CS 598: Advanced Internet

Transcription

1 CS 598: Advanced Internet Brighten Godfrey Fall

2 Today Course Overview Internet History What s Next 2

3 This course is instructed by Brighten Godfrey 3128 Siebel) takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30-4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel comes with FREE office hours: currently, Fri 10:30-11:30am (we ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment has a web site: courses/cs598fa09/ 3

4 Your Instructor Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, Spring 2009, advised by Ion Stoica Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems. Currently Internet and routing architectures. 4

5 Course Goals Learn how the Internet works; how the Internet fails to work; new research reenvisioning the architecture and attacking new problems Experience in networking research, and how to read, criticize and present papers 5

6 Major topics Classic Architecture Congestion Control Routing Security Measurement New Internet Architectures Recent Topics (Overlay/P2P, DTN, data center) Big Challenges Scale Reliability Independence Selfishness Maliciousness Classic & recent, Design & analysis 6

7 Requirements & Grading Project (50%) Paper reviews (15%) Paper presentations (20%) Class participation (15%) 7

8 1. Class project Goal: research project that could be developed into a conference submission Work alone or in groups of two Next lecture: Project ideas. Pick one or use your own. Steps: (1) topic approval, (2) midterm presentation, (3) final poster presentation, (4) final paper 8

9 2. Paper reviews Generally two papers per lecture Before class, you read them and me comments (Subject: CS598 Paper Review ) For each paper, one-paragraph review, including at least 2 criticisms 9

10 2. Paper reviews Examples of acceptable comments This piece of the system could have been designed better by doing, because. The system won t work as claimed because... A drawback/benefit not described in the paper is. Examples of unacceptable comments Repeating statements in paper abstract Spelling mistakes Personal remarks 10

11 3. Paper presentation minute presentation including key concepts / techniques / results and your criticism minutes of discussion during/after At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation 11

12 4. Class participation Comment, question, interact! 12

13 Today Course Overview Internet History What s Next 13

14 Visions Vannevar Bush, As we may think (1945): memex J. C. R. Licklider (1962): Galactic Network Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs First head of DARPA computer research, October 1962 Bush Licklider 14

15 Circuit switching 1920s

16 : Packet switching Circuit Switching Physical channel carrying stream of data from source to destination Datagram packet switching Message broken into short packets, each handled separately Three phase: setup, data transfer, tear-down Data transfer involves no routing One operation: send packet Packets stored (queued) in each router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor 16

17 : Packet switching Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis ( ) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing Circuit switching Packet switching Kleinrock Time Time Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Physical Labratories, UK) Baran 17

18 1965: First computer network Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA ARPA-funded project Connected with telephone line it works, but it s inefficient and expensive confirming motivation for packet switching Roberts 18

19 The ARPANET begins Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967) December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock s lab at UCLA An older Kleinrock with the first IMP 19

20 ARPANET comes alive Stanford Research Institute (SRI) LO Oct 29, 1969 UCLA 20

21 ARPANET grows Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP) 1971: Telnet, FTP 1972: (Ray Tomlinson, BBN) 1979: USENET ARPANET, April

22 22

23 ARPANET to Internet Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks Concept of connecting diverse networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing,... Cerf Became TCP/IP Kahn 23

24 TCP/IP deployment TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL David Clark implements it on Xerox Alto and IBM PC 1982: International Organization for Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model January 1, 1983: Flag Day NCP to TCP/IP transition on ARPANET Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical OSI Reference Model s layers 24

25 Growth brings change Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA),... Mockapetris Nov 1983: DNS developed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN) Postel 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become ebgp and ibgp) Partridge 25

26 Growth from Ethernet Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976 Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985 Made local area networking easy Metcalfe Perlman 26

27 NSFNET 1984: NSFNET for US higher education Serve many users, not just one field Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., initially, backbone required to be used for Research and Education) NSFNET backbone, 1992 Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks 1990: ARPANET ends 1995: NSFNET decommissioned 27

28 The hourglass model P2P Web ... HTTP FTP TCP UDP IP VoIP... Innovation! Simple, flexible standard language of the internet Ethernet NTP... Copper Fiber Radio... Innovation! 28

29 Explosive growth! In hosts 29

30 Explosive growth! In networks Internet forwarding table size (Colors correspond to measurements from different vantage points) Year [Huston 09] 30

31 Explosive growth! In complexity Autonomous System BGP router LAN ethernet segment hub switch IP router LAN Routing protocols ebgp, ibgp MPLS, CSPF,... OSPF, RIP,... spanning tree + learning broadcast 31

32 Explosive growth! In devices & technologies Link speeds 200,000x faster NATs and firewalls Wireless everywhere Mobile everywhere Tiny devices (smart phones) Giant devices (data centers)... In applications Morris Internet Worm (1988) World wide web (1989) MOSAIC browser (1992) Search engines Peer-to-peer Voice Radio Botnets Social networking Streaming video The results of your class projects! 32

33 Huge societal relevance Routing instabilities and outages in Iranian prefixes following 2009 presidential election Affected prefixes Friday June 12 Saturday June 13 Sunday June 14 [Source: Renesys] 33

34 Today Course Overview Internet History What s Next 34

35 Upcoming lectures Thursday Aug. 27: Discussion of challenges for the Internet, project, project topic suggestions Tuesday Sept. 1: Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, A protocol for packet network intercommunication, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22 No. 5, May David Clark, The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols, Proc. SIGCOMM Thu Sept. 3: You begin presenting! Full reading list available next week 35

36 And finally... If you are taking this course, please me your Name address Educational situation (Masters / PhD, research area, one or two sentences about your background in networking) 36