IOT BASED SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK AND EMBEDDED LINUX BOARD

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1 e-issn Volume 2 Issue 7, July 2016 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : IOT BASED SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK AND EMBEDDED LINUX BOARD Kusum Lata 1, Shri S. K. Singh 2 1,2 Department of Electronics Design &Technology, NIELIT, Gorakhpur Abstract In many places, it can be seen that the Municipal garbage bins are overflowing and they are not cleaned at proper time. As a result of which the consequences are severe. It includes overflow of garbage which results in land pollution, spread of diseases. It also creates unhygienic conditions for people, and ugliness to that place. There should be a system that can monitor the bin and can give the information of filling of the bin to the municipality using wireless sensor network so that the bin can be cleaned on time and the environment can be safeguarded. This paper presents the Smart waste management system that identifies fullness of the bin using a wireless sensor network (WSN) and embedded Linux board and inform the authorized person for the cleaning of the bin. The system provides a web interface to the cleaning authority so that they can monitor and clean the garbage bin. In this paper, Raspberry Pi is used as an embedded Linux board which is designed based on the arm 11 microcontroller architecture. Embedded Linux board makes the communication with all distributed sensor s placed in the tested area through ZigBee protocol and itself act as a coordinated in the wireless sensor network. The goal of coordinator is to collect the parameters like level of the bin and odor wirelessly. Each sensor consists of level sensor and gas sensors and one ZigBee RF antenna device for communication with the coordinator. Raspberry Pi stores collected data in the database and analyzes the stored data. The board has an Ethernet interface and runs the simple data web server. Hence coordinator collects the data over ZigBee wireless communication protocol and allow user to monitor the data from a web browser. Cleaning authority can collect the garbage on time. Keywords Wireless sensor network; Raspberry Pi (Rpi); Embedded linux board; Zigbee ; Level sensor. I. INTRODUCTION The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects communicate and exchange information to provide advanced intelligent services for users. The current IoT performs sensing, actuating, data gathering, storing, and processing by connecting physical or virtual devices to the Internet. Owing to the characteristics and merits of IoT services, waste management has also become a significant issue in academia, industry, and government as major IoT application fields. With increase in the global population and rising demand for food and other materials, there has been a rise in the amount of waste being generated daily by each house and locality. This waste is ultimately thrown into municipal bins and ultimately, waste collection centers from where it is collected by the area municipalities to be further thrown into the landfills and dumping areas. However, either due to resource crunch or inefficient infrastructure and facilities, not all of this waste gets collected and transported to the final dumping sites. If at this stage the management All rights Reserved 210

2 disposal is not done properly, it can cause serious impacts on health and the problems to the surrounding.this indiscriminate and illegal discharge of waste, an absence of waste disposal and management systems, and inefficient waste management policies have caused serious environmental problems and have incurred considerable costs for waste disposal. Cleaning of garbage bin at proper intervals will ensure proper cleanliness of the surrounding. But regularly manually monitoring the garbage level is a hectic job. Thus, to reduce human effort, we propose A Smart Garbage Bin. II. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE USED FOR SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Design of smart waste management system is as shown in Fig.1, Coordinator manages the multiple Router/End device s. The system consists of three parts Coordinator, Router/End device sensor and web server design. Coordinator and End device sensor is linked by radio transceiver. It will allow transmitting garbage bin data from End device sensor to coordinator. The wireless communication is based on ZigBee protocol it uses 2.4 GHz wireless link. The web server is designed on Rpi for monitoring the status of garbage bin. Any devices which have the capability to access the web service will be used here for monitoring the data like PC, laptop, smartphone etc. Fig. 1. Outside Network Embedded system based co-ordinator Co-ordinator Fig.1. Architecture of All rights Reserved 211

3 2.1. Raspberry Pi In this proposed system we have used Raspberry Pi as the controller of coordinator. Rpi is the small, inexpensive minicomputer. It continuously collects the information send by sensor s via ZigBee, and processing large quantities of data timely and available for users to view. It is the core of the system End device sensor used here to sense the level and odor of the garbage bin. It is designed using Arduino UNO microcontroller board based on Atmega 328. It consist of the ZigBee protocol based radio transceiver, power supply unit, level sensor(ultrasonic) and gas sensors (CO2,H2S,NH3,Methane etc) and data logger for temporary storage. It will sense the garbage bin parameter typically at one-minute intervals and send back to the coordinator via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol. Level Gas Load cell Wireless Transmis -sion (Zigbee Module) Fig.2. Block diagram of sensor 2.3. ZigBee A ZigBee protocol for wireless communication which is based on the underlying protocol IEEE , which defines the network physical layer, and controlling layer for media access, while ZigBee protocol defines the network layer, application layer and specifications of the network security services Database and web server In this proposed system we have designed the database based on MySQL which is installed on Rpi. MySQL is the popular choice of database in a web application. MySQL is the relational database management system (RDBMS). It is open source software. Database stores the soil parameter information send by a sensor in it with time. It provides the information to the web page for monitoring the system remotely s Ultrasonic Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the level of bin. A set of three ultrasonic sensors will be placed at an angle of 120 degrees from each other so that the whole area of bin is covered. The bin will have a protecting box at the center top where the ultrasonic sensors will be placed. The range of ultrasonic sensor may vary according to size of dustbin. The waste in the garbage bin may be of any state. Considering all the parameters, the specifications of the ultrasonic sensors can be All rights Reserved 212

4 Load cell Load cell will be placed at the bottom 4 corners of bin. These are used as secondary sensors. If the ultrasonic sensors fail to give output, these can be used as reference Gas sensors Gas sensors are used to detect the odor of the garbage bin. Sometimes, garbage bins are not filled completely but the waste i.e. organic materials begin to decompose. This decomposition causes bad smell in the surrounding. This bad smell is due to some gases like H2S, Ammonia, etc. So, gas sensors sense these gases and compare the levels of these gases with the threshold value. If the output of the gas sensors is higher than the threshold value then the data is sent to the coordinator. Message is displayed for emptying the garbage bin on the web page. III. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OPERATION We deploy the two or more sensor (garbage bin) separated from each other. Each sensor contains a set of three ultrasonic sensors as level sensor, load sensors and one ZigBee transceiver. Ultrasonic sensors will be installed at top portion of the bin along with it there will be load cells for pressure measurement purpose. Ultrasonic sensors will be interfaced with ultrasonic signal conditioning chip. Whereas the signal from array of 4 load cells will be given to Analog to Digital Converter. The programming on the Arduino board is suchway that after every minute sensor sends garbage bin parameter data to coordinator via the ZigBee wireless communication protocol. The XBee transceiver device has a unique 64 bit serial address and 16 bit personal area network address (PAN). PAN ID is same for every Xbee device working on the same network. The XBee devices will go to sleep mode after every minute to support minimize power consumption. Flowchart of a shown in fig.3 Coordinate contains Xbee transceiver, database, and Web server. It collects the sensor data continuously and stores it in a MySQL database. Two sensor never transmits the data simultaneously, because the ZigBee protocol having the mechanism of collision detection. If sensor data crosses the threshold value, coordinator displays the message of emptying the garbage bin. The web server is designed on the Rpi. It is based on Apache open source software. It provides the web interface to the user to monitor and control the system remotely. The user can access the system status using an internet access device like personal computer, laptop, and smart phone. START Read sensor Data Stored data in datalogger Send data to coordinator Sleep for a minute Fig.3. End device sensor All rights Reserved 213

5 IV. CONCLUSION Through this paper we intend to propose a technological process for waste management system. The smart garbage bin will display a message for emptying the garbage bin when the garbage bin is about to fill through the coordinator. Through this smart approach, the data is shared between devices so that the responsible authority can take further steps for cleaning of the garbage bin. The smart waste management system is aimed at providing people a better surrounding devoid of odor of waste material with no risk of health issues. REFERENCES [1] Shubham Thakker, R.Narayanamoorthi, Smart and Wireless Waste Management, IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems /15. [2] C. K. N. Gupta and G. L. Shekar, Electronic Waste Management System In Bangalore A Review, J. of Management & Technology,Vol. 1. No. 1. Pp , [3] B. Slater, G. Smylie, S. Thompson, H. Bruemmer, Advancing Information Technology in the Waste Management World, WM2008 Conference, February 24-28, 2008, Phoenix, AZ. [4] Waheed Ahmad Arbab, Faheem Ijaz, Tae Min Yoon, Chankil Lee, A USN based Automatic Waste Collection System, ICACT 2012, February 19 22, [5] Xinwen Chi, Martin Streicher-Porte, Mark Y.L. Wang, Markus A. Reuter, Informal electronic waste recycling: A sector review with special focus on China, Waste Management 31 (2011) J. Wyatt April. Maximizing Waste Management Efficiency through the Use of RFID Texas All rights Reserved 214