Front-haul networking for 5G: An analysis of technologies and standardization

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1 Front-haul networking for 5G: An analysis of technologies and standardization HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Hassan Halabian Canada Research Center November 2017

2 Cloud-RAN Advantages: Simplify the RRH site Full outdoor, low cost Better RAN network performance - Facilitates cooperative radio schemes, e.g., ICIC, CoMP, Massive MIMO Future oriented RAN virtualization Fronthaul HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 2

3 CPRI widely Deployed For 4G CPRI is - TDM based synchronous interface/ Symmetrical serial data link/steady data stream, Always on Embedded Ethernet or HDLC streams (C&M plane data) I/Q data is the time samples of the wireless analog signal (Data plane) Front-haul capacity linearly scales with Number of antenna ports/number of sectors Sampling rate (Radio spectrum BW)/I/Q bitwidth Transmission overhead (coding and headers, etc.)/compression factor etc BER=10-12 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 3

4 If Use 4G RAN Architecture for 5G Facing high bandwidth challenge Big challenge for Massive MIMO (64T/64R) Beyond 100Gbps requirement But the real fronthaul bandwidth depends on configuration air spectrum bandwidth, Massive MIMO types etc x8 160 x G 5G 20 4 bandwidth (MHz) Antenna num CPRI Split Point 50~130 us Bandwidth Boosting Sharply (Gbps) x32 with 4:1 compression G 5G HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 4

5 ecpri Protocol Stack ecpri Laye1: ecpri over electrical cable ecpri over electrical backplane ecpri over optical fiber ecpri over Ethernet: ecpri Services User Data Real Time C&M other ecpri services C&M Synchronization Connection OAM ecpri messages shall be transmitted in standard Ethernet frames ecpri specific protocol layer e.g. SNMP PTP SyncE ecpri over IP: ecpri messages shall be transmitted in UDP/IP packets UDP UDP, TCP, SCTP, etc. UDP UDP, TCP eradio Equipment Control (erec) User Sync Control & Mgmnt eradio Equipment (ere) User Sync Control & Mgmnt IP, IPsec IP, IPsec IP IP, IPsec ICMP ecpri Layer Transport Network Layer Physical Layer Transport Network Fronthaul Network ecpri Layer Transport Network Layer Physical Layer Ethernet, VLAN (priority tag), MACsec Ethernet OAM HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 5

6 If Use New RAN Architecture for 5G When compare CPRI with ecpri, we found more challenges 1: 5G AAU weight increasing ecpri Split Point 10~25 Gbps 50~130 us Compared with CPRI part Phy function embedded in 5G AAU 2: 5G AAU upgrade when add new features Ignore RAN challenges ecpri used for fronthaul With Low Phy High Phy 3: Do not forget 4G: CPRI + ecpri HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 6

7 Possible 5G Fronthaul Solutions Increasing 5G site number faces fiber limitation Possible transport solutions: Site number increasing due to 4.5GHz/28GHz Limited fiber resource CPRI&eCPRI Scenario1: Eth based CPRI&eCPRI Scenario2: WDM Scenario3: PON CPRI&eCPRI 4G BBU CPRI&eCPRI E-band Scenario4: Microwave 5G CU/DU HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 7

8 Eth based Fronthaul Research Introduction Fronthaul Requirements Side Ethernet Based Fronthaul Network RAN Requirements Last PAR 2018/07, SA Revcom approval: 2019/ br and 802.1Qbu : Frame preemption 802.1Qbv Traffic Scheduling (time-gated queues) Define RRH/BBU Interface Implementation Current focus: Profile(s) for current (CPRI 7.0) Next step is ecpri Joint effort with CPRI Cooperation Joint effort with IETF DetNet WG Another Team for Fronthaul based on Eth Already demo for CPRI over Eth Define new Eth Type for Fronthaul HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 8

9 IEEE CPRI over Ethernet Standard for Radio Over Ethernet (RoE) Encapsulations and Mappings, defines The encapsulation of digitized radio mapper/demapper functions to transfer CPRI streams over Ethernet. The header format for encapsulation of existing digitized radio transport formats. Three types of encapsulation techniques structure agnostic mapper: is only a container for the encapsulated digitized radio transport frames. structure-aware mapper: has detailed knowledge of the encapsulated digitized radio transport format content native RoE packet ecpri Technology Only Ethernet UDP/IP/Eth and Eth. - any packet transport Bandwidth CBR (CPRI encapsulation) and VBR (Native RoE only) User traffic related, VBR( ~10 fold reduction) Topology P2P connection, P2P/Chain/Ring P2MP connection, flexible topology RAN IQ time domain and freq. domain data (Native RoE only) Any functional split Proprietary Performance Enhancement Support Limited Yes HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 9

10 IEEE TSN Technology Overview Converged network for Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in LAN Multi profiles for different applications Video, Factory, Telecom Time synchronization: Timing and Synchronization (802.1AS) includes a profile of IEEE 1588 Bounded low latency: Credit Based Shaper (802.1Qav) Frame preemption (802.3br & 802.1Qbu) Scheduled Traffic (802.1Qbv) Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (802.1Qch) Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (P802.1Qcr) Synchronization Latency TSN Standards Zero congestion loss Reliability Resource Mgmt Ultra reliability: Frame Replication and Elimination (P802.1CB) Path Control and Reservation (802.1Qca) Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Qci) Reliability for time sync (P802.1AS-Rev) Dedicated resources & API Stream Reservation Protocol (802.1Qat) TSN configuration (P802.1Qcc) YANG (P802.1Qcp) Link-local Registration Protocol (P802.1CS) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 10

11 Eth based Solution Prototype Test Encapsulation of CPRI frame Multiplexing with FlexE PW for CPRI FlexEth Bonding Subrate Eth CPRI MAC Shim PHY Eth MAC Channelized 3 CPRI 7 (9.8304Gbps) encapsulation IF 40GE(NNI) FPGA based, only lab POC 2016 Lab POC, CPRI over Eth via PW(same as E1 PW), FlexEth; No bandwidth saving, device needed when CPRI and ecpri at the same site HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 11

12 WDM Based Solution FO/Colorless Module Current FO Solution Centralized WDM Solution(Under R&D) 15*Any Port GE~10G O/E Map/ Demap OTN OH odsp E/O 2x50G AAU passive BiDi Shared laser (10 directions) multiple wavelengths Colorful IF AAU Cloud BB Colorless SFP+ Optical distribution box GC Site Colorless SFP+(10G/25G) Shared laser OSN 1800 BBU Full Outdoor, w/o site configuration w/o optical layer commissioning Bi-Di, with 1+1 protection Compatible with CPRI/eCPRI transparent for any traffic Simple, low power consumption and save site fibers without device HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 12

13 PON Based Solution Optimized DBA Algorithm Current NG-PON DBA :350~550us DBA Optimization for 5G:50us~100us PON Board - OLT DBA report ONU Periodic windowing SR-DBA Date plane Time slot Allocation Scheduler Control plane SR T-CONT NSR T-CONT Assured-DBA/Max DBA, status report before bandwidth allocation : 1-2ms. Fixed-DBA, no need status report, delay will be us Periodic windowing, add delay us Periodic windowing DBA logic SR-DBA New Periodic windowing Mechanism DBA logic SR-DBA NSR- DBA DBA logic NSR- DBA NSR- DBA LL-DBA LL-DBA, low latency DBA in future, delay will be about 50us~100us. Periodic windowing should have new mechanism to eliminate latency to 0. Notes: chipset and hardware must be changed to support 50us~100us low latency DBA HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 13

14 Fronthaul Solution Summary 1 WDM - Colorless 2 Eth RoE 3 IP/Eth ecpri 4 PON Transparent for CPRI/eCPRI: 4G&5G Compatible No site device: Simple, low power consumption Innovation: new optical module CPRI mapper/demapper needed Limited functional splitting available Utilize the L2 switch supply chain Only Eth transport Open for performance enhancement Support any packet transport Flexible function splitting No support for CPRI Reuse the existing ODN Upgrade PON capacity and optimize the DBA algorithm HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 14

15 Thank you

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