LDScript : a Linked Data Script Language

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1 LDScript : a Linked Data Script Language Olivier Corby, Catherine Faron-Zucker, Fabien Gandon Université Côte d'azur Inria, I3S, UNS, CNRS olivier.corby@inria.fr

2 Context RDF: Semantic Web of Linked Data SPARQL: Query RDF graph Focus: SPARQL extension functions for computing LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 2

3 Computing? Find resources whose income is greater that n!?income >= factorial(?n) Find a function name associated to a resource and call it funcall(?fun,?x) Define a formula and share it among queries area = width * length Deal with exotic datatype "XIX"^^dt:roman + "I"^^dt:roman Define extended aggregate aggregate(?income) as?list median(?list) as?median LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 3

4 prefix fun: <function://fr.inria.sparql.extension> select * where {?x us:income?inc filter (?inc >= fun:fac(10)) package fr.inria.sparql; class Extension { public Datatype fac(datatype dt) { return Datatype.create(fac(dt.longValue())); LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 4

5 prefix fun: <function://fr.inria.sparql.extension> select * where {?x us:income?inc filter (?inc >= fun:fac(10)) package fr.inria.sparql; class Extension { public Datatype fac(datatype dt) { return Datatype.create(fac(dt.longValue())); long fac(long n) { if (n == 0) { return 1; else { return n * fac(n-1); Needs to be compiled and linked LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 5

6 prefix fun: < select * where {?x us:income?inc filter (?inc >= fun:fac(10)) function fun:fac(?n) { if (?n = 0, 1,?n * fun:fac(?n 1)) No Compiling, nor Linking LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 6

7 Requirements for LDScript Language Define SPARQL extension function SPARQL compliant as much as possible Manipulate RDF and SPARQL entities Execute SPARQL query in function Facilitate SPARQL extension No API, no cast, no compiling, no linking LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 7

8 Research Questions Is it possible to define a Linked Data Script Language on top of SPARQL? Is it possible to share the same core SPARQL interpreter? LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 8

9 Solution LDScript language on top of SPARQL Filter LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 9

10 SPARQL Filter Constant: 2.718, true, " "^^xsd:date Variable:?x,?y,?z,?t Expression:?x + 1,?x = (10 *?y) /?z,?t >= 3.14 Connector:! (?x < 0?y = "Keynes" ) && Graph match: exists {?x a us:scriptlanguage If then else: if (?deficit <=.03, true, true) Function call: regex(?uri, ".*cnrs"), us:fac(?n) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 10

11 SPARQL Filter LDScript Extension Constant: 2.718, true, " "^^xsd:date Variable:?x,?y,?z,?t Expression:?x + 1,?x = (10 *?y) /?z,?t >= 3.14 Connector:! (?x < 0?y = "Keynes" ) && Graph match : exists {?x a us:scriptlanguage If then else: if (?deficit <=.03, true, true) Function call: regex(?uri, ".*cnrs"), us:fac(?n) Function: function us:fun(?x) { 1 / (?x *?x) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 11

12 LDScript Function function LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 12

13 LDScript Function function us:fac LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 13

14 LDScript Function function us:fac(?n) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 14

15 LDScript Function function us:fac(?n) { LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 15

16 LDScript Function function us:fac(?n) { if (?n = 0, 1,?n * us:fac(?n 1)) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 16

17 LDScript Function function us:fac(?n) { if (?n = 0, 1,?n * us:fac(?n 1)) Manage variables in a stack LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 17

18 LDScript SPARQL Filter Function Definition LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 18

19 LDScript Statements SPARQL Filter Function Definition 1. Let 2. For 3. Query 4. Pattern Matching 5. Second Order Function 6. Lambda Expression LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 19

20 Let let (?y = us:foo(?x)) { us:bar(?y) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 20

21 For for (?x in xt:list(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) { xt:display(?x) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 21

22 Query in Let function us:circlearea(?x) { let (query) { body LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 22

23 Query in Let function us:circlearea(?x) { let (select?x?r where {?x us:radius?r ) { body LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 23

24 Query in Let function us:circlearea(?x) { let (select?x?r where {?x us:radius?r ) { ( *?r *?r) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 24

25 Query in Let: variable binding function us:circlearea(?x) { let (select?x?r where {?x us:radius?r ) { ( *?r *?r) #?x = v LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 25

26 Query in Let: variable binding function us:circlearea(?x) { #?x = v let (select?x?r where { values?x { v?x us:radius?r ) { ( *?r *?r) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 26

27 Query in For for (query) { body LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 27

28 Query in For for (select?x?y where {?x foaf:knows?y ) { xt:display(?x,?y) Iterate?x and?y on every query solutions LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 28

29 Query in For for (?t in construct where {?x foaf:knows?y ) { xt:display(?t) Iterate?t on triples of the result graph LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 29

30 Pattern Matching for ((?s,?p,?o) in?graph) for ((?var,?val) in?map) for ((?a,?b) in?listoflist) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 30

31 Literal Extension Datatypes (New) prefix dt: < 1. dt:list 2. dt:graph 3. dt:triple 4. dt:mappings 5. dt:mapping LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 31

32 Second order functions Function whose first argument is an expression that returns a function 1. funcall funcall(?fun,?x,?y) 2. apply apply(?fun,?list) 3. map map(?fun,?list) 4. reduce reduce(rq:plus,?list) (New) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 32

33 Lambda Expression (New) Declaration of an anonymous function lambda(?x) { 1 / (?x *?x) Call of an anonymous function maplist( lambda(?x) { 1 / (?x *?x),?list) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 33

34 SPARQL Extension with LDScript Custom Aggregate Values with Expression SPARQL with Recursion LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 34

35 SPARQL Custom aggregate select (aggregate(?x) as?list) (ag:median(?list) as?med) where { function ag:median(?list) { xt:get(xt:sort(?list), xt:size(?list) / 2) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 35

36 SPARQL Values with Expression construct {?s?p?o where { values (?s?p?o) { unnest(xt:load(?uri)) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 36

37 SPARQL with Recursion Count descendants on the woman side LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 37

38 SPARQL with Recursion select?x (count(?y) where {?x us:child?y.?y a us:woman group by?x as?c) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 38

39 SPARQL with Recursion function us:pattern(?x) { let (select?x (count(?y) where {?x us:child?y.?y a us:woman group by?x) {?c as?c) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 39

40 SPARQL with Recursion function us:pattern(?x) { let (select?x (count(?y) + sum(us:pattern(?y)) as?c) where {?x us:child?y.?y a us:woman group by?x) {?c LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 40

41 Validation: Implementation Implementation: Corese Semantic Web Factory LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 41

42 Validation: Application SHACL validator (with STTL) Day of date Roman to decimal and converse Fibonacci, factorial, sort, standard deviation, etc LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 42

43 Validation: Benchmark function us:fib(?n) { if (?n<=2, 1, us:fib(?n-1) + us:fib(?n-2)) LDScript IDatatype fib(idatatype dt) { Java if (dt.le(datatype.two).booleanvalue()){ return Datatype.ONE; else { return fib(dt.minus(datatype.one)).plus(fib(dt.minus(datatype.two))); fib(35) = nb function call: Java : s LDScript : s 25,6 M funcall / s 10,3 M funcall / s LDScript = 2.5 Java LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 43

44 Conclusion Script Language on top of SPARQL filter SPARQL extension function Second order function Query in function Recursive query Pattern matching Custom aggregate LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 44

45 Perspective Linked functions Method attached to class, inheritance Type checking Two implementations Leverage performance LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 45

46 Perspective Linked functions (done) Method attached to class, inheritance Type checking Two implementations Leverage performance LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 46

47 Perspective Linked functions (done) Method attached to class, inheritance (done) Type checking Two implementations Leverage performance LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 47

48 Method LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 48

49 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:rectangle LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 49

50 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:circle function us:area(?x) { LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 50

51 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:circle function us:area(?x) us:rectangle function us:area(?x) { LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 51

52 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:circle function us:area(?x) us:rectangle function us:area(?x) { method(us:area,?f) LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 52

53 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:circle function us:area(?x) us:rectangle function us:area(?x) { method(us:area,?f) -- a Circle LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 53

54 Method us:circle rdfs:subclassof us:figure us:square rdfs:subclassof us:circle function us:area(?x) us:rectangle function us:area(?x) { method(us:area,?f) -- a Square, a Rectangle LDScript: Linked Data Script Language 54

LDScript: a Linked Data Script Language

LDScript: a Linked Data Script Language Olivier Corby (0000-0001-6610-0969), Catherine Faron-Zucker (0000-0001-5959-5561), and Fabien Gandon (0000-0003-0543-1232) Université Côte d Azur, Inria, CNRS, I3S,