Border Router Discovery Protocol (BRDP) Based Routing
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- Jason Cameron
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1 Border Router Discovery Protocol (DP) Based Routing Exit routing for multi-homed networks (my sponsor) draft-boot-autoconf-brdp-01.txt draft-boot-brdp-based-routing-00.txt Teco Boot / 21 November 2008 IRTF Routing Research Group (RRG) 1
2 Multi-homed edge network with traffic blocked by ingress filter CN -a Node1 -b Edge network Blocked! Node2 Known solutions: 1. Traffic from Node2 is forwarded to -a 2. -b accepts -a owned source addresses???. Node2 starts new connection with prefix from -b???. Address translation??? 2, and : What are the issues? 2 DP based routing IETF-7
3 Goal: support for multi-homed edge networks with multi-homed nodes. CN -a Node1 -b Edge network Node2 But how to do this? DP based routing IETF-7
4 Problems with default gateway routing in a multi-homed network Next hop selection is based on destination address Multiple DGWs (default gateways): Source has no influence on what DGW is used for sent traffic Three options (at least) Single DGW is used Packet load balancing Flow load balancing Seen from source perspective: used (Border Router) is guesswork s may have ingress filters (is a SHOULD) Result: In a multi-homed network, outgoing traffic could be blocked on when Source Address does not correspond with delegated prefix of used See also: RFC5220 section Ingress Filtering Problem RFC70 section.. Send Traffic Using a Provider Prefix Only to That Provider draft-ietf-shim6-ingress-filtering section. The problem: Ingress filtering incompatibility DP based routing IETF-7
5 Problems with default gateway routing in a multi-homed network Next hop selection is based on destination address Multiple DGWs (default gateways): Source has no influence on what DGW is used for sent traffic Three options (at least) Single DGW is used Packet load balancing Flow load balancing Seen from source perspective: used (Border Router) is guesswork s may have ingress filters (is a SHOULD) Result: In a multi-homed network, outgoing traffic could be blocked on when Source Address does not correspond with delegated prefix of used See also: RFC5220 section Ingress Filtering Problem RFC70 section.. Send Traffic Using a Provider Prefix Only to That Provider draft-ietf-shim6-ingress-filtering section. The problem: Ingress filtering incompatibility 5 DP based routing IETF-7
6 Current behavior: RFC1812; Section Unicast: (5) The forwarder determines the next hop IP address for the packet, usually by looking up the packet's destination in the router's routing table. This procedure is described in more detail in Section [5.2.]. This procedure also decides which network interface should be used to send the packet. RFC1812; Section Next Hop Address: (5) Default Route: This is a route to all networks for which there are no explicit routes. It is by definition the route whose prefix length is zero DP based routing IETF-7 6
7 DP Based Routing With DP Based Routing, the default route is removed. New heuristic for finding a next hop, only used when first FIB lookup didn t find a nexthop ( draft-boot-brdp-based-routing ) : (6) DP Route: This is a route to all networks for which there are no explicit routes, and a default route is not used. The nexthopip address is found by means of a Border Router Information Cache (IO-Cache) lookup based on the source address and, if a matching IO-Cache entry is found, a subsequent FIB lookup based on the selected Border Router address. DP based routing IETF-7 7
8 IO-Cache: IO-Cache: Table, populated with received or initiated Border Router Information Options ( IOs ) Information is used for generating globally unique addresses is a MANET (DP is designed for Autoconf) A IO provides ingress filter information for the Border Router IOs are flooded hop-by-hop using ND RA Adjustments on metric, hopcount DP based routing IETF-7 8
9 IO format Type Length Prefix Length A F E L S D R r Sequence Number Hopcount reserved Uniform Path Metric reserved Border Router Address address and valid prefix for this DP based routing IETF-7 9
10 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE My example -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 RFC 5220: ================== ================== 2001:db8:0::/6 2001:db8:8000::/ ISP1 ISP :db8:0:::/8 2001:db8:8000::/ Router1 Router :db8:0:1::/6 2001:db8:8000:1::/ :db8:0:1:: Host 2001:db8:8000:1:: Figure 1 10 DP based routing IETF-7
11 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Example -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric 200 DP based routing IETF-7 11
12 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Example -FIB -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 All internal routes are found in FIB Forwarding based on DA No default route!! FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
13 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Example IO-Cache -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 Border Router information, with sender info and metrics FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
14 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Node-a or Node-b sends to Node- -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 Node- 2001:DB8:B::: 1) 2001:DB8:B::: in FIB? Yes FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
15 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Node-a sends to Babe -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 1) 2001:DB8:BABE::BABE in FIB? NO FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
16 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Node-a sends to Babe -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 2) 2001:DB8:A:::A match in IO Cache? YES: 2001:DB8:A::A FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
17 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Node-a sends to Babe -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 ) 2001:DB8:A::A in FIB? YES: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
18 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Node-b sends to Babe -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/6 Node-a 2001:DB8:A:::A Node-b 2001:DB8:B:::B -b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 1: 2001:DB8:BABE::BABE in FIB: NO 2: 2001:DB8:B:::Bmatch in IO Cache : Yes, 2001:DB8:B::B : 2001:DB8:B::B in FIB: Yes, FE80::2 FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
19 2001:DB8:BABE:::BABE Bad sends to Babe -a 2001:DB8:A::A/8 2001:DB8:A:::/6 2001:DB8:B:::/ b 2001:DB8:B::B/8 2001:DB8:BAD::BAD 1: 2001:DB8:BABE::BABE in FIB: NO 2: 2001:DB8:BAD::BAD match in IO Cache : NO : DROP FIB R: 2001:DB8:A::/6 -> FE80::1 # -a 2001:DB8:A:1::/6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:A:2::/6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:A:::/6 -> local 2001:DB8:B::/6 -> FE80::2 # -b 2001:DB8:B:1::/ 6 -> FE80::1 2001:DB8:B:2::/ 6 -> FE80::2 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> local 2001:DB8:B:::/ 6 -> FE80::2 IO Cache R: 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::1 metric 2001:DB8:A::A/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::2 metric :DB8:B::B/8 <= FE80::1 metric DP based routing IETF-7
20 Next steps Rework on Drafts Support for IPv, SA selection, next-hop selection for hosts Get running code Website: Mail: Any help is welcome! Any comment is welcome! DP based routing IETF-7 20
21 Thanks for your attention! DP based routing IETF-7 21
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