Smart Manufacturing Smart Communications?!

Transcription

1 Smart Manufacturing Smart Communications?!

2 Integration in Automation Slide 2

3 Industrial Communications Research Areas Chair of Industrial Communications Projects Dissertations Research Lectures Emulation of Components Generic Device 5G Communications SDN, NFV Data Exchange Formats XML- CAEX- AutomationML Commissioning & Start-Up Plug and Produce Condition Monitoring Plant Asset Management Network Management Common Applications Seamless Engineering & Operation Life Cycle Aspects Semantics Description Languages Information Models Middleware WBEM SOA OPC UA Slide 3

4 Industrial Communications Working Groups C3 Application Profiles, I&M-Functions, Profile Guideline C3/PG15 Condition Monitoring Ad-Hoc Group PG3 AK Systemaspekte AG Manufacturing Execution Systems Führungskreis Industrie 4.0 SG Modelle und Standards Plattform I4.0 UAG Netzkommunikation AK IT in Automation DKE Unternehmensmodelle DKE Life Cycle Management DKE Condition Monitoring IEC TC65 / WG19 Life Cycle Management IEC TC65E / WG11 Condition Monitoring GMA 5.16 Middleware GMA 6.15 Zuverlässiger Betrieb Ethernet-basierter Bussysteme GMA 7.21 Industrie 4.0 VDMA Work Group Feldbusneutrale Referenzarchitektur für Condition Monitoring in der Fabrikautomation Sino-German SWG I4.0 Predictive Maintenance EFFRA, 5G PPP (Factories of the Future Requirements) Slide 4

5 Outline Introduction State of the art Scenarios Requirements Functional viewpoint & deployment Network Mapping Industrie 4.0, Network as an asset Current Developments Standardization Conclusions Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine ( Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017 ), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Kommunikation im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld. Whitepaper, ZVEI Presse_und_Medien/Publikationen/2018/Apri l/kommunikation_im_industrie-4.0- Umfeld/Kommunikation_im_Industrie-4.0- Umfeld_Download-Neu.pdf Slide 5

6 Application Scenarios of Industrial Internet of Things Everything connected Data-driven approaches Virtual representations Digital transformation Slide 6

7 Development of (Industrial) Communication Long history of specific solutions, from fieldbus war to 5G Computer Networks ARPANET Ethernet ISO/OSI Internet MAP MMS WWW WLAN Bluetooth SOAP ZigBee 6loWPAN UWB TSN Mobile Internet 2G: GSM 3G: UMTS 3G: HSPA 4G: LTE 4G: LTE+ 5G IT Trends Ubiq. Comp. IoT CPS Ind. Internet Industry 4.0 Industrial Communication Modbus P-NET Bitbus Powerlink OPC UA EtherCAT EIB Ethernet/I ISA a LON P Modbus/TCP FF PROWAY Wirel. HART ISA SP50 PROFINE FIP ControlNet IEC61158 T Profibus SDS EN50254 ASi IEC61784 IEC Interbus EN50170 EN50325 Sercos DeviceNet HART TTP FlexRay CAN LIN Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine ( Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017 ), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Slide 7

8 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Why are there so many specific industrial solutions? Requirements are different History Market Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP MES SCADA Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Slide 8

9 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP MES Mobile devices SCADA Mobile devices Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Outbound logistics Slide 9

10 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP Manufacturing Cloud MES Mobile devices SCADA Mobile devices Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Outbound logistics Slide 10

11 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Value chain Enterprise Enterprise Value chain Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP Manufacturing Cloud MES Mobile devices SCADA Mobile devices Customer Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Outbound logistics Slide 11

12 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Value chain Enterprise Enterprise Public cloud Value chain Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP Manufacturing Cloud MES Internet Public & private networks Enterprise Mobile devices SCADA Mobile devices Customer Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Outbound logistics Customer Customer Slide 12

13 The complexity of communication in industrial automation systems Value chain Enterprise Private interenterprise cloud Enterprise Public cloud Value chain Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP Manufacturing Cloud MES Internet Public & private networks Enterprise Mobile devices SCADA Mobile devices Customer Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Mainstream processes Industrial wireless Real-time Outbound logistics Customer Customer Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine ( Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017 ), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Slide 13

14 Deriving Requirements Requirements depend on application - Functionality - Environment Requirements depend on user role - End user - System integrator - manufacturer Scenarios can be used to define specific requirements Examples: - Scenario 1: Real-time data communication in flexible production systems - Scenario 2: Communication for engineering and asset management - Scenario 3: Product data communication over the life cycle Slide 14

15 Scenario 1: Real-time data communication Mainstream process Data exchange in open and closed loop control SCADA Enterprise Real-time guarantees Jitter-free application Intrinsic safety Industrial IT Industrial wireless Redundancy Availability Mainstream processes Real-time Today: industrial networks (fieldbus, Industrial Ethernet, Industrial Wireless) Tomorrow: industrial networks (fieldbus, Industrial Ethernet, Industrial Wireless, Industrial 5G, Industrial IoT protocols) Slide 15

16 Scenario 2: Communication for engineering and asset mgnmt. Mainstream and logistics processes Data exchange for configuration Data-driven applications A-cyclic communication Session management Guaranteed delivery Confirmed services Information model access Mobile devices Inbound logistics Intrinsic safety Enterprise IT Enterprise Manufacturing Cloud SCADA Industrial IT Mainstream processes ERP MES Industrial wireless Real-time Mobile devices Outbound logistics Today: industrial networks, IT networks Tomorrow: industrial networks, IIoT, Business layer protocols (MQTT etc.) Slide 16

17 Scenario 3: Product data communication over the life cycle Enterprise Value chain Value chain Enterprise Private inter-enterprise cloud Enterprise Enterprise IT ERP Manufacturing Cloud MES Customer Internet Public & private networks Public cloud Enterprise Communication between the partners in the life cycle of a product Bulk data handling, time stamping Access to context-related data, information model access Today: IT networks Tomorrow: industrial networks, IT networks, IoT, SOA,??? Slide 17

18 Functional Viewpoint Application can be seen as a orchestration of functions ( IEC 61131, IEC 61499) Functions at different levels of complexity Application relation Functions define application relations Application relations define requirements for data exchange Slide 18

19 Mapping of Functions to Resources (Deployment) Mapping to networked ressources - pre-implemented in firmware (IEC 61804) or fully flexible (IEC 61131, IEC 61499) Resources residing at different levels of an infrastructure - Field devices - PLCs - Edge devices - SCADA, MES, ERP - Cloud PROFIBUS PA Profile, PROFIBUS International Slide 19

20 Remark: IEC Distributed System Architecture Application = Function Block Network Event flow Data flow System = Communication Network + Resources + Process/Machines Communication network Resource 1 Resource 2 Application A Appl.C Resource 3 Resource 4 Application B Controlled process/machines Based on IEC Slide 20

21 Deployment of Functions lead to Requirements for Communication Communication is increasingly heterogeneous Communication has to fulfill the application rerquirements! Realisation of application relations as a bundle of communication relations - Runtime view App 1 App 2 - Configuration Application Relation App 2 R d - Monitoring relation to network management Communication Relation App 3 Applications reside on the same network cross-influences App 1 R a R b R c App Z App X Slide 21

22 Relevance of typical communication solution requirements Requirement Process automation Real-time data communication Factory Motion control automation Communication for Engineering and Asset Management Product data communication Timing aspects Data rate Jitter Cycle time Update time Synchronisation Time stamping Application aspects Small data structures Large data structures Device replacement at runtime Robustness aspects Availability Redundancy Recovery Time Safety Security Coexistence Mobility Mobile Assets Network coverage Mobile Assets Network coverage Kommunikation im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld. Whitepaper, ZVEI m_industrie-4.0-umfeld/kommunikation_im_industrie-4.0-umfeld_download-neu.pdf Slide 22

23 Requirements Profile and Capabilities Profile Definition of metrics describing relevant requirements Suitable for QoS definitions (quantitative) E.g. latency, reliability Application-specific specification of ranges Requirements Profile Description of features of existing communication systems Using the same metrics Capabilities Profile Network-based Communication in Industrie 4.0. Discussion paper, Platform Industrie 4.0. Slide 23

24 Automatic Network Mapping Using semantic reference descriptions (e.g. IEC 61360, IEC Digital Factory) Requirements profile (=Capability profile 1) Capability profile 2 Capability profile 3 Requirements Mapping of both profiles Usage of application-specific weight factors Application of categories (e.g. ASE acc. IEC 61158) to reduce complexity (semi)automatic mapping Function - Monitor/operate - Presentation update rate 1s 100ms - Engineering - Device description GSD Communication services - PROFIBUS MS0 MS1 MS2 MS3 *** Construction - Measuring tube length 300mm 400mm - Energy consumption - Certificates *** Location - Climatic environmental conditions - Protection type IP20 IP54 IP67 *** Under-fulfillment Over-fulfillment Slide 24

25 Logical and Physical Networks Logical network hides infrastructure details (transparent) App 1 App 2 App 1 EP Endnode App 1 EP Physical network includes infrastructure Slide 25

26 Communication in Industrie RAMI 4.0 (Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0) Service-oriented, Industrie 4.0- compliant communication specific, QoS-driven communication Based on: Platform Industrie 4.0 and ZVEI, DIN SPEC Slide 26

27 The Network as an Asset Communication networks and their components need to be adapted to application requirements Adaptation at runtime Changing deployment of functions Changing communication requirements Changing physical structure of network Changing environment Documentation and logging Asset, e.g. Communication network Based on: Structure of the Administration Shell, Platform Industrie 4.0. Slide 27

28 Structuring the Asset Administration Shell for an Asset Network Network-based Communication for Industrie 4.0 Proposal for an Administration Shell Discussion paper, Platform Industrie 4.0. Slide 28

29 Life Cycle Aspects Engineering Operation and Maintenance Negotiation of requirements / QoS QoS-aware data transport Status Diagnosis Management Prediction Industrie 4.0- compliant communication unterlying communication Negotiation of requirements / QoS Service level agreements Network management Operation and monitoring Fulfillment of SLA Kommunikation im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld. Whitepaper, ZVEI m_industrie-4.0-umfeld/kommunikation_im_industrie-4.0-umfeld_download-neu.pdf Slide 29

30 Intermediate System Terminal device Current Developments: The classification scheme for Real-Time Ethernet Class A Class B Class C Add ons to IEEE802-Standards Real-time performance IEEE TSN Client/Server Applications Real-time Streams Client/Server Applications Real-time Streams w. Priorities Client/Server Applications Real-time Streams w. Scheduling TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP IP IP IP Ethernet Ethernet with Priorities Ethernet with Scheduling Best Effort Bridging Best Effort Bridging with Priorities (Best Effort) Bridging with Scheduling Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine ( Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017 ), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Slide 30

31 Current Developments: Time Sensitive Networks (TSN) Scheduled traffic in Ethernet Jitter-free communication Fine-grained priorization Traffic shaping, e.g. time-aware shaper Johas Teener et al.: Heterogeneous Networks for Audio and Video: Using IEEE Audio Video Bridging. Proceedings of the IEEE ( Volume: 101, Issue: 11, Nov ), DOI: /JPROC BMBF funded research project Future Industrial Network Architecture FIND Slide 31

32 Levels of Abstraction in Industrial Communications Business Functions Slide 32

33 Levels of Abstraction in Industrial Communications Business Functions Service Sensor::Calibrate Application Functions & Information Models Service MES::Calculate EnergyConsmptn Slide 33

34 PROFIBUS CAN EtherCAT PROFINET IRT WLAN 6loWPAN IIoT TSN 5G Levels of Abstraction in Industrial Communications Business Functions Service Sensor::Calibrate Application Functions & Information Models Service MES::Calculate EnergyConsmptn Transport-oriented Protocols *** *** *** Slide 34

35 PROFIBUS CAN EtherCAT PROFINET IRT WLAN 6loWPAN IIoT TSN 5G Levels of Abstraction in Industrial Communications Business Functions Service Sensor::Calibrate Application Functions & Information Models Service MES::Calculate EnergyConsmptn Browse Services Read native APIs Write *** Subscribe Transport-oriented Protocols Middleware & Communication Services, Generic Information Models *** *** *** Services Services Create Connect Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Slide 35

36 PROFIBUS CAN EtherCAT PROFINET IRT WLAN 6loWPAN IIoT TSN 5G Levels of Abstraction in Industrial Communications Business Functions slice Service Sensor::Calibrate Services Browse Read Application Functions & Information Models Write *** Subscribe MES::Calculate EnergyConsmptn Middleware & Communication Services, Generic Information Models Service Services Create Connect native APIs Transport-oriented Protocols Services *** *** *** Slide 36

37 Service Layers Layered service model Platform services for managing application service deployment and choreographie Information services for - Information model management - semantics-free data access - discovery Communication services for - Data transfer - QoS negotiation - End point assignment Technology-independent data transport services Application Services Access to application functions Platform Services Authentication Yellow Pages Service-Discovery Information Services Data access (Read, Write, Create, Delete, ) Semantics independent Data-Discovery (Browse) Communication Services Data transfer Negotiation of QoS Host-Discovery Transport Services Kommunikation im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld. Whitepaper, ZVEI m_industrie-4.0-umfeld/kommunikation_im_industrie-4.0-umfeld_download-neu.pdf Slide 37

38 Network Flexibility based on Software IT-Systems: Virtualization as a key feature Software Defined Networks (SDN) Separation of data plane (runtime function) and control plane (management) Northbound interface (management) Southbound interface (to data plane) Provision of functions by the network (components) Virtualization approach Network Function Virtualization (NFV) By Open Networking Foundation (ONF) - SDN Architecture Overview (PDF), Version 1.0, December 12, 2013 In addition to data forwarding, the network offers functions like compression, encryption, etc. Current discussion on functions for storage, computing, etc, application functions! NF: Forwarding (V)NF: Compression Slide 38

39 Software Defined Networks Application 1 Application requirement (QoS) SLA SLA Application 2 Application 3 Application plane SLA SDN Controller Control plane Network Slice (V)NF: Compression NF: Forwardin g (V)NF: Encryption Data flow Control flow NF: Forwarding NF: Forwarding NF: Forwarding NF: Forwarding Kommunikation im Industrie-4.0-Umfeld. Whitepaper, ZVEI m_industrie-4.0-umfeld/kommunikation_im_industrie-4.0-umfeld_download-neu.pdf Data plane Slide 39

40 Requirements for Factories as a Vertical in 5G 5G Communication as a hybride, wired / wireless infrastructure Separation of logical and physical Communication Combination of physical and virtualized network functions flexible management of the network and its resources Integration of end user requirements (verticals) 5G-PPP. (2016, Feb.). 5G empowering vertical industries. [Online]. Available: - content /uploads/2016/02/brochure_5ppp_bat2_pl.pdf Slide 40

41 Network-centric services Southbound Interfaces Vertical-centric services Northbound Interfaces The integrated 5G architecture for mobile broadband and vertical services Bringing it all together vertical slice Mobile broadband Services Service #1 Service #2 Service #3 Vertical #1 Services (e.g., Factory of the Future) Service Service Service #1 #2 #3 Service #1 Vertical #2 Services ( e.g,, Automotive) Service Service #2 #3 Business Service Layer Vertical #2 Function Vertical #1 Repository Fn. Repository Vertical #3 Function Repository Business Function Layer Multi-service Control Layer Satellite Network RAN and wireless backhaul Wireless Satellite Edge Cloud Optical Cloud Slide 41 Network Function Repository Core Cloud Optical Access NetworkOptical Metro Network Optical Core Network Network Function Layer Infrastructure Layer Wollschlaeger, M.; Sauter, T.; Jasperneite, J.: Industrial Communication. The Future in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Published in: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (Volume: 11, Issue: 1, March 2017), pp 17 27, DOI: /MIE Based on: 5G-PPP. (2016, Feb.). 5G empowering vertical industries. [Online]. Available: - content /uploads/2016/02/brochure_5ppp_bat2_pl.pdf Slide 41

42 Standardization Standardization is key factor in automation and control Different standardization bodies (IEEE, IEC, ISO, ITU-T, IETF, DMTF, W3C, ) Joint Working Groups Consensual standards vs. industry standards Standardization of protocols - Industrial solutions (wired, wireless) - IT-Solutions - Telecommunication Standardization of Network Management Standardization of Service Approaches Standardization at application level (information models, services) Slide 42

43 Conclusions Industrial Communications will adopt IT technologies New applications can be addressed (augmented reality, wearables, ) Heterogeneity of communication solutions will increase Transition to requirements-driven approaches necessary Different stakeholders have different viewpoints App 1 App 2 Networks as assets, adequate Quality of Services Flexibility enhancement required Network as a Service New partners in the value chains (network service provider) Migration paths and practical solutions necessary Integrated approaches are needed Smart Manufacturing needs Smart Communications! Slide 43

44 Contact information Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Martin Wollschlaeger Chair for Industrial Communications Technische Universität Dresden Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Applied Computer Science postal address: D Dresden visitor address: Nöthnitzer Str. 46, room 1091 phone: +49 (351) mobile: +49 (173) fax: +49 (351) Slide 44