Course on Computer Communication and Networks. Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Part A: Internet, Protocol Layering and Data
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1 Course on Computer Communication and Networks Lecture 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Part A: Internet, Protocol Layering and Data CTH EDA344/ GU DIT 420 Based on the book Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, Addison-Wesley. 1
2 Roadmap What s the Internet Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view 3a-2
3 the Internet: nuts and bolts view (1) PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld access points wired links millions of connected (computing) devices: hosts = end systems running network apps communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite transmission rate = bandwidth Mobile network Global ISP Home network Regional ISP Institutional network router Connecting devices, eg routers: forward packets (chunks of data) Introduction 1-3
4 Fun internet appliances in Internet of things Web-enabled toaster + weather forecaster IP picture frame Tweet-a-watt: monitor energy use Internet refrigerator Slingbox: watch, control cable TV remotely Internet phones 1-4
5 the Internet: nuts and bolts view (2) protocols control sending, receiving of msgs e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet Internet: network of networks loosely hierarchical Mobile network Global ISP Home network Regional ISP Institutional network Introduction 1-5
6 the Internet: service view communication infrastructure enables distributed applications: Web, VoIP, , games, e- commerce, file sharing communication services provided to apps: Reliable, in-order data delivery from source to destination best effort (unreliable) data delivery 1-6
7 A closer look at (any big) network s structure: network edge: applications and hosts access networks, physical media: wired, wireless communication links network core: interconnected routers network of networks 1-7
8 Roadmap What s the Internet Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view 3a-8
9 Networks are complex and evolving. Hosts, routers, links Services, applications Hardware, software Networks of Networks. Question: Is there any hope of organizing structure, study, development of networks? 9
10 Terminology: Layers, Protocols, Interfaces Each layer implements services via its own internal-layer actions relying on services by layer below It provides services to the upper layer (shielding from implementation details) service interface: across layers in same host Logical communication, protocol Logical communication, protocol Layer n on a host carries a conversation with layer n on another host host-to-host interface: defines messages exchanged with peer entity Logical communication, protocol Logical communication, protocol Fig. A. Tanenbaum Computer Networks 10
11 What s a protocol? Examples: a human protocol and a computer network protocol: Hi Hi Got the time? 2:00 time TCP connection req. TCP connection reply. Get <file> host-to-host interface: defines messages exchanges with peer entity: format, order of msgs actions todo on msg transmission, receipt 11
12 Another example: Layering of airline functionality ticket (purchase) ticket (complain) ticket baggage (check) baggage (claim baggage gates (load) gates (unload) gate runway (takeoff) runway (land) takeoff/landing airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing departure airport intermediate air-traffic control centers arrival airport System architecture: set of layers, interfaces Protocol stack: protocol implementation 12
13 Why layering? Dealing with complex systems: structure allows to identificaty & relate of complex system s pieces layered reference model for discussion modularization eases maintenance/es change of implementation of layer s service transparent to rest of system e.g., change in gate procedure doesn t affect rest of system 13
14 Roadmap What s the Internet Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view 3a-14
15 Layering Some history : The OSI Reference Model ISO (International Standards Organization) defined the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model to help vendors create interoperable network implementation Fig. Steen, Sips : Computer and Network organization ``X dot" series (X.25, X. 400, X.500) OSI model implementation (protocol stack) 15
16 Internet protocol stack layers&protocols Application: protocols supporting network applications http (web), smtp ( ), p2p, streaming transport: process2process (end2end) data transfer protocols UDP, TCP network: routing of datagrams (independent datapackets), connecting different physical networks IP addressing, routing protocols, virtualization, virtualization, virtualization link: protocols for data transfer between neighboring ( ie physically connected) network nodes Ethernet, WiFi, physical: protocols for bit-transmission/receipt on the physical medium between neighboring network nodes application transport UDP TCP network link physical 16
17 Internet protocol stack Architecture simple but not as thoroughly thought as OSI s no clear distinction between interface-design and implementations; Internet stack missing : Presentation layer: interpret meaning of data, e.g., encryption, compression, Session layer: synchronization, checkpointing, Transport protocols with timing guarantees these services, if needed, must be implemented in application Successful protocol suite (de-facto standard) was there when needed (OSI implementations were too complicated) freely distributed with UNIX Accumulating some fat around its waist though Internet standards RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force 17
18 Roadmap What s the Internet Nuts&bolts view Service view Distinction between network edge and network core Layers of abstraction, protocols ISO/OSI & Internet layer structure Data communication through layers: physical and logical view 18
19 segment datagram frame message H l H t H n H t H n H t M M M M Logical communication source application transport network link physical Physical communication Layered communication: Encapsulation link physical switch H l H n H n H t H t H t M M M M destination application transport network link physical H l H n H n H t H t M M network link physical H n H t M router 19
20 Chapter 1a: Summary We discussed what s the Internet what s a protocol? protocol layers, service models We will continue (next lecture) with Network edge & network core services & functionality overview More on Internet structure overview access nets, physical media backbones, NAPs, ISPs Performance concerns: delays, loss Security concerns To provide : context, overview, feel of networking A point of reference for context in the zoom-in discussions to come 20
21 Reading instructions (incl.next lecture) 1. Kurose Ross book Careful Quick 6/e, 7/e: 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 the rest Extra Reading (optional) Computer and Network Organization: An Introduction, by Maarten van Steen and Henk Sips, Prentice Hall (very good introductory book for non-cse students) 21
22 Review questions Review questions from Kurose-Ross book, chapter 1 (for basic study) 6/e, 7/e: R11, R12, R13, R16, 17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R28. Extra questions, for further study: delay analysis in packet switched networks: SimpleAnalysis.pdf 22
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