Modeling the Routing of an ISP with C-BGP
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1 Modeling the Routing of an ISP with C-BGP Bruno Quoitin IP Networking Lab (INL) Computer Science & Engineering Department Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
2 ISP Model AS B AS A A2 B1 A1 R2 R1 R3 R4 The traditional capacity planning view of an ISP work R6 R5 Z1 X1 AS X AS Z Y1 AS Y 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 Internal link Traffic flows
3 Can't answer questions such as... What would happen to my interdomain traffic if... a link is failing? a router is under maintenance? a BGP peering is being shutdown? a new route filtering policy is planned? a new peering is established at an IXP? How would I optimize my interdomain routing for... performance? cost? reliability? How do I compare prospective providers? 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
4 ISP Model Reality has: AS B AS A A2 B1 A1 RR2 RR1 R3 R4 R6 R5 Z1 X1 AS X AS Z Y1 AS Y 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May Transit traffic - Multiple egresses - ibgp topology - Route-reflectors - Routing policies - 250,000 destinations (and counting) - interaction w/ IGP -... Internal link External link ebgp session ibgp session ibgp RR-client session Traffic flows
5 Agenda C-BGP (backend) SPINNET (frontend) a work topology / config / routing DB a BGP routing solver work data parsers (model builders) work topology visualization Case study Peering placement 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
6 I. C-BGP 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
7 C-BGP Network topology / configuration DB Scriptable BGP Routing solver for large-scale works developped by INL@UCLouvain supported by: 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
8 C-BGP Database C-BGP model (DB) Topology Routers configs Data collected from work BGP routes C-BGP Routing Solver Traffic Matrix 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 Routing State Link load
9 C-BGP Database Network topology database (DB) Layer-3 model: Additional information: nodes: routers and LANs (pseudo-nodes) links: IP links (need to be numbered) link attributes: latency, bandwidth, load static routes IP tunnels Large-scale topologies tried with > nodes / links 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
10 Topology C-BGP Script Example add add add add add node node node link link Note: c-bgp v2.0.0 is required B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
11 IGP Topology C-BGP Script Example add node add node add node add link add link add domain 1 igp node domain 1 node domain 1 node domain 1 link igp-weight -bidir 10 link igp-weight -bidir 10 domain 1 compute Note: c-bgp v2.0.0 is required B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May Domain 1
12 BGP IGP Topology C-BGP Script Example bgp bgp bgp bgp add node add node add node add link add link add domain 1 igp node domain 1 node domain 1 node domain 1 link igp-weight -bidir 10 link igp-weight -bidir 10 domain 1 compute add router add router add router domain 1 full-mesh Note: c-bgp v2.0.0 is required B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May ibgp ibgp ibgp AS1
13 BGP IGP Topology C-BGP Script Example bgp bgp bgp bgp bgp sim add node add node /8 add node add link add link add domain 1 igp 10 ibgp node domain 1 node domain 1 node domain 1 link igp-weight -bidir 10 link igp-weight -bidir 10 domain 1 compute add router add router add router domain 1 full-mesh router add work 255/8 run Note: c-bgp v2.0.0 is required B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May ibgp ibgp AS1
14 BGP IGP Topology C-BGP Script Example bgp bgp bgp bgp bgp sim add node add node /8 add node add link add link add domain 1 igp 10 ibgp node domain 1 node domain 1 node domain 1 link igp-weight -bidir 10 link igp-weight -bidir 10 domain 1 compute add router add router add router domain 1 full-mesh router add work 255/8 run node record-route UNREACH Note: c-bgp v2.0.0 is required B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May ibgp ibgp AS1
15 C-BGP Routing Solver IGP model static, centralized computation support for ECMP, single area (currently) BGP model compute steady-state outcome of BGP convergence full decision process versatile route filters ibgp hierarchy (route-reflectors) reads BGP table dumps and BGP message traces in MRT format (draft-ietf-grow-mrt-07.txt) multiple BGP domains (AS) 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
16 C-BGP Routing Solver Collected data show isis database extensive OSPF/IS-IS LSDB show run IOS/JunOS configs ebgp routes (MRT) NetFlow C-BGP model (DB) Routing states Topology Routers configs BGP routes Default RS C-BGP Routing Solver RS-1 RS-2... Play with model: - change link state / IGP weight - change BGP session state - inject/withdraw routes - change policies (routing filters) Traffic-... Matrix 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 Compare and analyze impact on routing Link load + impact on traffic
17 II. SPINNET 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
18 DB: importing... Build project from real router/work data show isis database extensive show bgp neighbors show ip ospf database router/work/... (1) JunOS IS-IS LSDB (TXT / XML) JunOS OSPF LSDB (TXT) IOS OSPF LSDB IOS IS-IS LSDB JunOS BGP neighbors (XML) IOS Running confi g JunOS Running confi g... (1) other vendor formats can be easily added 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
19 DB: work visualization 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
20 DB: work queries (CLI) 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
21 What-if scenarios After failure Before failure 1). Fail link between Frankfurt and Geneva 2). Recompute routes 3). Trace route 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
22 What-if scenarios After IGP weight change Before IGP weight change 1). Change IGP weight of link between Frankfurt and Vienna 2). Recompute routes 3). Trace route 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
23 Routing State Queries 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
24 Routing State Queries 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
25 III. Case study Anonymous French Tier B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
26 Peering placement Example X X 2 upstream providers, 1Gbps links Peer with new provider Z in C Y X A B C Y Y Z add-c (congested) C A B C A 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 B
27 Case study: GEANT (AS20965) Topology Routing data Obtained from IS-IS trace, cross-checked with map 23 nodes, 38 core links, 53 edge links (6 with upstreams) Collected using Zebra in the ibgp (only best ebgp) 640,897 ebgp routes 150,071 prefixes (clustered in 406 groups) Traffic data NetFlow collected on all external interfaces Sampling rate: 1/1000 About 150 GB per month Src. / dst. aggregated in /24 prefixes 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
28 Peering placement Fraction of Outbound Traffic (% of total) Existing upstream providers 49% PR2 PR1 1% PR3 49% 6% PR4 20% 20% 6% PR2 PR6 PR4 PR6 2% 21% GEANT 21% PR5 PR3 2% 1% PR5 PR1 Peering Links 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
29 Peering placement Objective Investigate addition/removal of peerings Goal: better balance traffic load, reduce peering cost,... Methodology Scenario add-rx Scenario del-prx Consider a prospective peering PR (full RIB) Inject routes of PR at router Rx Remove the routes learned from an existing peer PRx Metric distribution of traffic among peering links (here: 6 most important links, OC-48 with upstream providers) 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
30 Peering placement PR3 PR2 PR1 PR4 PR5 PR6 del-prx 49% 20% 6% 1% 2% OC-48 links 21% Routes of prospective peering PR7 RIB PR7 R1 GEANT R8 R9 add-rx 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 R19 R10 Upstream providers
31 Peering placement PR4 carries traffic of removed peering (PR2) New peering attracts most of PR2's traffic 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009 new peering existing peerings
32 Conclusion Modeling the routing of an ISP is complex! Many parameters and data sources are involved. Tools such as C-BGP and SPINNET Help understand & visualize routing protocol interaction (IGP / BGP) on large works with many destinations Useful to predict impact of events / design choices on routing Can be used as/with a capacity planning tool (if TM available) to predict the impact of events on link load 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
33 Thanks for your attention! Visit our website: The C-BGP core is released under the LGPL license. The C-BGP core has been tested under the following platforms: 2009 B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
34 References Modeling the Routing of an ISP Network, B. Quoitin and S. Uhlig, IEEE Network, Vol 19(6), November Semi-automatic AS-wide converter for C-BGP, S. Tandel. Available from Providing public intradomain traffic matrices to the research community, S. Uhlig, B. Quoitin, S. Balon and J. Lepropre, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol 36(1), January The Interaction of IGP Weight Optimization with BGP, S. CeravErbas, O. Delcourt, B. Fortz and B. Quoitin, In Proceedings of ICISP'06, p. 9, August 26-29, Network-Wide Prediction of BGP Routes, N. Feamster and J. Rexford, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, April TOTEM toolbox. Available from B. Quoitin RIPE 58 - Routing WG, Amsterdam, May 2009
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