Hands-on deep dive into roaming and mesh performance. This seminar took place on 18-Jul-2018 at octoscope s San Jose office.

Transcription

1 Hands-on deep dive into roaming and mesh performance This seminar took place on 18-Jul-2018 at octoscope s San Jose office.

2 Hands-on deep dive into roaming and mesh performance 2 What s the secret of good wireless coverage? Overprovisioning of APs and extenders? Proper operation of a wireless mesh? Band steering and roaming of the stations? In this seminar we show what the latest testing reveals about common AP/extender systems, such as Netgear Orbi and Google Wifi. We look in-depth at the roaming, mesh, band steering and load balancing test methods. Our presenters are acclaimed wireless test experts from SmallNetBuilder.com, dot11 Labs and octoscope. The tests they demonstrate were performed in the octobox personal testbed and in a test house.

3 Tim Higgins SmallNetBuilder.com 3 Tim Higgins spent a few decades as an engineer and manager in the automatic test equipment industry. This taught him how to make products tell their secrets, which he now shares via SmallNetBuilder.com. For almost 20 years, Tim has been setting the standard for test, analysis and review of consumer Wi-Fi and other networking products. His work has been cited by Bloomberg Business, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Computerworld, Forbes and other leading publications.

4 Dennis Bland db Performance 4 Dennis Bland, President of db Performance, has been involved in WLAN technology since 2001, with ten years of WLAN fast-roaming and security experience. Dennis participated in the IEEE e and Wi-Fi Alliance WPS working groups, collaborated with Cisco in implementing CCX test plans, deployed an IEEE k/r/v software suite and performance test, and recently released an IEEE 1609 security stack for automotive applications. Prior to db Performance, Dennis worked in both hardware and software development roles at Devicescape, Wind River, and Nortel. Dennis is the sole inventor of three patents and has designed resonantcavity antennas and wide-bandwidth HDTV antennas as a side hobby.

5 Craig Smith dot11 Labs 5 Craig Smith, the Principal of dot11 Labs, is one of the Wi-Fi pioneers who has been working with Wi-Fi back when b was cutting edge technology. Craig s career includes wireless companies such as Intersil, 2Wire, Airgain and Xirrus. In 2016, Craig founded dot11 Labs, which specializes in Wi-Fi performance testing and offers a unique set of open-air and octobox test services.

6 Leigh Chinitz 6 Leigh Chinitz, Ph.D. has worked in the wireless and data communications field since 1993 with companies including Casa Systems, Cisco and Motorola. Prior to joining octoscope, he was a wireless strategist at the Casa CTO office. Leigh joined Casa from Cisco where he was a Wi-Fi Advanced Services Solutions Architect. His background includes Wi-Fi, UMTS, CDMA, femtocell, small cells and regulatory work with the FCC. He is a frequent speaker at industry conferences, and a contributor to the Wi-Fi Alliance, IEEE, TIA, and ITU standards development. Leigh has a BS in Physics from Yale, a Ph.D. and an MBA. He holds 20 US patents.

7 7 How is wireless device testing traditionally done?

8 8 Large, shielded anechoic chambers Pros: Cons: No interference from outside sources Repeatable measurements possible Measures antenna patterns (in 4π steradians) Large and expensive Complicated to use Shared among all engineers at one, or even multiple, locations

9 Walk-testing in a real environment 9 Pros Cons Cheaper and easier than using a chamber Gives a measurement of performance vs. range Gives a sense of performance in a real environment Extremely susceptible to outside interference Increasingly difficult to find locations without significant wireless Very difficult to get repeatable results Small changes in the environment will change the results

10 10 What if you could have the best of both worlds?

11 Physical Distance 11 Shielded from outside interference Performance in a real-world environment Measure performance vs. range Inexpensive Repeatable results Easy to use

12 RF Attenuation 12 Shielded environments Programmable Attenuation Multi-path emulation Interference Generation Inexpensive Repeatable results Easy to use

13 13 Meet the octobox

14 octobox Personal Testbed 14 Reduce wireless test time from weeks to hours Complete isolation and repeatable RF environment minimizes time-consuming open-air testing Automation accelerates data collection, improves test coverage and product quality Demonstrate highest achievable performance Ideal MIMO environment for highest possible throughput Supports latest technologies, such as 160 MHz ac, ax, MU-MIMO and Beamforming Qualify User Experience Emulate real-world challenges Programmable range of condition from best MIMO environment to challenging real-life impairments BOX-38 Multipath emulator BOX-18

15 The Pal 15 The Pal is a versatile Wi-Fi wave 2 test instrument that functions as an expert analyzer, traffic partner, virtual station emulator and a load generator for testing throughput, capacity and device functionality.

16 The superpal 5 synchrosniffing probes 3 Wi-Fi, 2 Bluetooth 5-probe tri-band expert analysis and monitoring 3 AP traffic partners 3 STA traffic partners 96 vsta (virtual station) traffic partners Processing subsystem quad-core ARM Cortex 64-bit 2 GHz Hexagon DSP engine Hexagon DSP engine Hexagon DSP engine 5 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Thread Bluetooth/Thread Synthesizer 11a/n/ac/ax 4x4 MIMO 160 MHz 8x8 MIMO 80 MHz 11b/g/n/ac/ax 4x4 MIMO Interference GbE 10 GbE Trigger Qualcomm Hawkeye QCN5054/QCN5024; Silicon Labs EFR32

17 octoscope Customers Operators Labs Chipset vendors Equipment vendors 17

18 MIMO-OTA MU-MIMO Throughput Forwarding rate Packet Error Rate Roaming Auto Channel Selection Data rate adaptation Association capacity Receiver performance MIMO = multiple input multiple output MU-MIMO = multi-user MIMO Tests Supported by the octobox Testbed Exponential number of tests vs. variables Range Orientation Multipath Interference Channel frequency Channel width (20/40/80/160 MHz) Motion Partner device (802.11a/b/g/n/ac) Number of partner devices Network load Data rate / Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) Adjacent Channel Interference Co-Channel Interference Bluetooth Baby monitor ZigBee Radar 18

19 Wireless Test Applications 19 Performance MIMO OTA throughput MU-MIMO gains Load testing Mesh, Roaming RX sensitivity User Experience Adaptation to impairments, such as path loss, interference, multipath, load Roaming behavior find sticky clients DFS (dynamic frequency selection)

20 20 camera Filtered data ports (Ethernet, USB, etc. Plastic rails and hardware Sub 6 GHz test antennas Plastic turntable octoscope s BOX-38 sub 6 GHz chamber

21 21 Sure, sure. Sounds great. But what about for more complicated wireless topologies?

22 22 BOX-26 You mean like this? BOX-18

23 23 Or this?

24 24 This?

25 25 How about this?

26 26 Interest in mesh system testing using the octobox has never been higher

27 27 Why, I wonder?

28 Why mesh (and other multi-ap solutions)? 28 The old days of pretty good, good enough coverage are over. Almost (?) everything is wireless now, and people care Coverage has to be everywhere, and to make that happen, companies are employing mesh and extender systems, implementing roaming, band steering, and load balancing.

29 Mesh / extender product examples 29 Nest Cam eero Google Luma Netgear AmpliFi TP-Link Linksys AirTies

30 Ethernet vs. mesh backhaul 30 Wired connection to each AP Traditional WLAN Mesh Mesh portal (Root) Wired links Mesh links Client links

31 Wireless backhaul topologies 31 Linear Star Full or partial mesh

32 4-node full mesh 32 Client can attach to any one of these nodes. All nodes are connected to all other nodes

33 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 4-node full mesh Pal 1:4 Pal 1 33 Pal 2 Pal 3 Pal root

34 Linear topology (aka string of pearls ) root 3 root

35 Star 2 root root

36 Partial mesh 2 root root

37 Mesh tests 37 Self-forming, self-healing Throughput vs. hops Load balancing Band steering

38 Self-forming, self-healing 38 1 Configure path losses for several possible paths through the mesh (e.g. between 1 and 3) and observe traffic flow adapt. 1 1 root 2 root 2 root

39 Throughput vs. 1 hop root

40 Throughput vs. 2 hops root

41 Throughput vs. 3 hops root

42 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 Band steering Pal 1 42 Pal 2 sniffer Pal 1:4 Associate the local Pal on 5 GHz to 4. Move the local Pal away from 4 by varying the quadatten. Watch to see whether 4 transitions the Pal to 2.4 GHz. Use the common Pal as the sniffer. Pal Pal 4 3

43 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 Load balancing Pal sniffer 1 43 Pal 2 sniffer Pal 1:4 3 Initially point all the STAs in 2 and 3 to 4, and isolate them from everything else. Then provide an equal or better path for all the STAs to 1. And crank up the load on 4 from its local Pal. See whether 4 will start kicking out STAs to send them to 1. Use the common Pal and the Pal local to 1 as sniffers. Pal Pal 4

44 44 Quick demo of basic capabilities

45 Roaming 45 Controls motion, velocity, pinging, graphical reporting

46 Meshing root

47 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 Measure 1-hop throughput by setting attenuators 12, 15, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, and 34 to 63dB Pal C:27:9E:90:00:C0 1:4 0 Hop Pal :f0:21:24:02: dB fixed GHz-08:02:8e:9b:23:5f 2.4GHz-0e:02:8e:9b:23:5d :02:8e:9c:36:d6 0e:02:8e:9c:36:d GHz - 08:02:8e:9b:fc:d9 2.4GHz -0e:02:8e:9b:fc:d root GHz b0:b9:8a:4d:53:e2 2.4GHz b6:b9:8a:4d:53:e0 Pal :f0:21:23:ff:c =20dB 4

48 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 Measure 1-hop throughput by setting attenuators 12, 15, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, and 34 to 63dB Pal C:27:9E:90:00:C0 1:4 1 Hop Pal :f0:21:24:02: dB fixed GHz-08:02:8e:9b:23:5f 2.4GHz-0e:02:8e:9b:23:5d :02:8e:9c:36:d6 0e:02:8e:9c:36:d GHz - 08:02:8e:9b:fc:d9 2.4GHz -0e:02:8e:9b:fc:d root GHz b0:b9:8a:4d:53:e2 2.4GHz b6:b9:8a:4d:53:e0 Pal :f0:21:23:ff:c =20dB 4

49 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 Measure 2-hop throughput by setting attenuators 12, 15, 21, 23, 25, 26 and 28 to 63dB Pal C:27:9E:90:00:C0 1:4 2 Hop Pal :f0:21:24:02: dB fixed GHz-08:02:8e:9b:23:5f 2.4GHz-0e:02:8e:9b:23:5d :02:8e:9c:36:d6 0e:02:8e:9c:36:d GHz - 08:02:8e:9b:fc:d9 2.4GHz -0e:02:8e:9b:fc:d root GHz b0:b9:8a:4d:53:e2 2.4GHz b6:b9:8a:4d:53:e0 Pal :f0:21:23:ff:c =20dB 4

50 50 Some other cool new stuff you will hear about today

51 smartbox 51 Ports used for attaching test devices Ports available for connections to other environments

52 1:4 smartbox 52 Instruments built into an octobox: - synchrosniff on 3 channels - Expert monitoring - Interference - vsta (96) Pal-24 Pal-5 Pal-5 igen GigE switch

53 smartbox plate 53

54 smartbox heat sink 54

55 smartbox installed 55

56 smartbox assembled 56

57 synchrosniffer 57 synchrosniffer probe synchrosniffer probe synchrosniffer probe

58 58 sniffer2 sniffer1

59 Two synchrosniffer probe view at client as it roams 59 Roaming packets Mesh node 1 Mesh node 2

60 Insight from the experts! 60 Craig Smith Dennis Bland Tim Higgins

61 Agenda 61 Introduction from octoscope Wi-Fi Roaming Secrets Revealed! Tim Higgins, Small Net Builder Looking at how roaming in Wi-Fi works. STAs are in control, but APs have a big influence. MESH Test in Open-Air and octobox Craig Smith, dot11labs Reviewing an extended open-air roaming test, where a bug was observed and then recreated in the octobox. A prototype smartbox and synchosniffer packet capture were used to isolate the issue. The bug fix was tested and confirmed in the octobox and open-air r Fast-Transition Demo Dennis Bland, db Performance r BSS Fast Transition, with Apple ipad roaming between two Cisco 1602 APs. Determine the precise roaming time between AP1 and AP2, using three octoboxes, two quadattens, and two Pals to capture traffic on different channels. octoscope's synchrosniffer will merge the packet captures into a single file to easily analyze roam time.

62 802.11r Fast- Transition Demo July 18, 2018 Contact: Dennis Bland

63 About db Performance 63 IEEE k/r/v and Cisco CCX software provider for embedded OEMs CCX pre-certification testing k/r/v protocol and performance testing IEEE 1609 security stack implementation p/DSRC C-V2X R14+ (peer-to-peer 5G) Wi-Fi Alliance Member and Cisco Solution Partner

64 802.11r Today 64 Becoming more important Multiple APs in the home consumers want seamless media connectivity New commercial markets (DSRC, trackside AP, IoT) But difficult to implement Network compatibility issues with legacy clients (see Apple Adaptive Roaming) Vendor-specific implementations of STA-side FT (Fast Transition) and k Possible conflicts with AP-side TM (Transition Management) No industry-standard performance test plan available Qualitative and quantitative testing is essential octoscope testbed for consistent, repeatable results and stress testing RF Air interface and MIMO capability allows for black box testing

65 1:2 Testbed Setup to Measure r Performance 65 AP Console - AP configuration - iperf endpoint Cisco 2504 WLAN Controller - PoE switch - DHCP server - RADIUS server Channel 36 capture Pal-5 Cisco 1602 AP1 Cisco 1602 AP2 DUT Box-26 Box-26 Legend: 3 dipole antennas 4x4 high gain antenna module 4 SMA connectors 4 RF cables 1 Ethernet cable octobox server - Pal Configuration - synchrosniffer - Wireshark Pal-5 Channel 48 capture Apple ipad Mini 2 Box-26 1:2 quadatten Data filter 4x4 MIMO 1:2 splitter

66 Test Procedure Configure AP1 quadatten with no attenuation and AP2 quadatten with 40 db attenuation, so that the DUT will initially favor AP1. 2. Associate DUT to AP1 using FT-802.1X with EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 authentication. 3. Configure DUT to send continuous multicast data packets at least every 10 msec. 4. Start packet capture on two Pals to monitor the respective AP1 and AP2 channels. 5. To simulate the roam event, configure the AP1 quadatten to increase attenuation by 2 db/sec, and configure the AP2 quadatten to decrease attenuation by 2 db/sec. 6. The test completes after 30 seconds, after which the capture files can be analyzed.

67 Test Results Using synchrosniffer, merge the packet capture files from both Pals into a single, high-accuracy time-synchronized.pcap file. 2. Using Wireshark, search for the reassociation request sent from the DUT to AP2. 3. Calculate the time between the reassociation request and the first multicast data packet sent from the DUT to AP2. This is the r roam time.

68 Wi-Fi roaming secrets revealed! 18 July 2018 Tim Higgins Smallnetbuilder.com

69 Agenda 69 Who Am I? What Will You See? Roaming Testbed Overview Live Demo Review of Other Test Captures Q & A

70 Who Is Tim Higgins? 70 Aka The SmallNetBuilder Guy 20+ years building big-iron mixed signal test systems 20+ years testing and reviewing consumer networking gear

71 What Are We Looking At Today? 71 STAs rule in Roaming, but APs matter too! How do APs influence the roam? 11k, v Deauths, disassociations Witholding, delaying probe responses

72 RF Splitter matrix 72 Test Console & Traffic Generator Ethernet (optional backhaul) Gigabit Switch Ethernet (LAN) Test Traffic The Testbed octobox anechoic RF chambers Box 2 - Hop 1 Atten 2 Box 3 - Root Atten 1 Atten 4 Atten 5 Atten 3 synchrosniffer Pal-24 Pal-5 STAs Pal-245 Windows STA Box 1 - Hop 2 Android Android STA AP / Mesh nodes go in Root & Hop 1 boxes Attens 4 & 5 are crossramped to roam STA Pal-24 & Pal-5 configured as synchrosniffer to capture all roaming mgmt frames synchrosniffer moves with STA; if the STA doesn t see it, it doesn t matter.

73 The Testbed 73 Samsung Galaxy Tab A 8" (2017 version SM-T380 octoscope Pals Windows STA: Lenovo M600 Win 10 Pro Intel Wireless-AC 8260 AP2 AP1

74 Why Pal For Roaming Test? 74 Configurable STA characteristics # MIMO streams type (a/b/g/n/ac) Channel Width Channel MCS rate And more! Predictable & Controllable roaming Roam Threshold (when) Roam Target Threshold (where) Band preference (where) 11v BSS Transition Mgmt request support

75 Why Pal For Roaming Test? - Controls 75

76 Why Pal For Roaming Test? - Monitoring 76

77 Why Pal For Roaming Test? - Log comparison 77 Windows & Android Timestamp STA status ( Connected only) IP address Associated BSSID Channel or frequency RSSI (dbm) for Android / Signal % for Windows Link Rate Atten 1 value Atten 2 value octoscope Pal Timestamp IP address STA status (associated, scanning, etc.) Associated BSSID Channel or frequency RSSI Tx Link Rate Rx Link Rate Roam status Roam scan channel Channel congestion Throughput Atten 1 value Atten 2 value

78 RoamingTest Sequence Start synchrosniffer packet capture 2. Set Attenuator 5 to 0 db, Attenuator 4 to a larger value. This ensures STA will connect to AP1. 3. Associate STA 4. Start traffic between AP and STA (optional) 5. Roam device to AP2 by increasing Atten5 and decreasing Atten 4 until set limits are reached. Log STA info (RSSI, channel) after each attenuator change. 6. Continue to monitor connection after roam to check for post roam band-steering or other changes 7. Reverse roam from AP2 to AP1 by decreasing Atten 5 and increasing Atten 4 8. Monitor post roam as above 9. Stop traffic 10.Stop synchrosniffer capture and save 11.Close STA log

79 RF Splitter matrix 79 Demo: Google WiFi w/ Pal-245 STA octobox anechoic RF chambers synchrosniffer Wi-Fi backhaul Gigabit Switch Box 2 - Hop 1 Atten 4 Pal-24 Pal-5 Unused attenuators are set to 63 db Atten 2 = 3 db STAs Box 3 - Root Pal-245 Atten 5 Test Console & Traffic Generator Ethernet (LAN) Test Traffic Atten 1

80 RF Splitter matrix Windows STA 80 Gigabit Switch octobox anechoic RF chambers Box 2 - Hop 1 Atten 2 = 3 db Box 3 - Root Atten 4 synchrosniffer APs in Root & Hop 1 Pal-24 boxes Pal-5 STAs Windows STA: Lenovo M600, Win 10 Pro, Intel Wireless-AC 8260 Test Console & Traffic Generator Ethernet (LAN) Test Traffic Atten 1 Atten 5 Windows STA STA data capture via SSH & netsh commands

81 RF Splitter matrix Android STA 81 Ethernet backhaul octobox anechoic RF chambers synchrosniffer AP / Mesh nodes go in Root & Hop 1 boxes Gigabit Switch Box 2 - Hop 1 Atten 2 = 3 db Box 3 - Root Atten 4 Pal-24 Pal-5 Android STA: Samsung Galaxy Tab A 8" (2017 version - SM-T380 1x1 11n) Test Console & Traffic Generator Ethernet (LAN) Test Traffic Atten 1 = 63 db Atten 5 Atten 3 = 0 db STAs Box 1 - Hop 2 Android Android STA Custom Android app used for STA telemetry Ethernet backhaul needed due to lower signal levels

82 Questions? 82????? Fire away!??????

83 Thank You 83 Thanks! For more roaming fun, see: Wi-Fi Roaming Secrets Revealed Wi-Fi Roaming Secrets Revealed - Part 2 Wi-Fi Roaming Secrets Revealed - Part 3

84 Mesh test in openair and octobox July 18, 2018 Craig Smith dot11 Labs

85 Who is Craig Smith? years of Wi-Fi Experience Employed by Intersil, 2Wire, Airgain & Xirrus Worked as Applications Engineer, FAE, Systems & QA Engineer Founded dot11labs in 2016 dot11 Labs is an octoscope test lab

86 Testing & Debugging a 2 Node MESH 86 Define a 5 minute multi-step open-air roaming test Observe sub-optimal performance with the Orbi MESH System Reproduce performance issue in octobox Collect packet capture using synchrosniffer & smartbox Upgrade Orbi Firmware and confirm fix

87 Devices Under Test 87 # Vendor Model Hardware Software 1 Netgear Orbi RBK40 RBR40, RBS40 (2 nodes) V & V Apple MacBook Pro n/ac 3x

88 Channels Under Test 88 Root Node MESH Node CH 157

89 89 Set-up Open-Air

90 Test House (Open-Air) 90 4,667 sqft. home Two levels Construction: Drywall on stud Built 1994 Lot size: 3.7 acres

91 Floor Plan 91 1 st level 2 nd level 35 Open to 2 nd level Open to 1 st level 95 60

92 Open-Air Test Configuration 92 Client assoc to Root Node Client assoc to MESH Node Root Client Root MESH Node Client

93 Moving the Client in Open-Air second walk to next TT 1 st Turntable 2 nd Turntable Root MESH

94 Open-Air Floor Plan 94 Orbi router 2 nd level Root Node 1 Open to 1 st level 2 1 st level 2 nd, 4 th Orbi satellite 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th MESH Node 95

95 Video of Open-Air Test at 4x speed 95

96 96 Test Results Open-Air

97 Realtime Throughput 97 Root: CH 48 IxChariot Downlink TCP traffic Root: CH 48 MESH Node: CH 48 MESH Node: CH 4 Root: CH 4 TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1

98 Realtime Throughput 98 1 st Test Run 2 nd Test Run TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1

99 Non-Roaming Throughput 99 Channel BSSID Time TT 1 TT 2 TT 1 TT 2 TT 1

100 100 Set-up octobox

101 dot11 Labs octobox Photos Enclosures Dual-Purpose BOX-18 Root BOX-38 MESH Node BOX-38 Client smartbox

102 octobox Set-Up 102 Root BOX-18 Fronthaul (dynamic) 4 RF cables quadatten MESH Node 1:2 Backhaul (static) 1:2 4x4 high gain antenna module 4x4 MIMO 1:2 SPLITTER smartbox Client BOX-38 BOX-38 Fronthaul (dynamic)

103 Calibrating Open-Air 103 Orbi router Location Node Band (GHz) BSSID Open-air RSSI (dbm) 1 Root 2.4 A0:40:A0:5E:A8:F5-27 Root 5 A0:40:A0:5E:A8:F8-36 MESH 2.4 A0:40:A0:6A:7A:4D -62 MESH 5 A0:40:A0:6A:7A: dB difference between 40dBTTs at 5GHz 1 Root Node 1 st level Orbi satellite MESH Node 95

104 Calibrating Open-Air 104 Orbi router Root Node Location Node Band (GHz) BSSID Open-air RSSI (dbm) 2 Root 2.4 A0:40:A0:5E:A8:F5-70 Root 5 A0:40:A0:5E:A8:F8-86 MESH 2.4 A0:40:A0:6A:7A:4D -34 MESH 5 A0:40:A0:6A:7A: dB difference between 40dBTTs at 5GHz 1 st level 2 Orbi satellite MESH Node 95

105 105 Test Results octobox

106 Realtime Throughput 106 IxChariot Downlink TCP traffic Root: CH 48 MESH Node: CH 48 Root: CH 4 Root: CH 4 Root: CH 4 Static Throughput To Root Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To MESH Node Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To Root Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To MESH Node Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To Root

107 octobox Results Non-Roaming Throughput 107 Channel BSSID Time

108 PCAP Analysis 108 Root Node: CH 48 MESH Node: CH 48 Root Node: CH 4

109 synchosniffer Packet Capture - FW

110 Why Does the Client Deauth the 5G Root? 110 Reason Code: Class 3 frame received from nonassociated STA

111 synchosniffer Packet Capture - FW

112 112 Test Results Before and After Fix

113 octobox - Realtime Throughput 113 IxChariot Downlink TCP traffic FW FW Static Throughput To Root Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To MESH Node Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To Root Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To MESH Node Ramp Attenuators Static Throughput To Root

114 octobox Non-Roaming Throughput 114 Channel BSSID Time

115 Open-Air - Realtime Throughput 115 FW FW TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1 Walk TT 2 Walk TT 1

116 Open-Air Non-Roaming Throughput 116 Channel BSSID Time

117 Wrapping Up 117 Questions?

118 118 Boston area headquarters 305 Foster Street Littleton, MA USA Tel: California office 780 Montague Expressway, Building 1 San José, CA USA Tel: