Advanced Computer Networks
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1 Advanced Computer Networks Network Architectures Jianping Pan Summer /16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 1
2 Internet architectures Design principles store-and-forward packet switching end-to-end arguments best-effort services Hour glass protocol model application: telnet, ftp, , web, voip,... transport: TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP network: IP/ICMP subnetwork: Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, PPP,... 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 2
3 New requirements Service better than best-effort, quality of service (QoS) Scalability (growth) next generation IP (IPv6) vs NAT Multicast IP Multicast vs application/overlay multicast Mobility Mobile IP (MIP) Security 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 3
4 Middle boxes Challenges to end-to-end arguments Application e.g., web proxy, cache server, load balancer e.g., SIP border controller Transport e.g., SOCK Network e.g., stateful firewall e.g., network address translator (NAT) 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 4
5 How does NAT work? Address translation address mapping creation Packet filtering based on created address mapping NAT behaviors full cone, restricted cone, port-restricted cone symmetric 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 5
6 NAT: pros and cons Pros extend IPv4 address space make site renumbering easy Cons address isolation no longer always global addressable need extra mechanisms (e.g., NAT traversal) the loss of end-to-end complicate network design and operation 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 6
7 What's next? Think out of the box! IP Next Layer (IPNL) [FG01] reuse the existing infrastructure IPNL is just above IPv4 and routed by NAT boxes use FQDN as end-host identifier fully qualified domain name extend IP address space global (unique) address + private (reusable) address isolate site addressing easy site renumbering 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 7
8 IPNL at the edge Growth at edge front-door NL router internal NL router IPNL only visible at end-host above IPv4 NL routers 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 8
9 IPNL: more details Multi-homing z.a.com y.b.com Mobility visiting: y.a.com visited: c.com Realm vs site 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 9
10 IPNL routing: address and name MRIP middle realm IP frontdoor's RN realm number behind frontdoor EHIP end-host IP within a realm 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 10
11 Site address isolation Separate local vs global header end-host is only configured with EHIP: local identity in a realm FQDN: global identity (long term, unique) local packets have no MRIP behind the same frontdoor Realm number independence local vs global realm number global RN allocated by the frontdoor 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 11
12 More on site isolation In-flight IPNL address resolution (late-binding) End host should know the destination's FQDN destination MRIP resolved by frontdoor source RN and MRIP added by internal/frontdoor received used source for return packets destination RN and EHIP added by dest frontdoor/internal Location field (2-bit) behind the source frontdoor in the middle behind the destination frontdoor 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 12
13 Examples H1-H4 through middle realm H1-H2 behind the same frontdoor H1-z.a.com in the same realm H1-H3 redirect 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 13
14 Robustness In-band trace learn how to send from what has been received list of MRIP for the destination list of MRIP+RN for the destination the latest used source MRIP+RN for the destination Path discovery progressive path discovery 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 14
15 Discussion Addressing and routing IP address has both roles 5-tuple for session identification difficult to support mobility discourage spoofing somehow IPNL approach FQDN primarily as an identifier IPNL address primarily as a locater random ID (RID) for session protection 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 15
16 Internet Indirection Infrastructure [I3] any computer science problems can be solved by introducing another layer of indirection... Traditional client-server model server should be ready first client is active, server is passive client request followed by server response Traditional send-receive model receive should be ready first send is active, receive is passive 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 16
17 Rendezvous-based communication inserttrigger(t); sendpacket(p); removetrigger(t); // optional 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 17
18 Some applications 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 18
19 More examples 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 19
20 This lecture (some new) Internet architecture designs IPNL: an extension to NAT I3: indirection A1: course project ideas due Friday, May 18, to any topic related to computer networks you should justify it and I can help final deliverables: report+presentation plus prototype next checkpoint (end of May) 1-page project proposal 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 20
21 Next lectures Overlay and peer-to-peer networking required reading [ABKM01] D. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, F. Kaashoek, R. Morris, Resilient Overlay Networks, In Proc. of SOSP '01. [RON] [SMKKB01] Ion Stoica, Robert Morris, David Karger, Frans Kaashoek, Hari Balakrishnan, "Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications," Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGCOMM Conference, August [Chord] 5/16/07 csc485b/586b/seng480b 21
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