iphone Application Programming L09: Networking

Transcription

1 iphone Application Programming L09: Networking Prof. Dr., Florian Heller, Jonathan Diehl Media Computing Group, RWTH Aachen WS 2009/2010

2 Networking Bonjour Networking Push Notifications GameKit Remote (Web) Objects 2

3 Bonjour Networking 3

4 Bonjour Apples flavor of zeroconf networking a.k.a. multicast DNS Service discovery framework Does not transfer data Likely to become an official standard Also available for Unix/Linux & Windows 4

5 Using Bonjour As Server (NSNetService) Create a socket to provide the service Define service Name: Service name Type: Service type and transport layer ( _http._tcp. ) Registration domain ("local.") Port Publish service 5

6 Using Bonjour As Client Browse for available services / Create NSNetService directly Check if service is still available with resolvewithtimeout: Get socket information and connect 6

7 Bonjour Example // set up network service myservice = [[NSNetService alloc] initwithdomain:@"" type:@"_neighbors._tcp"!!!!!!!! name:[[uidevice currentdevice] name]!!!!!!!! port:9090]; myservice.delegate = self; // publish network service [myservice publish]; // published - (void)netservicedidpublish:(nsnetservice *)sender {! NSLog(@"published: %@", sender); } // not published - (void)netservice:(nsnetservice *)sender didnotpublish:(nsdictionary *)errordict {! NSLog(@"not published: %@ -> %@", sender, errordict); } - (void)netservice:(nsnetservice *)sender didupdatetxtrecorddata:(nsdata *)data {! NSString *message = [[NSString alloc] initwithdata:data encoding:nsutf8stringencoding];! NSLog(@"TXT: %@", message); } 7

8 Bonjour Example // set up array netservices = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];! // set up the service browser servicebrowser = [[NSNetServiceBrowser alloc] init]; servicebrowser.delegate = self; [servicebrowser searchforservicesoftype:@"_neighbors._tcp" indomain:@""]; // new service - (void)netservicebrowser:(nsnetservicebrowser *)netservicebrowser didfindservice: (NSNetService *)netservice morecoming:(bool)moreservicescoming; {! [netservices addobject:netservice]; } // service removed - (void)netservicebrowser:(nsnetservicebrowser *)netservicebrowser didremoveservice: (NSNetService *)netservice morecoming:(bool)moreservicescoming; {! [netservices removeobject:netservice]; } 8

9 What s a Socket Combination of Address and port Listening socket handles data via callback 9

10 Socket Networking Sockets are used to actually transmit data CFSocket: C encapsulation of BSD sockets Runloop functionality, no blocking calls Objective C wrapper: CocoaAsyncSocket 10

11 Setting up a Listening Socket Create a socket context Create a socket Bind the socket to an address Handle events in a callback 11

12 CFSocketContext }; struct CFSocketContext { CFIndex version; void *info; CFAllocatorRetainCallBack retain; CFAllocatorReleaseCallBack release; CFAllocatorCopyDescriptionCallBack copydescription; 12

13 CFSocketCreate ); CFSocketRef CFSocketCreate ( CFAllocatorRef allocator, SInt32 protocolfamily, //default: PF_INET SInt32 sockettype, //default:sock_stream, UDP:SOCK_DGRAM SInt32 protocol, //STREAM:IPPROTO_TCP DGRAM:IPPROTO_UDP CFOptionFlags callbacktypes, CFSocketCallBack callout, const CFSocketContext *context 13

14 CFSocket Example CFSocketContext socketctxt = {0, self, NULL, NULL, NULL}; ipv4socket = CFSocketCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, kcfsocketacceptcallback, (CFSocketCallBack)&TCPServerAcceptCallBack, &socketctxt); struct sockaddr_in socketaddress; memset(&socketaddress, 0, sizeof(socketaddress)); socketaddress.sin_len = sizeof(socketaddress); socketaddress.sin_family = AF_INET; // Address family (IPv4 vs IPv6) socketaddress.sin_port = 0; // Actual port will get assigned automatically by kernel // We must use "network byte order" format (big-endian) for the value here socketaddress.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(inaddr_any); // Convert the endpoint data structure into something that CFSocket can use NSData *socketaddressdata = [NSData datawithbytes:&socketaddress length:sizeof(socketaddress)]; //Bind to address CFSocketSetAddress(listeningSocket,(CFDataRef)socketAddressData) 14

15 CFSocket Example (Continued) //Create a runloop source for the socket CFRunLoopRef cfrl = CFRunLoopGetCurrent(); CFRunLoopSourceRef source4 = CFSocketCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, _ipv4socket, 0); CFRunLoopAddSource(cfrl, source4, kcfrunloopcommonmodes); CFRelease(source4); 15

16 CFSocket Callbacks static void TCPServerCallBack(CFSocketRef socket, CFSocketCallBackType type, CFDataRef address, const void *data, void *info) { if (type == kcfsocketacceptcallback) {!! //handle a new connection } if (type == kcfsocketdatacallback) { //handle incoming data } } 16

17 Demo 17

18 Push Notifications 18

19 Push Notifications Notify the user that data is waiting Does not transmit data Behavior is defined by the user 19

20 Apple Push Notification Service Central service provided by Apple Your server connects to the APNS The APNS transmits the message to the device The user possibly starts your application Your application retrieves the data 20

21 Registering a Device registerforremotenotificationtypes:(uiremotenotificationtype)types UIRemoteNotificationTypeNone UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert Receive unique device token Communicate this token to your own server Your server specifies token when sending a payload to APNS 21

22 Registering a Device // Add registration for push nofication [[UIApplication sharedapplication] registerforremotenotificationtypes: (UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert)];! - (void)application:(uiapplication *)app didregisterforremotenotificationswithdevicetoken:(nsdata *)devicetoken {!! NSLog(@"devToken=%@",deviceToken); } - (void)application:(uiapplication *)app didfailtoregisterforremotenotificationswitherror:(nserror *)err {!! NSLog(@"Error in registration. Error: %@", err); } - (void)unregisterforremotenotifications - (UIRemoteNotificationType)enabledRemoteNotificationTypes 22

23 Message Delivery Server connects to APNS via TCP connection SSL Secured Payload delivery not guaranteed Check the feedback service regularly 23

24 Example Payload } { "aps" : { "alert" : "You got your s.", "badge" : 9, "sound" : "bingbong.aiff" }, "acme1" : "bar", "acme2" : 42 24

25 Clear a Badge Number } { "aps" : { }, "acme2" : [ 5, 8 ] 25

26 APNS Requirements Own Server providing the service SSL certificate for your server Defined App ID registered for Push Notifications 26

27 GameKit High-level Framework for Bluetooth Networking Automatic Service Discovery Efficient, low-latency communication Integrated voice chat 27

28 GameKit Classes GKSession Discover peers and manage connections GKPeerPickerController Controller for showing and connecting to peers Comes with its own UI GKVoiceChatService control voice chat 28

29 GKPickerController Example - (void)viewdidload {! session = [[GKSession alloc] initwithsessionid:@"chat" displayname:nil sessionmode:gksessionmodepeer];! peerpickercontroller = [[GKPeerPickerController alloc] init];! peerpickercontroller.delegate = self;! [peerpickercontroller show]; }! # pragma mark GKPeerPickerControllerDelegate - (GKSession *)peerpickercontroller:(gkpeerpickercontroller *)picker sessionforconnectiontype:(gkpeerpickerconnectiontype)type {! return session; } - (void)peerpickercontroller:(gkpeerpickercontroller *)picker didconnectpeer:(nsstring *)peerid tosession:(gksession *)session {!... } 29

30 30

31 GKSession peerswithconnectionstate: list all peers with the given state (e.g. available) connecttopeer:withtimeout: request a connection to the peer acceptconnectionfrompeer:error: accept a connection request 31

32 GKSessionDelegate session:peer:didchangestate: informs delegate about new peers and state changes Possible states: available, unavailable, connecting, disconnecting, connected session:didreceiveconnectionrequestfrompeer: respond to connection request from peer Error handling session:connectionwithpeerfailed:witherror: session:didfailwitherror: 32

33 GKSession Communication setdatareceivehandler:withcontext: define receive handler (controller) for the session receivedata:frompeer:insession:context: implemented by receive handler senddata:topeers:withdatamode:error: send NSData to given peers Possible data modes: reliable, unreliable 33

34 GKVoiceChatService Singleton Service to control voice chat Manage connections Record audio from microphone Delegate: Client Transmit audio data Playback audio data 34

35 Remote (Web) Objects 35

36 Web-Backend Database Database Database Database Database Database Database 36

37 Web-Backend HTTP XML Web Backend Database 37

38 Ruby on Rails Open Source Web Application Framework Runs as its own service Main Components: ActionController: interface controller and routing ActiveRecord: database abstraction ActiveResource: remote objects 38

39 Ruby on Rails: Quickstart create the app: rails sample_application generate a model script/generate model person generate a scaffold controller script/generate scaffold person migrate the database rake db:migrate launch the server script/server 39

40 Representational State Transfer Data is made available through (web-)resources Each resource has its own URI HTTP operations are used to manipulate resources POST Communication via XML or JSON 40

41 REST Operations GET: request all resources (or by id) GET GET POST: update resource POST PUT: create resource PUT DELETE: delete resource DELETE 41

42 Ruby on Rails & REST Scaffold controller supports all REST operation script/generate scaffold people supports HTML (backend website) and XML Routes can be created automatically map.resources :people in routes.rb Format and id can be specified in URI

43 iphone HTTP Requests NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@" NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initwithurl:url]; // set the HTTP operation [request sethttpmethod:@"post"]; // set the post data NSData *postdata = [@"id=1&person[name]=paul" datausingencoding:nsutf8stringencoding]; [request sethttpbody:postdata]; // fire the request NSURLConnection *con = [NSURLConnection connectionwithrequest:request delegate:self]; [con start]; 43

44 Summary Discover services with Bonjour Receive notifications Connect to other devices vie BlueTooth Access remote objects Reading Assignment: Net Services Programming Guide Push Notification Service Programming Guide GameKit Guide 44