MASTER DEGREE COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORKING. Peer to Peer Systems LAURA RICCI 2/5/2011
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1 MASTER DEGREE COMPUTER SCIENCE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND NETWORKING Peer to Peer Systems LAURA RICCI 2/5/2011 1
2 WHY A P2P SYSTEMS COURSE? P2P applications have become extremely popular and currently contribute to a vast amount of Internet traffic The present: lots of P2P applications, developed in the last decade: File Sharing, the killer Application: Gnutella, Kazaa, E-Mule, Bittorrent P2P Telephony Skype P2P TV Sopcast The future: several accademic research projects Massively Multiplayer Online Games P2P Social Network (SafeBook) 2
3 CLIENT SERVER VERSUS PEER TO PEER Client Server Peer to Peer Asymmetric: client / server Global knowledge of the network Single Point of Failure Limited Scalability Detectability Expensive Symmetric: no distinction among nodes Limited Local Knowledge Robustness High Scalability Anonimity Low Cost 3
4 P2P SYSTEMS: THE CHALLENGES even if P2P systems offer interesting features, a set of challenging problems need to be solved what are the challenges? distributed models/algorithms developed in the past cannot be exploited because of their limitations investigation of mathematical models distributed algorithms (routing, resource detection,...) linguistic constructs taking into account massive amount of nodes high dinamicity of the system untrusted nodes 4
5 P2P SYSTEMS: THE CHALLENGES Application level P2P Overlays unstructured overlays: Gnutella, Kazaa, Bitorrent structured overlays: Distributed Hash Tables: Chord, Kademlia... Delaunay Overlays,... Statistical analysis of overlays: investigation of the properties of the overlay Random Graphs Small Worlds Scale Free Networks Probabilistic algorithms Random walks (Markov processes,...) Probabilistic data structures (Bloom filters,...) 5
6 P2P SYSTEMS: THE CHALLENGES Startegies to cope with the high churn. P2P systems are highly dynamic, peer can join /leave the overlay at each time. This requires mechanisms for statistical modelling of user behaviour overlay reconfiguration avoiding data loss: replication strategies Cooperation Incentives: detection of free riders credit systems chocking algorithms game theory 6
7 EXAMINATION RULES Exam Rules: a written exam or a project oral exam can be replaced by the solution of a set of mid term assignments Project development is strongly recommended Examples of projects proposed in the last years: analysis of the topology of unstructured overlays extension of existing Distributed Hash Tables analysis of a well known P2P client Programming Environments for the development of the project: Overlay Weaver Peersim 7
8 THESIS PROPOSALS Several bachelor and master thesis completed in the last years XtreemOS European Project: definition of a P2P distributed directory P2P support for distributed virtual environments see subjects of past thesis at download thesis reports from Some proposal available on the Computer Science and Networking page Further proposals will be available on the course page 8
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