Introduction to Systems and Network Management

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1 Introduction to Systems and Network Management Shang Juh Kao Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Tel: x sjkao@cs.nchu.edu.tw 1

2 This course will cover the followings: 0. Overview (snm_introduction) 1. TCP/IP network protocols (tcpip_brief and ipv6_brief) 2. SNMP, MIB, RMON, (snmp_brief_1, 2 & 3) 3. Homework, Project, and Discussions 2

3 Overview Monitor, Control, and Report System manager required for every enterprise Systems and network management includes all aspects of management and administration tasks Understanding fundamental systems and network operations Be familiar with some management tools Exercising existing system management 3

4 NM Users Requirements Controlling corporate strategic assets effective control of network & computing resources Controlling complexity continued growth of devices, users, applications & protocols Improving service users expect better service with increased resources Balancing various needs must assign and control resources to balance various needs Reducing downtime more users and applications depend on availability Controlling costs effective resource utilization in order to control costs 4

5 Management Functional Areas (MFAs) Fault Management detection, isolation and correction of abnormal operations Configuration Management identify managed resources and their connectivity, discovery Accounting Management keep track of usage for charging Performance Management monitor and evaluate the behavior of managed resources Security Management allow only authorized access and control FCAPS 5

6 Fault Management concerned with: providing a reliable networking environment ensuring that the systems as a whole, and each essential component individually, are in proper working order redundant components and routes can be used to increase fault tolerance when a fault occurs, the manager should be able to: determine exactly where the fault (i.e., abnormal condition) is isolate the rest of the network from failure reconfigure or modify the network for continued operation repair or replace the failed components to restore the network 6

7 Configuration Management concerned with: initializing a network & shutting down part or all of the network maintaining, adding and updating the relationships among components monitoring the status of components during network operation the network manager should be able to: startup and shutdown operations on a network identify the components that comprise the network (discovery) change the connectivity of the components (possibly as a result of network upgrade, fault recovery or security checks) detect changes in the network configuration 7

8 Accounting Management concerned with: keeping track of the usage of network resources charging the use of network resources monitoring the end-user activities for possible abuse, for suggesting better usage to users and for network planning the manager should be able to: specify the kinds of accounting information to be recorded at various nodes specify the algorithms to be used in calculating the charging generate accounting reports 8

9 Performance Management concerned with: providing an efficient communication environment monitoring and analyzing the performance of the components making proper adjustments to improve network performance the manager should be able to: determine the capacity utilization, throughput, the average and worstcase response times monitor and gather data on the activities of components analyze the gathered data and assess performance levels determine the sources of performance problems & fix them use the performance stats for future network planning 9

10 Security Management concerned with: providing a secure networking environment preventing hacking, illegal and unauthorized access managing information protection and access-control facilities the manager should be able to: generate, distribute and store encryption keys maintain and distribute passwords and other authorization or accesscontrol information monitor and control access to networks collect, store and examine audit records and security logs enable & disable the logging facilities 10

11 Network Management Systems A network management system (NMS) is a collection of tools for network monitoring and control based on the manager-agent paradigm the manager sends mgmt requests to one or more agents an agent performs the requested operation and returns results when agents detect faults and they report to the manager NMS typically provides a GUI through which most or all management tasks can be performed Many commercial and freely available NMSs exist: HP OpenView, IBM NetView, Sun Net Manager, etc. research prototypes from CMU, MIT, UC Davis, U. of Twente, etc 11

12 Basic Terminologies of NMS Manager vs agent Polling-driven trap Network management station (NMS) --- be careful of the use of NMS, Managed device (network node) or Managed object (MO, or MIB object) SNMP for protocol, SMI for specifying managed objects in ASN.1 format, and MIB for management information base Simple operations read, write, and trap Scalar or tabular objects Protocol data unit (PDU) 12

13 Management Platform Administrator Workstation Collect, organize & interpret Operational Data mgmt requests/replies event reports Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Observation & Control 13

14 Elements of an NMS Network control host (manager) Server (agent) NMA NME Appl NME Appl Comm OS Comm OS Router (agent) Workstation (agent) Networks NME NME Comm OS Appl NMA = network management application NME = network management entity Appl = application Comm = communications software OS = operating system Comm OS 14

15 Network Management Entity (NME) NME is a collection of software devoted to the network management tasks is typically known as an management agent Each NME performs the following tasks collects statistics on communications and network-related activities stores statistics locally responds to commands from the network manager, including commands to: transmit collected stats to network manager change an attribute value provide status information generate artificial traffic to perform a test. 15

16 Network Mgmt Application (NMA) NMA is a collection of software for performing network monitoring and control is typically known as network manager NMA provides an operator interface to allow an authorized user to manage the network NMA responds to user commands by displaying information and/or issuing commands to NMEs Standard protocols (e.g., SNMP, CMIP) are used to manage a multivendor network there may be more than one NMA in a large network which can lead to the need of a hierarchy of managers (e.g., top level manager, middle level managers, etc.) 16

17 NM Software Architecture User Presentation Software interfaces between user and NM software a unified user interface desirable includes graphical tools to display summarized NM information Network Management Software a set of NM applications (configuration, performance, etc.) a set of application elements (alarm handling, logging, etc.) NM data transport service Communication and Database Support Software local Management Information Base (MIB) access module communications protocol stack (e.g., TCP/IP, OSI) to interact with remote agents and managers 17

18 Architectural Model of NMS Unified user interface Presentation of network management information to users Network management application... Network management application application element application element application element... Network management data transport service MIB access module Communication protocol stack Management Information Base Managed networks 18

19 Distributed Network Management Resources to be managed are widely distributed widespread use of departmental LANs need for local control & optimization of distributed applications Hierarchical NM architecture desirable distributed NMSs are given limited access for network monitoring and control of departmental resources top-level NMS has a global access rights and the ability to manage all network resources Benefits of Distributed NM NM traffic overhead is minimized - traffic is localized Dist. mgmt offers greater scalability use of multiple NMSs eliminates the single point of failure 19

20 Typical Dist. Mgmt System Architecture Management clients (PCs, workstations) Network Management server Management server Management application MIB Management application MIB Network Element manager Element manager Network resources (servers, routers, hosts) with management agents 20

21 Proxy Agents Managed resources may have various mgmt interfaces some with different mgmt protocols (e.g., OSI vs. SNMP, XML vs. SNMP) some with proprietary mgmt interfaces (e.g., older systems) small systems not capable of possessing NME (e.g., modems) Proxy agents are used to manage these devices managers use standard protocols to communicate with proxies proxy agents use proprietary protocols to communicate with proprietary devices proxy agents perform translations between managers and proprietary devices an agent to the manager and a manager to proprietary devices 21

22 Proxy Agent Architecture Management application Proxy Agent Proprietary management interface Client stub Server stub Client proxy stub Server proxy stub Protocol stack Protocol stack Protocol stack Protocol stack Standard operations and event reports Proprietary operations and event reports 22

23 Standard Management Frameworks Internet Network Management Framework (IETF) SNMPv1 (Internet Standard) SNMPv2 (Internet Standard) SNMPv3 (Internet Standard) OSI Network Management Framework (ISO/ITU-T) CMIP (X.700 Series) Telecommunication Management Network (ITU-T) TMN (M.3000 Series) Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) DMI, CIM, WBEM 23

24 Summary Network Management Requirements Users Requirements Functional Requirements (FCAPS) Network Management Systems Network Management Entity (NME) Network Management Application (NMA) NMS Software Architecture Distributed Network Management Proxy Agent Standard Management Frameworks READ Chapter 1 of Stallings book 24

25 Useful Internet Resources USENET News Groups comp.protocols.snmp info.snmp comp.dcom.net-management Web Sites

26 Are you ready? 1. To learn about the operations of TCP/IP 2. To grasp the fundamental SNMP management operations 3. To experience practical management tasks 4. To implement a simple network management tool 26

SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Network Management The network management is to Monitor the network Ensure the operations over the network are functional Assure the network works efficiently An