Overlay Networks in ScaleNet
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1 Overlay Networks in ScaleNet Dipl-Inform. Ingmar Baumgart Prof. Dr. Martina Zitterbart VDE ITG Fachgruppentreffen, Ericsson, Aachen, ,
2 The ScaleNet Project : Scalable, efficient and flexible next generation converged mobile, wireless and fixed access networks Project duration: Partners: 1
3 ScaleNet High Level Architecture Our Task VoD TV Voice over IP Data NGN service platform Gaming AAA Mobility IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Core and/or Overlay Networks QoS Centrally hosted ScaleNet functions HAM Converged Access and Metro Networks (Aggregation Networks) Mobility Generic Router FTTx xdsl PlaNetS access New Wireless access solutions (e.g. mesh, multi-hop, MIMO) WLAN access 3GPP access WiMAX access Seamless Mobility; Overarching AAA, Security and QoS control Seamless Personal Mobility Seamless Personal Mobility Seamless Personal Mobility User with Multiple Terminals Single Identity 2
4 ITM Sub Project: Overlay Networks ITM sub project: Overlay technologies for flexible and cost-efficient introduction of new services in heterogeneous networks Why use overlay networks in ScaleNet? Fast, cost-efficient deployment of new services Flexibility (i.e. extension by new access networks) Reduction of complexity in the core network ITM work packages: Anforderungsanalyse an ein ScaleNet (AP 1.1) Mitwirkung am Entwurf der ScaleNet-Gesamtarchitektur (AP1.2) Overlay-Technologien für User-Plane (AP 3.2.8) Entwurf einer generischen Overlay-Schnittstelle (AP 4.2.2) Beteiligung an Gesamtdemonstrator (AP 5.6) 3
5 Overlay Networks What are overlay networks? Two applications communicate via a path different from the path determined by the underlying network topology Logical network above underlying topology Independent routing In most cases: Independent addressing scheme Overlay networks Peer-to-Peer systems But: Most P2P systems are overlay networks DHT, Gnutella, Freenet Overlay networks, that are not P2P VPN, MPLS, Research focus: Peer-to-Peer systems 4
6 Peer-to to-peer Systems Equivalent, autonomous entities (peers) No central infrastructure elements Self organization Interaction of end-systems Shared resources in end-systems Moving the complexity to the edges of the network C C C P S P P P P C C Client/Server C P P Peer-to-Peer P 5
7 Advantages of P2P Systems Rapid introduction of new services No changes in routers required Realization of long demanded services: Multicast Anycast No time-consuming standardization required Scalability No costly central servers with scalability problems Reliability No single point of failure Protection against DoS attacks by redundancy and self organization 6
8 Overlay Networks in ScaleNet Today s overlays are developed for use in the Internet ScaleNet scenario poses other requirements Heterogeneous access networks Heterogeneous terminals Terminal mobility Overlays have to reflect changed requirements Consequences of heterogeneous access networks and endsystems? Consequences of terminal mobility? How to optimize the overlays (topology adaption)? Usage of cross-layer information for optimization? Adequate overlay structures (structured vs. unstructured)? 7
9 Two Kinds of P2P Overlays Unstructured overlays Random choice of neighbors Routing by flooding or random walk Example: Gnutella, Freenet Structured overlays Overlay neighbors are chosen to form a certain topology Structured topology allows for efficient routing Example: Chord, CAN, Pastry, Tapestry, Kademlia, Koorde Unstructured Structured 8
10 ITM Overlay Simulator Simulation environment OMNeT++ Modular design: Exchangeable overlay network Chord, GIA, Kademlia, Configurable underlay IPv4, IPv6, simple, realudp, mobility heterogeneity generic interface KBR, DHT, miscellaneous applications simulation and analysis of different overlays over a typical ScaleNet underlay toplogy 9
11 ITM Overlay Simulator in Action 10
12 Architecture: ScaleNet-Overlays MMOG MMOG P2P-SIP P2P-SIP Filesharing Filesharing Generic Interface ID 7 ID 4 ID 6 Overlay Network ID 1 ID 0 ID 2 ID 5 ID 3 UMTS xdsl IP Backbone
13 ITM Overlay Scenarios Possible applications for overlay networks in ScaleNet: Group communication (multicast, anycast) Distributed storage Mobility support We focus on two scenarios: Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming (MMOG) Application Layer Multicast Large number of participants Low latency / QoS support Peer-to-Peer SIP Distributed storage of SIP identities Security 12
14 Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming Current situation in commercial MMOGs: Server Farms Unicast connection between every player and one of the servers Does not scale with the number of players Does not support more than a few thousand players Use of overlay technologies to avoid this bottleneck Not all communication has to go through the central server Requirements Low latency Highly dynamic multicast groups Security Must not introduce new ways of cheating 13
15 Multicast Group chat Players in the same group/party communicate Groups stay active for a longer time Possible high bandwidth use (voice/video chat) Event messages Send to all nearby players No fixed groups Communication partners change frequently 14
16 Peer-to to-peer SIP What is P2P-SIP? Using a peer-to-peer network for SIP user registration and location lookup Why P2P-SIP? Cost reduction (no servers needed) Scalability Reliability (No single point of failure, self healing) Failover for server-based SIP networks (in emergency cases) NAT traversal Skype (largest VoIP provider in the world) also uses P2P technologies, but no open standard 15
17 Server-based SIP vs. P2P-SIP Call setup with server-based SIP: Alice 1 2 REGISTER alice@tm.uka.de => INVITE alice@tm.uka.de Bob tm.uka.de 3 Contact : Call setup with P2P-SIP: Alice REGISTER alice => P2P- Overlay 3 2 INVITE alice Contact: Bob 16
18 Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) Main idea Distributed storage of (key, value) pairs Efficient lookup of keys Challenges: Equal distribution of content in the network Continuous maintenance due to churn Assigning of key ranges to joining nodes Takeover and redistribution of key ranges in case of node failures H( Movie )=
19 DHT security: Common attacks Attacks on routing Node ID selection By carefully choosing a node ID an attacker can control access to target objects Routing table maintenance DoS attack by distribution of faulty routing table updates Message forwarding Malicious nodes along the route between sender and target node can modify or drop messages to a key Attacks on data storage: Malicious nodes can modify or delete locally stored data items 18
20 P2P-SIP: Open issues Unique assignment of user names Security Security of Distributed Hash Tables DoS resistance Prevent stealing of user names Optimization Selection of most suitable DHT structure (Chord, Kademlia, ) Reduce bandwidth / lookup latency by Topology adaptation Load balancing Deployment Gateways to server based SIP networks Still no open standard for P2P-SIP IETF: Ongoing discussion on forming a P2P-SIP WG 19
21 Next steps Implementation and analysis of additional overlay protocols (GIA, Kademlia, ) Implementation of a SIP-proxy for P2P-SIP Unique assignment of user names Prevent stealing of user names Secure DHT based on Kademlia Analysis of attacks on already deployed DHTs (e.g. emule-kademlia) Detailed analysis of QoS requirements for MMOGs (latency and bandwith) 20
22 Thanks! Questions? 25
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