Data Center Virtualization: Xen and Xen-blanket
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1 Data Center Virtualization: Xen and Xen-blanket Hakim Weatherspoon Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science CS 5413: High Performance Systems and Networking November 17, 2014 Slides from ACM European Conference on Computer Systems 2012 presentation of The Xen-Blanket: Virtualize Once, Run Everywhere and Dan Williams dissertation
2 Goals for Today The Xen-Blanket: Virtualize Once, Run Everywhere D. Williams, H. Jamjoom, and H. Weatherspoon. ACM European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), April 2012, pages
3 Background & motivation Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds Inter-cloud migration? Uniform image? Advanced hypervisor level management?
4 research challenges Lack of interoperability between clouds How can cloud user homogenize clouds? Lack of control in cloud networks What cloud network abstraction enables enterprise workload to run without modification? Lack of efficient cloud resource utilization How can cloud users exploit oversubscription in the cloud while handling overload? 5
5 Xen-Blanket A second-layer hypervisor Inter-cloud migration? Uniform image? Advanced hypervisor level management? Xen-Blanket
6 Xen-Blanket Xen-Dom 0 H guest Xen-Blanket (Eurosys 12) H guest Xen-Dom 0 Dom 0 Dom U Ring 3 App App Ring 1 Kernel Kernel Kernel Kernel Ring 0 Xen Kernel Xen Xen-Blanket
7 contributions towards superclouds Cloud interoperability Enable cloud user to homogenize clouds The Xen-Blanket Enterprise Workloads Supercloud Cloud Interoperability (The Xen-Blanket) Third-Party Clouds 8
8 contributions towards superclouds Cloud interoperability User control of cloud networks Enable cloud user to implement network control logic VirtualWire Enterprise Workloads User Control of Cloud Networks (VirtualWire) Supercloud Cloud Interoperability (The Xen-Blanket) Third-Party Clouds 9
9 contributions towards superclouds Cloud interoperability User control of cloud networks Efficient cloud resource utilization Enable cloud user to oversubscribe resources and handle overload Overdriver Enterprise Workloads User Control of Cloud Networks (VirtualWire) Supercloud Cloud Interoperability (The Xen-Blanket) Third-Party Clouds Efficient Cloud Resource Utilization (Overdriver) 10
10 roadmap: towards superclouds Cloud interoperability User control of cloud networks Efficient cloud resource utilization Enterprise Workloads User Control of Cloud Networks (VirtualWire) Supercloud Efficient Cloud Resource Utilization (Overdriver) Related work Future work Conclusion Cloud Interoperability (The Xen-Blanket) Third-Party Clouds 11
11 Clouds are not interoperable Image format not yet standard AMI, Open Virtualization Format (OVF) Paravirtualized device interfaces vary virtio, Xen Hypervisor-level services not standard Autoscale, migration, CPU bursting Need homogenization (consistent interfaces, services across clouds) 12
12 provider-centric homogenization Rely on support from provider May take years, if ever (e.g., standardization) INTERFACE Cloud A INTERFACE Cloud B Least common denominator functionality Consistent /Device/Hypervisor Interfaces Consistent Hypervisorlevel Services 13
13 user-centric homogenization No special support from provider Can be done today INTERFACE Custom, userspecific functionality Consistent /Device/Hypervisor Interfaces INTERFACE 1 INTERFACE 2 Cloud A Cloud B Consistent Hypervisorlevel Services 14
14 nested virtualization approaches Require support by bottom level hypervisor No modifications to top-level hypervisor The Turtles Project (OSDI 10) (provider-centric) No support from bottom level hypervisor Modify top-level hypervisor The Xen-Blanket (user-centric) 15
15 the xen-blanket Assumption: User 1 User 2 Existing clouds provide full virtualization (H) Future work: Xen-Blanket in paravirtualized guest Xen-Blanket User controlled M Xen / K Provider controlled M Xen-Blanket User controlled M No support for nested virtualization Hardware 16
16 without hypervisor support No virtualization hardware exposed to second layer Can use paravirtualization or binary translation We use paravirtualization (Xen) Heterogeneous device interfaces Create set of Blanket drivers for each interface We have built drivers for Xen and K (virtio) 17
17 PV device I/O Paravirtualized device I/O essential for performance Domain 0 hides physical device details from guests Ring 3 Ring 1 Ring 0 Dom 0 Physical Device Driver Backend Driver Guest Frontend Driver Kernel User Xen Hardware 18
18 PV-on-H H guest still needs PV device I/O Platform PCI Driver makes Xen internals look like PCI device Ring 3 Ring 1 Ring 0 Dom 0 Physical Device Driver Backend Driver H Guest H Frontend Driver Kernel User Physical device details still hidden from guests Xen Hardware Xen Platform PCI Driver 19
19 blanket drivers Physical device details are hidden from entire Xen-Blanket instance Ring 3 Dom 0 H Guest Dom 0 Guest Blanket Frontend Driver interfaces with provider-specific device interface like PV-on-H Ring 1 Ring 0 Physical Device Driver Backend Driver Blanket Frontend Driver Blanket Hypercalls Backend Driver Xen-Blanket Frontend Driver Provider-specific device interface details are hidden from second-layer guests Xen Hardware 20
20 technical details Address translation Virtual addresses are two translations from machine addresses (needed for DMA) Hypercall assistance Communication between frontend blanket driver and backend driver vmcall must be issued from ring 0 Most hypercalls are passthrough Many more details in thesis 21
21 overhead evaluation setup Used up to 2 physical hosts (six-core 2.93 GHz Intel Xeon X5670 processors, 24 GB of memory, four 1 TB disks, and 1 Gbps link) 22
22 lmbench microbenchmarks Native (µs) H (µs) PV (µs) Xen-Blanket (µs) Null Call Fork Proc Ctxt switch (2p/64K) Page fault Compare Xen-Blanket to PV 23
23 blanket driver overhead Two s on two physical hosts using netperf Can receive at line speed on 1Gbps link Within 15% CPU utilization of single layer 24
24 kernbench Up to 68% overhead on kernbench APIC emulation causes many vmexits 25
25 user-defined oversubscription Type CPU (ECUs) Memory (GB) Disk (GB) Price ($/hr) Small Cluster 4XL Factor 33.5x 13.5x 10x 18.8x Resources do not all scale the same as price Opportunity to exploit CPU scaling 26
26 kernbench revisited kernbench kernel compile benchmark Rent one 4XL EC2 instance Use Xen-Blanket to partition it 40 ways All instances (on average) finished the same time as EC2 small instance 47% price reduction per per hour 27
27 cloud interoperability The Xen-Blanket User-centric homogenization Nested virtualization without support from underlying hypervisor Runs on today's clouds (e.g., Amazon EC2) Download the code: New opportunities performance: user-defined oversubscription 28
28 Before Next time Project Interim report Due Monday, November 24. And meet with groups, TA, and professor Fractus Upgrade: Should be back online Required review and reading for Wednesday, November 19 Extending networking into the virtualization layer, B. Pfaff, J. Pettit, T. Koponen, K. Amidon, M. Casado, S. Shenker. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networking (HotNets), October final143.pdf Check piazza: Check website for updated schedule
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