IJETST- Vol. 03 Issue 05 Pages May ISSN

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1 International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology Wireless Safety Device For Workers Working Underground Ankit Jha, Arpit Govila, Aradhana Patra, K. Harisudha Dept. of Information and Telecommunication Engineering SRM University, Kattankulathur,Chennai, Tamil Nadu Abstract ---- This review paper illustrates the manifestation of eccentric wireless safety device for workers working beneath the ground using the ZigBee wireless network. Our safety device system incorporates of an Arduino UNO Board, Zigbee wireless module, Toxic gas sensor, buzzer alarm and Arduino IDE software. Arduino and wireless ZigBee have advantages in terms of its long span of battery support and less costlier when compared to various other devices or protocols in the same genre. There are several objectives that need to be accomplished in developing this project which are to develop a wireless safety device for workers working below the ground using a ZigBee wireless network and to evaluate the effectiveness of the safety device by examining the variations in terms of different places under the ground and the performance of toxic gas sensor too. It can also detect methane when goes in excessive amount or beyond a certain threshold which will be indicated by the alarm which is a buzzer. Furthermore, this review paper propounds certain ways as in where all such kind of device can be brought to use and recommendation on future studies for a wireless safety device for workers working beneath the surface of earth. Keywords ZigBee, Toxic Gas Sensor (MQ2), Temp Sensor (LM35), Arduino. I. INTRODUCTION It has been noticed and quantified that a large no. of workers which are working under the ground faces their demise due to either collapsing of roof beneath which they usually worked or direct inhalation of toxic gases. The collapsing of the roof is due to the lack of tendency of soil to hold itself. The capability of soil to hold itself all together with all its components of minerals is known as soil binding capacity. Degradation of this factor in soil takes place in the scenario where there is presence of poisonous gases beyond the optimized threshold of human tolerance, which apparently culminates to soil loosening and further causes the collapsing of the roof. effect on soil, it affects on the human respiratory system. Therefore, this device should be considered as safety equipment which should be implemented almost everywhere where some underground maintenance process is ongoing in order to achieve a Risk-Free environment and annihilate every single tiniest possibility of loss of lives. Furthermore, this device will provide an alarming indicator which will further insinuate the workers regarding the hazardous environment of the premise which they are working in. Statistics show that the fatal incidents which took place due to falling of the roof have the greatest contribution in the total fatal accidents that had taken place. These fatal incidents have been greatly observed in many parts of the world and but greater in number in India. Based on statistical fatal accident cases furnished by US Department of Health and Human Services, most of the deaths have occurred due to the presence of poisonous gases out of which methane carries the dominancy. These toxic gases or methane gas when inhaled by someone beyond a certain level causes Cardiovascular Collapse due to the acute Myocardial Ischemia. Hence, besides having its From the above pie chart, the no of people died due to collapsing of land upon them contributes the maximum. On the other hand, the count of workers facing their demise because of direct inhalation of poisonous or noxious gases has their contribution at third position. Thus, a wireless safety device should be manifested and implemented for worker safety so Ankit Jha, Page 479

2 that to reduce the no. of deaths particularly in this sector. This would help workers, prevent them from danger and will further provide them a risk free environment for working. This paper entails the procreation of a wireless safety machine using Zigbee protocol (wireless), or Zigbee wireless network which is based on existing systems. However, instead of using the cabling structure or CAN7 network for the construction and implementation, the system will utilize Zigbee wireless network. The reason of using the Zigbee wireless device is one its impeccable quality which comprises of long battery backup and long life span. The device will be of no use if it goes out of battery and need to be charged. Hence, in spite of bringing just conventional wireless n/w, it will use Zigbee protocol which is wireless in nature, which in turn needs a wireless module to cooperate with the Arduino board and also power supply for communicating between those components and operates well. Adding to it, Zigbee protocol is far less complicated and much cheaper than Bluetooth and Rf Id. Zigbee protocol is a wireless protocol standardised by IEEE with a standard of primarily for remote monitoring, control and sensor network uses or applications. This extended modification with Zigbee protocol is procreated to cater the requirement of a economical, low standard focused wireless networking solution that endorses low data-rates along with least possible power consumption and reliability. The following Table 1 shows the characteristics of Zigbee wireless protocol. TABLE I. CHARACTERISTICS OF ZIGBEE WIRELESS NETWORK Standard Applications Monitoring based and Control System Resources 50 to 60 Kbytes Network Size 65, to 250 depending on Bandwidth (Kbp/s) frequency used Maximum Transmission Range(m) Approx Up to 64 bit IEEE Addressing Space Address devices Topologies Star, peer to peer, Mesh Success Metric Reliability, low-power Consumption and cheap Besides Zigbee, the most important element of this entire setup is the toxic gas Sensor which will quantify the poisonous gas s content in the atmosphere which eventually affects the workers health and the soil binding capacity. This review paper attempts to be more specific towards the manifestation of such a device which would be substantially effective and useful in detecting the unsuitable environment of toxic gas that contributes to fatal accidents and it takes two factors into account. First is the Toxic gas concentration and the other is the temperature of the premise. If the temp goes beyond 40 degree Celsius, the buzzer will flare out the sound which will further indicate about the harmful environment within the premises. In addition, the buzzer at the hub will also be triggered when the above stated condition is acquired. II. METHODOLOGY The development of this project was divided into two main parts which are: Hardware Architecture and Software Development. In order to make this system working and effective, both hardware and software parts will play an important role The board used here to interface all the peripherals required is user-friendly in nature i.e. Arduino Uno R3. Looking forward to it, it has Ankit Jha, Page 480

3 AtMega 328 chip which has 14 digital I/O pins (out of which six of them can be used for Pulse Width Modulation inputs or outputs). It also has 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power port, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The figure 1 shows the equipments used. Likewise, Figure 2. Gives the block diagram of the circuit placed on the helmet. Fig. 2. Hardware Architecture Transmitter circuit in the worker s helmet :- Toxic gas sensor used in this safety device acts primarily as a methane gas sensor which detects methane gas, toxic gases and traces of smoke, other combustible gases like butane etc. This Toxic Gas Sensor as one of the peripherals is interfaced with the propounds the detection of the methane and its family of all toxic gases. In this hardware, we overall need two hardware setups, out of which one is for the worker unit and the other for the hub where the supervisor will be seated. For the worker unit the entire circuit will be placed at the top of the helmet with a protective layer over it. So, in this way wherever the worker moves, the circuit would move along with him. The worker s unit comprises of Zigbee Transmitter, gas sensor, temp sensor, a buzzer interfaced with the Arduino board. The circuit placed in the hub comprises of the Zigbee receiver, buzzer and the LCD (16*2). Fig. 1. Overall Hardware Equipment In this hardware, when the gas concentration will go above 200ppm or the temperature goes beyond 40 degrees Celsius, a message will be sent by the Zigbee transmitter to the Zigbee receiver. Simultaneously, the buzzer will be activated and will start flaring sound which would indicate the workers to evacuate the working premises. The same will be done when both the sensors will get a value beyond the threshold. transmitter and the other is for receiver. Both of the modules have arduino board and the buzzer in common while the transmitter part has Zigbee Transmitter and the receiver part has the Zigbee receiver as its one of the peripheral device. The transmitter used for sending the data collected from the methane sensor through Zigbee wireless network communication standard The Zigbee receiver module is attached to the laptop using USB cable to receive the data and will display it in the monitoring software inside the laptop. If the temperature level has been crossed then a certain Message A will be sent to the Zigbee transmitter from the Arduino board. Message B will be sent when the gas concentration crosses the threshold and message C will be sent when the levels of both the sensors will be crossed over their thresholds. The overall architecture of this device comes after bringing two hardware modules into activity all together at the same time. One is for the Ankit Jha, Page 481

4 Receiver at the HUB:- Fig. 4 Hardware Module of Receiver placed at the HUB. Fig. 3 Connection between Arduino Uno, Buzzer,Zigbee, Temp Sensor and Gas Sensor Figure 3 shows the simulated connection structure of Arduino UNO with the Zigbee (Xbee) module placed at the corner of the simulated sheet, temp sensor, gas sensor and the buzzer. The upper shown connections are simulated in Proteus ISIS simulator tool. The Zigbee transmitter once gaining the information from the Arduino will send the information to the Zigbee receiver at the hub. The LED in the above diagram acts as the buzzer as the simulator did not have a buzzer in its library.there are 3 phases in which the Zigbee will transmit the data. First one would when the temperature would be high, Second one would be when the gas concentration alone will be high and the third one is when the levels of both the sensors are high enough. Next comes the Receiver module which doesn t comprises of the sensors, but one LCD and one buzzer. Figure 4. Shows the block diagram of components as in how they all will be connected. The Zigbee Receiver on getting the information from the Zigbee transmitter will send the information to the arduino which will further decide what has to be done next.if the message received by the Zigbee receiver is A then the buzzer will be activated and a message will be displayed as High Temperature. In the same way, if the data received is B then the LCD will display High Gas Concentration and Unstable Environment if it receives C as the data. The circuit design of this module is also simulated in Proteus ISIS simulator tool and the results were fine. Fig. 5 Connection between Arduino Uno, LCD, Zigbee and buzzer. Figure 5 shows the connections done in the simulator. Based on the information received it is displayed different kinds of results in the LCD with activated buzzer under all conditions.. Fig.6 Different results on receiving different results. B. Software Development: Once the hardware has setup, then every component has to be interfaced by using software i.e. Ardunio IDE. The codes are to be written in this software and then are to be loaded with the Arduino. Before they are loaded in the Arduino, every code is checked or verified in the simulator i.e. Proteus ISIS Professional Simulator. Since, there are two hardware modules. So, there are two different sets of coding which has been implemented. First one is for running the Transmitter module and second is for running the Receiver module. Ankit Jha, Page 482

5 Fig 7: Coding for calibrating Temperature and Gas sensor (Transmitter) III. CONCLUSION At the end, based on its simplicity and feasibility a wireless safety machine or device can be conceived for the proletariats working beneath the ground and further shall be very subtle when comes to implementation. The transmitter circuit will be placed in the worker s helmet which gives them a huge portability of their safety device. Further, if there are presences of toxic gases in such an amount which is harmful for workers or can probably incapacitate them, this device will really be useful in taking precautions so that any sort of miss-happening can be prevented. Moreover, for extra security reasons the supervisor will also be informed regarding the environment of the working premises so that he can also deal with it manually and prevent and loss of lives. Apart from all this the buzzer will also act as an indicator which would alert all the workers and the supervisor. IV. FUTURE WORK The device can be improved to make it even more efficient and effective. There are several ways in which the battery can be enhanced so that the no. of re-charging required is less. The battery can also be improved in terms of the weight of its own. Fig 8: Coding for Receiver Module V. REFERENCES [1] Dange KM, Patil RT, Design of monitoring system for coal mine safety based on MSP430, International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 2013 Jul; 2(7): [2] Rajkumar Boddu, P. Balanagu ZigBee based mine Safety Monitoring8System with GSM International Journal of Computer & Communication Technology, Volume-3, Issue-5, [3] G. Pradeep Reddy, Gerardine Immaculate Mary Optimal node placement in wireless sensor networks IJEST, Vol. 3 No. 2 Feb 2011, pp [4] Song J, Zhu Y, Dong F. Automatic Monitoring System for Coal Mine Safety based on Wireless Sensor Network, Cross Strait Quad- Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference; [5] Xianli Q, Mingchao F, Bin S, Coal Mine gas wireless monitoring system based on WSNs, Second International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation, 2011; IEEE. [6] Rong L. A study of the security monitoring system in coal mine underground based on WSN. 2011; IEEE. Ankit Jha, Page 483