype string value...22, 24, 72 73, string, differences from C and C struct...see structure struct eltype

6 428 Subject index structure , , , * operator & operator accessing member adding member variable assignment common error constructor function containing other structure defining instance definition macroed type pointer returning scalar subscripting testing equality use of transmorphic vector and matrix structure -> operator submatrix subscript , subscript switch and case C functions symmetric matrix how to code T ternary conditional operator test *.do file , , timer() function timing code detailed overall , 360 to-do list for project.. see double-bang comment tolerance , 217 traceback log , 106 transmorphic , use with classes transmorphic eltype transpose() function trunc() function type...see variable type U uninitialized value table variable V validation variable initialization, default instance, definition passthru , type , , , see also eltype, see also macroed type, see also orgtype complex omitted partial real...22 string vector orgtype vector, permutation... see permutation vector version statement and number view matrices...see matrix, view virtual function.. see class, inheritance void and void casting...97, X X notation , 217

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