MONITORING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS BY USING RASPBERRY PI AND WSN

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1 MONITORING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS BY USING RASPBERRY PI AND WSN Nagaraj Patil Anand K Warad Rahul Patil Master Of Technology Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department Of Electronics And Communication Department Of Electronics and Communication Department Of Electronics and Communication The Oxford College Of Engineering The Oxford College Of Engineering Basavakalyan engineering college Bommanahalli. Banaglore Bommanahalli. Banaglore Basavakalyan, Bidar Abstract This paper presents the wireless sensor network system and Internet of things (IOT), by using WSN it develops an open source hardware platform, raspberry pi (2B model),zigbee and sensors. It is low cost, low power consuming device and highly scalable in a type of sensors and the number of sensor nodes. Sensor node is a combination of sensor, controller and XBee module, which makes it well suited for a wide variety of applications related to environmental monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging key technology for future industries, and environmental monitoring. The raspberry pi is the cheapest ARM11 powered Linux operating system single board computer. Raspberry Pi works as a base station which connects the number of distributed sensor nodes via zigbee protocol. In the wireless sensor networks the zigbee is a high level communication protocol used to create a wireless networks, it consist of a three modes such as end tags, router, and coordinator. Coordinator directly communicates with a base station. In wireless sensor network system the sensor node sense the data from the sensor and that data collects the end tags, end tags send its data to the router and router to coordinator and supply multi-clients services including data display, the whole data will be stored in base station and the stored data will send to the cloud (Ethernet) and also the client can visit the base station remotely via (website) Ethernet. Such a sensors are temperature, vibration, pressure, moisture, light, and pollution. Keywords Ras pberry pi;zigbee;sensor node;sensors I. INTRO DUCTIO N Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a low cost, low power wireless network made up of thousands of smart sensor nodes which monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, moisture, humidity, light, or pollution at different area or different location. These smart sensors constitute a network topology such as mesh topology through self-organization [13]. The sensors nodes can sense the data from their own sensor and can also pass the data to the adjacent nodes. The data that detected by sensor nodes can be transmitted to base station using the way of multi-hop. The sensor network hardware platforms are basically low-power embedded systems with some different sensors such as onboard sensors and analog I/O ports to connect sensors. Like hardware, software should also be developed, including OS, sensor/hardware drivers, networking protocols and application-specific sensing and processing algorithms. In this paper, we used open source raspberry pi is the ARM11 powered embedded Linux board which works on open source Linux operating platforms [2, 4]. Raspberry pi is used as a base station which connects the wireless sensor networks and sensor node. The data that can be detected or sensed by sensor nodes is transmitted to the base station using the way of WSN and then transmit that data to the end user or clients or view that data by the end user or clients by external network (Ethernet etc.)[3]. It can also send command of end user to sensor or network node.zigbee is a high level communication protocol which is specifically designed for wireless sensor network, it is a simple, efficient, reliable, and low cost, lowpower standard of wireless technology[6]. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging key technology for future industries, and environmental monitoring [1]. This paper presents a wireless sensor network system, developed using open-source hardware/software platforms, Raspberry Pi and the ZigBee module. Such a design has the advantages of low cost, easy to build, and easy to maintain, as compared to some earlier designs such as the Texas Environmental Observatory (TEO) system [5]. II. THE OVERALL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Fig.1.the overall system architecture NCADOMS-2016 Special Issue 1 Page 343

2 The figure 1 shows the overall system architecture of environmental monitoring wireless sensor network system [3]. This system consists of raspberry pi as a base station, number of distributed wireless sensor nodes and zigbee protocol. Raspberry pi manages multiple sensor nodes. Each sensor node is combination of sensors, microcontroller and zigbee radio transceiver (Xbee module).sensor node is a major part in this system it is responsible for information or sensor data collection and distribution. In this system architecture, we have combined the gateway node of wireless sensor network, that is raspberry pi (base station) consist of database server and web server in one single-board computer hardware platform, it reduces the cost and complexity of deployment. In system architecture the Sensor node sense the data from the sensor and that data receives the end tag,end tag search the nearest router if router in its range it immediately send the data to the router, next router to coordinator, here coordinator is directly communicate with the base station. Base station sends all data to the cloud or Ethernet (Database server). End Users or clients can interact with the web application within the local area network from any terminal on the Internet to access the sensor data, otherwise it perform remote configuration and management of deployed sensor nodes [3]. As compared to the large scale TEO environmental system that has developed earlier [5], the presented system design in this paper is well suited for small-scale environmental monitoring and data collection and comes with a 1GB of RAM memory[16,17], as this model has better specifications as compared to other raspberry pi models such as raspberry pi B and B+ model[4]. It supports a number of operating systems including a Debianbased Linux distro[4]. Here raspberry pi used as base station; it manages the multiple sensor nodes. Raspberry Pi can be connected to a local area network through Ethernet cable or USB Wi-Fi adapter, and then it can be accessed by more than one client from anywhere in the world. It supports 32GB external SD or micro SD card, the device consist a 4USB ports. The raspberry pi is a low cost, low power credit card size single board computer which has recently become very popular[2,4], which can be easily configured to run without monitor, keyboard, and mouse, which helps to reduce the cost and complexity of deployment. B. ARM7 Processor A. Raspberry pi Fig. 3. ARM 7 Fig. 2. Raspberry Pi The figure 2 shows the Raspberry pi 2B model. It is developed by U.K government; Raspbian which is recommended by raspberry pi foundation. The raspberry pi is the cheapest ARM11 powered Linux operating system single board computer board. This board runs an ARM11 microcontroller The figure 3 shows the ARM 7 LPC 2148 IC, it is 16/32 bit microcontroller [10]. ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) principles, which offers high performance and very low power consumption, and the instruction set and decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer[9]s. In this system uses the Philips LPC2148 which is based on 32 bit ARM7 TDMI core supporting real time, that combine microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory ranging from 32 kb to 512 kb, serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full-speed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I2Cbus and on-chip SRAM of 8 kb up to 40 kb, make these devices very well suited for communication gateways and voice recognition and low end imaging. It is 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels. It is 64 pins and 2 ports, 45 fast GPIO lines pins make these microcontrollers suitable for industrial control and medical systems. 60MHz clock frequency and 3 to 5v CPU operating voltage [15]. NCADOMS-2016 Special Issue 1 Page 344

3 C. Zigbee Standard Zigbee is a high-level communication protocols used to create wireless networks. It is a simple and less expensive than other wireless personal area network such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Transmission distances to meters depending on power output and environmental characteristics, ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through a mesh network topology. The Zigbee transmission data rate is 250 Kbit/s [6]. ZigBee is typically used in low data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking. Zigbee consist of a two nodes that including coordinator node and sensor node, it is best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in home displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that require short range low rate wireless data transfer. The figure 4 shows the zigbee (XBee module). Here we used XBee series module S2 because XBee series S2 module also covers more area than XBee S1 module [8]. Fig. 5. Design of sensor nodes The figure 5 shows design of sensor node, sensor node is a combination of sensors, controller and zigbee. This chip is a high performance, low power 8 bit microcontroller, 32 KB in system self-programmable flash program memory, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB internal SRAM, 10-bit ADC, so it is possible to connect a number of sensors sensor node board[18]. ZigBee devices are particularly suitable for fast prototyping for wireless sensor network applications. It is possible to build complex mesh network using this devices.it can connect number of sensors to the sensor node, The XBee module S2 is connected to sensor node board. it can be easily integrated into any microcontroller or microprocessor systems such as Raspberry Pi through UART serial communication interface. The XBee module is configured as a router on the sensor nodes. Router can relay messages in a mesh network and Coordinator has the capability to control the entire network[8]. Sensor node sense the data from the sensor and sends to the to the end tag. End device can only communicate with the coordinator or the router. Fig. 4. XBEE module XBee functions can be divided by network topology in different ways including the coordinator, router and end device [8]. For wireless network of ZigBee, it will consist of at least two nodes including coordinator node and sensor node types (Router/End device) to be able to communicate and work in PAN (Personal Area network)[7].here one coordinator and one than one router and end tag or end device Wireless sensor network topology is divided into 3 topologies: star topology, cluster tree topology, and mesh Topology. Here using mesh topology because it connects node to node, in which a node (device) transmits its own data to the other nodes [13]. XBee module supports both transparent and application programming interface serial interfaces. II. DESIGN OF SENSOR NODE IV. INTERFACING BETWEEN RASPBERRY PI AND XBEE Raspberry pi acts as a base station which connects to sensor nodes by zigbee communication protocol and clients by external network (internet etc.). For wireless communication and multihop networking protocol, we used XBee series module S2 from Digi international. Xbee module is configured as coordinator on the raspberry pi. Raspberry pi can be connected to XBee module directly through USB cable and also by UART serial communication interface [3]. As XBee module can be configured into three types of devices: coordinator, router, and end device. Coordinator has the capability to control the entire network. The base station also acts as a gateway in this application. The data collected or detected by sensor node sends to the base station and inserts the data received from sensor nodes into database of raspberry pi. Multiple users can access the raspberry pi through Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection within local area network or from anywhere on the internet [11]. NCADOMS-2016 Special Issue 1 Page 345

4 Fig. 7. Program Flowchart of End Tag, Router and Coordinator The figure 7 shows the program flowchart of end tag, router and coordinator. First initialize the WSN board means initialize the sensor node, sensor node sense the data from the sensor and that data receives the end tag, end tag to router and router to coordinator and finally all data stored in base station, base station send its all data in cloud (Ethernet).R1 and R2 are routers and E52 are the end tag device. VI. RESULTS Fig. 6. Interfacing between Raspberry Pi and XBee In wireless sensor network, there are three types of devices: coordinator, router and end tags shows in figure 8. There is only one coordinator in the network, which communicates with the base station (raspberry pi). There can be more than one router and end devices 0r end tag. So, here one Xbee is configured as a coordinator, which is connected with the raspberry pi using UART protocol shows in figure 9,10 Here sensor node is configured as router (R1and R2) and end tag(e52),it will send its real time data to the nearest router. V. FLOWCHART Fig.8.XBee device Step1: In WSN system the sensor node sense the data from the sensor. Step2: Sense data receives the end tags and end tag search the nearest router. Step3: If router it in range than end tag sends the data to the router. Step4: router to coordinator and coordinator directly communicate with base station. NCADOMS-2016 Special Issue 1 Page 346

5 Step7: In wireless sensor network, there are three types of devices, each device sending and receiving data display on LCD. Fig.9. XBee is configured with raspberry pi Step5: In base station stored the all data, the client can visit directly to the base station. Fig.12. received data VII. CONCLUSIONS Fig.10. raspberry pi connect with UART Step6: Base station sends all data to the cloud or Ethernet (Database server) shows in figure 11, end Users or clients can interact with the web application within the local area network. Fig.11.cloud computing This paper designs a wireless sensor network system using Raspberry Pi as a base station, XBee as a networking protocol, sensor node as combination of sensors, controller and zigbee. Comparing with collection and forwarding information or data of traditional base station (gateway), this system has low-cost, low power consumption, and easy to maintain. One major advantage of the system lies in the integration of the gateway node of wireless sensor network, database server, and web server into one single compact, low-power, credit-card-sized computer Raspberry Pi, which can be easily configured to run without monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Such a system is very useful in many environmental monitoring and data collection. REFERENCES 1. C. Pfister, Getting Started with the Internet of Things. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media Inc., Matt Richardson and Shawn Wallace Getting Started with Raspberry Pi., Sheikh Ferdoush, Xinrong Li Wireless Sensor Network System Design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Environmental Monitoring Applications, Elsevier The 9th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications (FNC-2014) 4. RaspberryPi,webpage: wiki/raspberry_pi [April20, 2014] 5. J. Yang, C. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Huang, S. Fu, M.F. Acevedo. Integration of wireless sensor networks in environmental monitoring cyber infrastructure, Wireless Networks, Springer/ACM, Volume 16, Issue 4, pp , May 2010 NCADOMS-2016 Special Issue 1 Page 347

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