Fast Handoff for Seamless Wireless Mesh Networks
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1 Fast Handoff for Seamless Wireless Mesh Networks Yair Amir, Claudiu Danilov, Michael Hilsdale, Raluca Musaloiu-Elefteri, Nilo Rivera Distributed Systems and Networks Lab Johns Hopkins University MobiSys 2006
2 Motivation Over 200 million chips sold Wireless becoming the Norm for Internet connectivity VoIP becoming popular Want a wireless infrastructure that allows unmodified clients to connect and roam freely with real-time fast handoff 2
3 Rethinking the Problem How will clients connect to the wireless infrastructure? BSS (Infrastructure) or IBSS (Ad-Hoc) Mode How should we route to and from the mobile client? Should clients be part of the Routing Topology What is the natural way of routing to the Internet Gateway How can we achieve fast handoff? Does handoff have to be Hard and Forward Can the wireless infrastructure (not the mobile client) control the handoff Can we reroute packets fast enough. 3
4 SMesh Internet
5 Related Work Handoff on Wireless Networks Handoff in Cellular Wireless Networks [Seshan, Balakrishnan and Katz, Kluwer Journal on Wireless Personal Communications, 1996] Fast and Scalable Handoff [Caceres and Padmanabhan, MOBICOM, 1996] An Empirical Analysis of Handoff [Mishra, Shin and Arbaugh, SIGCOMM, 2003] SyncScan [Ramani and Savage, INFOCOM, 2005] Wireless Mesh Networks Metricom Ricochet, MIT Roofnet, Microsoft MCL, Rice TAPS, UCSB MeshNet,... 5
6 Outline Architecture Overlay Communication Infrastructure Client Seamless Access Sending and Receiving packets Fast Handoff Client Quality Metric Client Mobility Experimental Results 6
7 Architecture Overview Unmodified Mobile client Connectivity Interface with Mobile Client Handle client connectivity Handoff Logic Data Packet Proxy to handle client packets Communication Infrastructure Topology Management Multi-Hop Communication (Routing) Medium (Wireless Mesh and the Internet) 7
8 SMesh Architecture Unmodified Mobile Client Device SMesh Communication Infrastructure Interface with Mobile Clients Spines Wireless Mesh (UDP/IP Unicast) Internet 8
9 SMesh Architecture Unmodified Mobile Client Device DHCP Client ARP Applications SMesh Interface with Mobile Clients DHCP Server Handoff Algorithm Client Link Quality Control Group Interceptor Destination Data Group Packet Proxy Raw Socket Client Data Group NAT Spines Communication Infrastructure Link-State Routing Data Router Group Multicast and Anycast Wireless Mesh (UDP/IP Unicast) Internet 9
10 Generic Overlay Network Spines Messaging System [DSN 2003], [NOSSDAV 2005] Hello Protocol Routing Metrics Multicast / Anycast Transparent API 10
11 Client Seamless Access Use Standard DHCP Protocol Ensure client always gets the same IP address Assign IP based on MAC address Make client route all packets through a Virtual Default Gateway Default Internet Gateway: Netmask: Send Gratuitous ARP to associate Default Gateway IP with the Access Point 11
12 Routing Groups Internet 1 7 NAT 8 Gateway Anycast Group Multicast Data Group Multicast Control Group Multicast Data Group Client B Client A
13 Outline Architecture Overlay Communication Infrastructure Client Seamless Access Sending and Receiving packets Fast Handoff Client Quality Metric Client Mobility Experimental Results 13
14 Client Quality Metric Make client Broadcast a DHCP request every 2 seconds DHCP T1 and T2 Timers Measure Loss Rate on Broadcast DHCP Packets Broadcast Packets are Not Retransmitted Client Quality Metric M NEW = M OLD * Df + Const * Received * (1 Df) 0 < Df < 1 M = Link Quality Measure Df = Decay Factor Received = DHCP Packets Received on Window Const = 30 (Granularity + Integer Mapping) 14
15 Fast Lossless Handoff Nearby Access Points share metric on Client Control Group periodically Best of them joins Client Data Group, and Unicast Gratuitous ARP We need to guarantee that, at all times, there is at least one member in the Data Group When not best and in Data Group, send Leave Requests Leave Request ACK can only be sent by members of the DATA Group not currently sending a Leave Request. Disagreement is allowed A Tie between members resolved by IP address 15
16 Outline Architecture Overlay Communication Infrastructure Client Seamless Access Sending and Receiving packets Fast Handoff Client Quality Metric Client Mobility Experimental Results 16
17 17
18 18
19 SMesh Testbed Test Internet Full Duplex VoIP Internet <==> Client Each Stream Client G Kbps 160 bytes / 20 ms 19
20 Stationary Client: Latency Internet -> Mobile Client Mobile Client -> Internet Packets delayed over 100ms 9 packets Packets delayed over 100ms 16 packets 20
21 Moving Client: Latency Internet -> Mobile Client Mobile Client -> Internet Packets delayed over 100ms 55 packets Packets delayed over 100ms 56 packets 21
22 Moving Client: Duplicates Internet -> Mobile Client 22
23 Moving Client: Handoff Zoom Internet -> Mobile Client 23
24 24
25 Conclusion Seamless Wireless Mesh Network with Fast Handoff Uses only common Internet and protocols System Demonstrated on Practical Deployment SMESH 25
26 Moving Client: Loss Internet -> Mobile Client 26
27 Overhead Internet -> Mobile Client 27
28 Failover Mobile Client -> Internet 28
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