Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN)
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1 Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) Ricardo Martins LSTS - Universidade do Porto OC /05/16
2 Participants IETF/DTNRG Intel Research NASA/JPL MCI/Worldcom/Google Universidade do Porto CMRE/NURC Technische Universität Braunschweig MITRE SPARTA SICS
3 Motivation The ubiquitous Internet Protocol was not designed for heterogeneuous internetworks with severe performance impairments: Very high latencies/delays Occasionally or predictably-connected links Low and expensive bandwidth Frequent disruption/disconnection Interoperability across dissimilar protocol stacks While several domain specific solutions may exist, it should be possible to design an extensible software architecture
4 Examples of Impaired Networks Low Earth Orbit Satellites with periodic connectivity Sensor networks connected sporadically via data mules Underwater acoustic networks Deep space communication Ad-hoc field networks (eg. Military)
5 Example of Impaired Networks
6 Architecture Assumptions Sender and receiver may never have a permanent realtime connection End-points may not share the same network and transport protocols Retransmitting data may be very expensive Round-trip times may range from milliseconds to days Persistent storage is well distributed accross the network
7 Implementation User-level daemon (background process) Interacts with communication links via Convergence Layer Adapters TCP/IP, UDP/IP, Underwater Convergence Layer (UCL), Bluetooth, AX.25 Supports different routing/forwarding schemes Static, Epidemic, PRoPHET, Spray and Wait, Custom Applications interact with a DTN via the userlevel daemon
8 DTN Experimental Scenario One underwater sensor cluster needs to interact with another similar cluster at a remote location; No direct or permanent network link exists between the clusters; A temporary network can be created, but must be tolerant to delays and/or disruptions; An AUV and a Glider can be used opportunistically to close the network; All hops are performed using DTN on top of an existing link (TCP/IP, UCL).
9 DTN Experimental Scenario
10 DTN Experimental Scenario: Assets NRV Alliance Littoral Ocean Observatory Network (LOON) with Evologics S2C and WHOI Micromodem acoustic modems
11 DTN Experimental Scenario: Assets FOLAGA AUV/Glider Equipment developed by Graaltech and CMRE
12 DTN Experimental Scenario: Assets LAUV Xtreme 2 (Sidescan, Camera, CTD, WHOI micromodem) Manta Gateway (802.11BGN, HSDPA, WHOI micromodem) Equipment developed by FEUP and OceanScan MST (
13 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga Alliance (Graaltech) UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) The UW Cluster A sends a message to UW Cluster B, requesting an acknowledgment; The message is delivered to the Folaga AUV, that stores the message until a link to the next hop is available; Alliance (GW) This hop is performed via the Evologics S2C modem using the UCL developed by CMRE/FEUP.
14 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga Alliance (Graaltech) UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) The Folaga AUV relays the message to the Alliance (Graaltech), a Manta Gateway that is connected to the Folaga AUV access point; This hop is performed via TCP/IP over g wireless. Alliance (GW)
15 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga Alliance (Graaltech) UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) Alliance (Graaltech) relays the message to Alliance (GW), the latter bridges the Graaltech and FEUP DTN networks; This hop is performed via TCP/IP over Ethernet. Alliance (GW)
16 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga Alliance (Graaltech) UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) Alliance (GW) relays the message to Alliance (FEUP), a Manta Gateway that is the wireless access point of the LAUV; This hop is performed via n wireless. Alliance (GW)
17 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) relays the message to the LAUV; Since the LAUV is not able, at this point, to deliver the message to its destination, the message is stored until a link is available; Alliance (Graaltech) Alliance (GW) Alliance (FEUP) The LAUV is deployed and executes an automatic plan that passes near the UW Cluster B. At the same time it collects CTD and Sidescan data; This hop is performed via TCP/IP over g wireless.
18 DTN Experimental Scenario: Dataflow UW Cluster A Folaga Alliance (Graaltech) UW Cluster B LAUV Alliance (FEUP) The LAUV loiters near the UW Cluster B until the message is delivered and an acknowledgment is received; This hop is performed using the WHOI micromodem using the UCL developed by CMRE/FEUP; When the acknowledgment is received the LAUV resumes the execution of the plan and brings the acknowledgment back to Alliance; Alliance (GW) When the LAUV is near Alliance the Folaga AUV is deployed in order for the acknowledgment to be delivered to UW Cluster A.
19 Thank You!
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