Experiential Learning of Networks (Past, Present and Future)
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1 Experiential Learning of Networks (Past, Present and Future) Apr 20, 2018 Dr. Ram P Rustagi ram@rprustagi.com rprustagi@ieee.org
2 Resources Experiential-Learning.html RFCs and protocol standards
3 Experiential Learning of Networks Evolution Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debugging, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!3
4 NETWORK Novel Experience of Theoretical, Working, Operational, and Realized Knowledge Acronym!4
5 Story of work Story of team of four people Everybody, Anybody, Somebody, Nobody An important work was to be done Team was asked to do it Everybody thought somebody would do it Anybody could have done it Nobody did it!5
6 Story of work Result Somebody got angry as it was everybody s job Everybody knew that anybody could do it Nobody realized that somebody wouldn t do it Summary Job was not done Everybody blamed somebody Nobody did what anybody could have done!6
7 Corollary: Story of Right Time Four types of day Every day, Any day, Some day, No day What we wish I dream everyday I will prepare anyday I will work hard no day I will be offered a job someday!7
8 Corollary: Story of Right Time To fulfill your wish Everyday is learning day No day is holiday Any day to start is today Some day will be fruitful day Summary/conclusion Start today To reach your goals!8
9 Experiential Learning of Networks Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!9
10 Internet Generation Internet Single ownership, complete trust, simple routing Internet Multiple ownership policy based routing Internet onwards content by users, host ownership mobility, clouds, services Src: Prof Raj Jain, WUSTL,
11 Web 2.0 Web 1.0 Mostly the web contents generated before year 2000 Web content within the browser Content generated for user not by user No user inputs on web content Web 2.0 Loose definition Social networking /interaction, collaboration Tagging, blogging AJAX Rich Media Web 3.0?? Semantic web!11
12 Number of Websites Sitenames: 1.7+B Active sites: 171+M Sitenames: 19K src:
13 Web Servers Today src:
14 The Web Different from other TV, Radio Operates on demand Does not force users to tune in Enables every one to become the producer Channels (URLs) are way too many Search engines enables easy navigation RIAs, Social Media make users engrossed Web page today base HTML-file, includes several referenced objects!14
15 HTTP Protocol Evolution HTTP 0.9 (Unofficial) HTTP 1.0 HTTP 1.1 HTTP 2!15
16 Internet Impact Availability of internet is considered necessary Like food and water Any disruptions may cause havoc Punishing someone: bar the internet access Internet etiquettes Avoid using slang, goofy spellings, acronyms etc Avoid spamming Social media/blogs: avoid vain content Overly personal, obscene comments, ranting Avoid exchange of personal info on wall papers Everyone else is watching Tweets Should be more than one word and meaningful Don t hold entire conversation on twitter!16
17 Internet Trends Today Top internet sites ( ) Global Google YouTube Facebook Baidu Wikipedia Reddit Yahoo Google.co.in QQ!17
18 Internet Trends Today What is common about these top sites? Did they sell any products to install? Do you know about their software releases? Any support calls? Did they exist a decade ago? All offer services, not products Services are Mobile apps Global Cloud based Requires reliable internet acces!18
19 SDN Today s Paradigm shift Google: in past known as search engine company Apple in past known as Mac What is common between Google, Apple Mobile Device companies bringing paradigm shift networking is moving to mobile devices needs cloud, internet traditional network doesn t work SDN?!19
20 SDN Networking : Failure vs Successes src: : MAP/TOP (vs Ethernet) 1988: OSI (vs TCP/IP) 1994: CMIP (vs SNMP) 1995: FDDI (vs Ethernet) 1997: ATM to desktop (vs Ethernet) 1998: ATM Switches (vs IP routers) 1999: Token Ring (vs Ethernet) 2003: HomeRF (vs WiFi) 2007: Resilient Pkt Ring (vs Carrier Ethernet) IntServ, DiffServ,...!20
21 Two Networking Evolution Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!21
22 Computers & Communication Computers Fixed (no mobility), reserved address Reliable data transmission No Loss, duplication, corruption, (Un) Ordered End entity: machine/application Conn less (inherently) and conn. oriented Communications Mobility is key requirement, no fixed address Unreliable transmission End entity: human Connection oriented!22
23 Transport Layer Reliability Support Reliability Needs error and flow control Compels slower service Unreliable protocol No extra overheads Reliability at data link layer Provides error and flow control Why do we need it at Transport layer when Link layer provides the same *!23
24 TCP Characteristics point-to-point: One sender, one receiver reliable, in-order byte steam: No message boundaries pipelined: TCP congestion and flow control set window size full duplex data: Bi-directional data flow in same connection MSS: maximum segment size, determined from link/ frame size connection-oriented: Handshaking (exchange of control msgs) inits sender, receiver state before data exchange flow controlled: Sender will not overwhelm receiver *!24
25 Experiencing Packet Loss & Recovery Data Transfer Clients sends data (100 bytes) every 2s (10 times) AA.. (1 st pkt), BB..(2 nd pkt),, JJ..(10 th pkt) Break the link between switch at 7 th sec and restore after 12 th sec Server reads 50 bytes at a time What would server receive:!25
26 Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!26
27 Network Model Architecture IBM SNA Architecture OSI Model Model BAN, PAN, LAN, WAN, Enterprise and cloud Medium Wired and wireless Cables, Microwaves, Satellites, Powerlines!27
28 Network Stack and Protocols OSI TCP/IP Now Layering is getting muddled!28
29 Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!29
30 Setup Requirement NE NE NE!30
31 Tools wireshark tcpdump: wget nc ping traceroute ttcp!31
32 Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking Data Center networking Future networks Summary!32
33 Understanding Networks What happens when user enters a URL e.g. flipkart.com, or amazon.in or What kind packets goes out of machine? What are the activities carried out by network? Which protocols are involved? Does it depend upon user network environment? Does it depend upon environment of website hosting? Does it depend ISP and intermediate network? Does it depend device being used? Does snooping, MITM affects it!33
34 Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking, Data Center networking Future networking Summary!34
35 Evolution Two streams: Computers and Communications Network models and Topologies Multiple network stacks Tools: Diagnose and debug, Performance Present state of network Cloud networking, Data Center networking Future networking Summary!35
36 Future Networking IoT impacts networking landscape Device form factors Energy aware networking Scaling (much beyond you can think of) Security It was not the concern initially Business, commerce requires it User Engagement Networking is like plumbing (taken for granted) User wants immediate gratification Is networking using you?!36
37 Performance of vtu.ac.in src: browser : chrome, link: 4G (12Mbps) Location: Mumbai!37
38 Performance of vtu.ac.in!38
39 Thank You!39
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