The MSS Core platform is based on packet technology (Ethernet Switch) with a generic interface serial 16 x GETH between Core and peripherals.

Transcription

1 9500 MSS Release 4 Alcatel-Lucent 9500 Multiservice Switch (MSS) is a solution for smooth transformation of backhaul networks from TDM/ATM to Ethernet. The 9500MSS solution efficiently transports whatever multimedia traffic since it handles packets natively while still supporting legacy TDM traffi with the same Hardware. It also provides the Quality of Service (QoS) needed to satisfy end-users. This solution not only improves packet aggregation, but also increases the bandwidth and optimizes the Ethernet connectivity.

2 9500 MSS is a packet-based solution designed to address in native way networks where packet based traffic is predominant, nevertheless supporting the still present TDM/ATM traffic, which remains vital MSS represents the solution to allow smooth migration from the TDM world to the packet domain in the Metro Transport networks. The different incoming traffic types are converted into Ethernet packets before sending them to the internal Ethernet switch. The MSS Core platform is based on packet technology (Ethernet Switch) with a generic interface serial 16 x GETH between Core and peripherals. The peripherals currently available are: - 32 ports E1 card for PDH applications - 16 ports E1 card for native ATM/IMA applications - 2E1 SFP for few E1s connectivity - E3 SFP for E3 connectivity - 2 ports STM-1 card for SDH applications - EoSDH SFP for Ethernet over SDH applications - Ethernet Access switch card providing 8GE i/f - Fan unit Industry-leading scalability and density is provided in the 9500 MSS, supporting a two rack unit MSS- 8 (2 RU) or a one rack unit MSS-4 (1 RU). The MSS-8 has eight slots, while MSS-4 has four slots; in both cases, two are allocated for core cards (control and switch module), with the remaining six (or two) being available for user traffic adapter cards (PDH access card, SDH Access Card, ATM access card, Auxiliary card). Each of the adapter card slots can be used for any adapter card type, removing the burden of complex pre-engineering and future scenario planning. For tail applications, the MSS-1 is able to manage up 16 x E1 tributaries in case of local PDH/Ethernet accesses and has 6 x Ethernet interfaces, that can be configured either as Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet. MSS-1 is a one rack unit (1RU), offering a compact and cost optimized solution. The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MSS has a compact, modular architecture, constructed to allow flexible use of line adapter cards so operators can optimize the configuration to meet the specific requirements of a site. With the modular architecture comes additional resiliency and flexibility. The solution can optionally support 1+1 fully redundant configuration; each type of card can be redundant independently. Full-protected configuration is available. 2

3 9500 MSS is managed by the 5620 SAM broadband manager shared with the other Alcatel-Lucent IP product portfolios to provide full management and provision of the network at service level. 3

4 MSS Platform features Unique features include: Cost-effective solution for High Capacity applications up to 1 Gbit/sec High Capacity Ethernet transport with embedded 16 Gbit/sec L2 switch Aggregate any traffic type over a single traffic flow Statistical Multiplexing gain thanks to the Data Aware Features TDM MEF8 Encapsulation ATM over PW according to RFC 4717 E1, E3, SDH, Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet customer interfaces. Hardened-temperature, from 40 C to +65 C. Optional +24V integrated DC/DC converter Software-configurable traffic forwarding, without local cabling MSS Craft Terminal, an advanced Java-based maintenance tool presents local and remote node status with performance monitoring, configuration control and diagnostics. 4

5 1.1 MSS The MSS implements functionalities of grooming, routing, switching and protection, exploiting a packet-oriented technology. It is a modular design through a variety of hot-swappable plug in cards. The MSS is available in three different versions: MSS-8 2RU shelf MSS-8 MSS-4 1RU shelf MSS-4 Fan unit is optional and is needed in order to reach +65 C; MSS-4 without Fan Unit supports up to +45 C for all equipment configurations. 5

6 9500 MSS 8 receives the Battery input through 2 power connectors mounted on the chassis and connected directly to the Back plane; on MSS-4 and a single connector is available. Each board receives the Battery input (via Back plane) and provides adaptation to the customer central power bus. MSS-4/8 slots are reserved this way: Slot 1 is dedicated to the Core Main Board Slot 2 is dedicated to the Core Spare Board or to DC injector card Slots 3-8 are universal MSS-8 slot scheme Please note that for protected cards, the relevant boards have to be put on the same horizontal level, i.e. coupled on slots 3-4, or 5-6, or 7-8. MSS-4 slot scheme The connection scheme between the modules and the core board in MSS-8 is depicted in the picture below. The transport modules are connected via Gigabit Ethernet to the Core-E module s Ethernet switch that is capable of merging and redirecting the traffic back to the transport modules. The case for MSS-4 is similar. 6

7 MSS-8 Block diagram 7

8 8

9 2 Environmental Operating Limits Item Limit Storage Transportation ETS , Class 1.2 ETS , Class 1.2 ETS , Class 2.3 ETS , Class 2.3 Environmental Stationary use MSS ETS EN class 3.2 ETS EN class 3.2 MSS-1, 4 & 8:-40 to +65 C [1] 0 to 95% humidity, non-condensing Dust and throw of water MSS-4&8, MSS1: IP20 Altitude 4000m Acoustic Safety ETS Telecommunication equipment room (attended), Class 3.2 EN : A11:2004 to EN : 2001 EN :2001 EN :2007 EN : 2002 EN V1.8.1 (04/2008) EMC EN V1.3.1 (08/2002) Radiated emissions Class B [2] Notes: [1] Cold start is guaranteed at -20 C, up to 60 C when E3 SFP module is inserted [2] Class A with ASAP board equipped. 9

10 3 Card Description 3.1 Core Board The Core Board provides the key node management, control functions and Ethernet User traffic management by performing the following macro functions: MSS Controller to manage all the peripheral modules. MSS has a one layer control architecture implemented by a microprocessor acting as Equipment Controller and Physical Machine Controller. Layer-2 Ethernet Switch performing Cross-Connect function between all the peripherals and Ethernet ports. The switch assures to the system a complete interconnections between all the boards connected into MSS node. The cross-connection between the boards is realized by 1.25 Gbps link. Clock Reference Unit (CRU) with main function to generate the Network Element Clock. Core Board The core board could be protected through a Core Spare (same PN of Core Main ) that can be added to provide Control platform redundancy and protection of aggregated data using an external switch. The Core Board also carries the Compact Flash Card, which holds the terminal SW Configuration and Node License. 10

11 The Frontal panel interfaces provide: 3 x 10/100/1000 Base T Data Port 1 x 10/100/1000 Base T configurable Data/NMS Port 2 x SFP ports (Optical or Electrical GETH) 1 x 10/100 Base-T LAN for 9500 MSS Craft Terminal or NMS 1 x Local CT Mini USB to upload Pre-Provisioning File (unused) 1 x Sync CK input via coaxial connector that can be used as source for the Network Element clock 1 x Sync CK output via coaxial connector that provides the NE Clock 5 LED indicators for test and status Core Board Frontal Panel 11

12 3.2 PDH Access Board The PDH Access Board has the aim to manage the specificities of the related external interface, to implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the boundary internal interface providing the consistency to the established SLA rules. The PDH Access Board has two main functions: Termination or reconstruction of the E1 signal with the original PDH Timing meeting G823/824 Requirements. Encapsulation/Extraction of those PDH data flows into/from std Eth packets MEF8 Compliant PDH Access Board The Front Panel Interfaces include: 32xE1 One Led indicator for status In case of EPS line protection two boards will be plugged inside the sub rack and an additional protection panel will perform a Y connection for both Tx and Rx PDH signals. The card version is 32-port adapter. 12

13 3.3 Ethernet Access Card (EAS) In case more than 6 local Ethernet access are needed (that are built-in in the core card), 8 GE ports card offers additional 8 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces. An embedded 10 Gbit/sec L2 switch is present on the card. There are 4 Electrical 10/100/1000 base-t electrical ports and 4 optical SFP (LX and SX). Supported features: IEEE 802.1D User Selectable QoS : none, DiffServ or 802.1p bits VLAN management 802.1Q Q-in-Q IEEE 802.1Q Port segregation Flow control 802.3x Auto-negotiation enable/disable Support of jumbo frames (9728 bytes) on FE/GE interfaces Per port policer Per flow policer Broadcast/Multicast storm control MAC address control list VLAN swap 13

14 3.4 2E1 SFP In order to target applications where a few number of E1s are needed, a miniature E1 over GE converter is available. 2E1 SFP is SFP device that provides two G. 703 E1 interfaces, supporting the same functionalities of 32E1 PDH card. In addition, this device is able to generate a dummy framed E1 in order to provide synchronization to an external equipment (like a BTS). This device can be used instead of 32E1 PDH card when the requested E1 connectivity is limited, saving in this way one slot in MSS4/MSS8 that can be used by other cards. 2E1 SFP 2xE1 SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card, providing two G. 703 E1 interfaces (up to 4xE1 in case Core Card hosts 2 SFP). EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected: the secondary SFP is hosted by the stand-by Core, and a Y cable is provided to connect the 2 SFP. 14

15 3.5 ASAP Board 16E1 ASAP (Any Service Any Port) board is one of the peripherals units of 9500MSS. It enables the management of ATM services on 9500MSS, collecting native IMA traffic, terminating the IMA groups and encapsulating/extracting the ATM cells into/from ATM PW packets towards the core board. Like the PDH Access Card, the ASAP Card has the aim to manage the specificities of the related external interface, to implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the boundary internal interface providing the consistency to the established SLA rules. ASAP card performs the following functions: Termination of ATM/IMA groups. Encapsulation/Extraction of those ATM flows into/from ATM PW packets according to RFC 4717 (N:1 mode, with N=1) ASAP Board The Front Panel Interfaces include: 16xE1 Four Led indicators ASAP card is sharing same cords and same connectors of PDH access board for local access. The Card Version is 16-Port Adapter. 15

16 3.6 SDH Access Card 9500MSS SDH Access card is the board that enables 9500 MSS to be connected to a SDH network. The same board can be used in two different working modes, addressing two different network scenarios. Currently only one interface is enabled in the board, although it is hardware-ready for two STM-1 interfaces. STM-1 mux/demux STM-1 transparent transport (for future release) SDH Access Board 16

17 3.6.1 STM-1 mux/demux application The STM-1 mux/demux behaves as a terminal multiplexer; it terminates or originates the SDH frame. It multiplexes up to 63xE1 into a STM-1 electrical/ optical line connection. Standard VC4 mapping of lower-order E1 traffic streams to/from STM-1 is applied, that means that a VC4 directly maps up to 63xVC12 into an STM-1 signal (in turn each VC12 contains 1xE1) Typical application is a direct connection to SDH add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) STM-1 transparent transport application (for future release) In this application the board has the aim to manage the specificities of the related external interface and to implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the boundary internal interface. Up to 2xSTM-1/OC-3 are transparently transported. The card supports 1xSTM-1 in channelized mode or up to 2xSTM-1 interfaces in transparent transport mode (2 optical interfaces or 1 electrical interface) The Front Panel Interfaces include: 2x SFP (optical LC connector or electrical 1.0x2.3 connector) One Led indicator for status In case of EPS line protection two boards are plugged inside the sub rack. Optional splitter Y-cables are provided for both Tx and Rx SDH signals. 17

18 3.7 EoSDH SFP Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH) SFP is miniature Gigabit Ethernet over STM-1/OC3 converter that bridges between GE networks and SDH networks providing simple and efficient Gigabit Ethernet connectivity over SDH. The device offers a migration path for connecting future-ready IP devices to existing SDH/SONET networks EoSDH SFP EoS SFP supports the following basic features: Delivers Gigabit Ethernet traffic over a single STM-1/OC-3 link Supports standard GFP encapsulation according to G.7041/Y.1303: Gigabit Ethernet frames are mapped into VC-4 or STSc-3 Physical interface is 1xSTM-1 optical in a SFP cage with LC connector. EoSDH SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card (up to 2xSTM-1 in case Core Card hosts 2 SFP). EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected: the secondary SFP is hosted by the stand-by Core, and an optical splitter is provided to connect the 2 SFP. 18

19 3.8 E3 SFP E3 SFP is a TDM Pseudo wire access gateway extending TDM-based services over packet-switched networks. E3 SFP The device converts the data stream from its user E3 interface into packets for transmission over 9500 MSS network; the addressing scheme is MEF8. These packets are transmitted via the SFP port of the Core Board; a remote E3 SFP converts the packets back to TDM traffic. Physical interface is 1xE3 electrical in a SFP cage with 1.0x2.3 connector. E3 SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card (up to 2xE3 in case Core Card hosts 2 SFP. EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected: the secondary SFP is hosted by the standby Core, and a Y cable is provided to connect the 2 SFP. 19

20 3.9 Fan Board A FAN card is required into the MSS-4/8 shelf. MSS-4 can be optionally equipped without fan card, supporting temperature up to +45 C 1. The FAN holds three long-life axial fans, which are controlled and performance-monitored by the controller. Fan Board To have high reliability 3 fans are used with separate alarms in order to understand the urgency (two or three fans failed) or the not urgency condition (one fan failed). The Unit is inserted from front side to avoid payload interruptions in case of fan maintenance. The FAN is hot swappable and in-service replacement doesn't affect traffic. An optional Fan unit, called Fan Alarm Card, is available on MSS-8, hosting a housekeeping connector for Equipment Alarms (Summary, Major and Minor) and 8 high reliability fans. The board is mandatory when 24V DC converter is equipped. 20

21 V integrated DC/DC converter An optional +24V DC/DC converter is available for MSS-8 shelf One or two converters are able to slide on the MSS chassis, side by side, in a single card slot. Unprotected converter kit will be used in configurations where single, non redundant A battery feed is used. Protected converter kit will be used when dual, redundant, A and B battery feeds are used. In either configurations, the +24VDC to -48VDC converter kits use a single vacant slot of the MSS chassis. There is no interconnection between the converter(s) and the MSS backplane. Both the +24 VDC input and -48 VDC output are available via 2 position connectors on the front of the unit. The converter(s) will receive its input(s) from +24 VDC primary power feed(s) and the -48 VDC output(s) will be connected to the MSS -48 VDC inputs located on the right side of the MSS chassis via a short external power cable, providing -48 VDC to the MSS, in the same way the shelf is powered when -48 VDC primary is used as oppose to +24 VDC. +24V DC/DC converter can power any module in the shelf (and of course related ODU connected to the module) up to a total power consumption of 348 watts. When + 24V DC/DC converter is used, the Fan Alarm board must be equipped in the rack. 21

22 4 MSS Datasheet MSS-8 Indoor Chassis 2RU Number of Slots 9 Slots Dedicated to FAN unit 1 Slots dedicated for Core Boards 2 Slots dedicated for Access/Modem Boards 6 Electrical DC Supply input range to -57,6 VDC +18 to+36 VDC DC connector 2-pin DSUB power type Weight (nominal) < 3.8 kg Dimensions (including mounting brackets) 88mm (2RU) x 482mm x 250mm MSS-4 Indoor Chassis 1RU Number of Slots 5 Slots Dedicated to FAN unit (optional) 1 Slots dedicated for Core Boards 2 Slots dedicated for Access/Modem Boards 2 Electrical DC Supply input range to -57,6 VDC DC connector 2-pin DSUB power type Weight (nominal) < 2.8 kg Dimensions (including mounting brackets) 44mm (1RU) x 482mm x 250mm MSS-1 Indoor Chassis 1RU Monoboard Electrical DC Supply input range to -57,6 VDC DC connector 2-pin DC connector Weight (nominal) < 1 kg Dimensions (including mounting brackets) 44mm (1RU) x 482mm x 250mm LAN interface Type 4x 10/100/1000 baset Connector 4x 8-pin RJ45 Type 2xGE Optical 1000Base-LX/SX SFP or Electrical 1000-BaseT Connector SFP module User traffic TDM interface Connectors 37-pin SUBD Impedance 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced, configurable Power consumption <17 W 22

23 CORE BOARD LAN interface Type 2x 10/100/1000 baset Connector 2x 8-pin RJ45 Type 2xGE Optical/Electrical Connector SFP module Configuration memory, removable On-Board removable Compact Flash card Power consumption <20 W LED Indicators 5 Dimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W) Fuse 5A Weight <0.5 Kg Fan Card 2U Fans 3 Power consumption <8 W Weight (nominal) < 0.22 Kg Dimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 26.5mm x 82.5mm x 220mm Fan Card 1U Fans 3 Power consumption <3 W Weight (nominal) < 0.1 kg Dimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 28.5mm x 41 mm x 220mm Access Cards PDH Access Board LED Indicators 1 Status led Power consumption (nominal) <16 W Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W) Weight (nominal) < 0.34 kg (0.74 lb) Interface, configurable Electrical 1 to 32x Mbps (E1) Electrical interface parameters Standards Compliance E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823 Line code E1 HDB3 Connectors TDM32 2x SCSI Impedance E1 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced, configurable 2E1 SFP Power consumption (nominal) <1,1 W Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 17.0mm x 13.7mm x 77.0mm (H,W,D) Weight (nominal) 15g (0.5 oz) Interface, Electrical 1xE1, 2xE1 23

24 configurable Electrical interface parameters Standards Compliance E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823 Line code E1 HDB3 Connectors E1 RJ45 Impedance E1 120 ohm balanced 75 ohm unbalanced E3 SFP Power consumption (nominal) <1,1 W Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 12.4mm x 14mm x 79mm (H,W,D) Weight (nominal) 30g (1 oz) Interface Electrical E3 Electrical interface parameters Standards Compliance E3 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823 Line code E3 HDB3 Connectors E3 1.0x2.3 Impedance E3 75 ohm unbalanced SDH Access Card LED Indicators Power consumption (nominal) Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector) Weight (nominal) Interface, configurable Interface parameters Standards Compliance Connector Type 1 Status led <17 W 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W) < 0.34 kg (0.74 lb) 1xSTM-1, 2xSTM-1 SDH Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.707, G.957 2xSFP STM-1 electrical, 1.0x2.3 STM-1 optical, LC single mode EoSDH SFP Power consumption (nominal) <1.3 W Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 12.2mm x 13.7mm x 76.2mm (H,W,D) Weight (nominal) 15g (0.5 oz) Interface Optical 1xSTM-1 Electrical interface parameters Standards Compliance Connectors Type STM-1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.7041, G.957 1xSFP STM-1 optical, LC single mode 24

25 ASAP LED Indicators 4 Status led Power consumption (nominal) <16 W Dimensions (including front panel and 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W) rear connector) Weight (nominal) < 0.9 kg (2 lb) Interface, configurable Electrical 1 to 16x Mbps (E1) Electrical interface parameters Standards Compliance E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.704 Line code E1 HDB3 Connectors ASAP16 1x SCSI Impedance E1 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced, configurable 25

26 5 MEF-8 and ATM 5.1 MEF-8 As described in MetroEthernet Forum, MEF-8 is a standard for implementing interoperable CES equipment that reliably transport TDM circuits across Metro Ethernet Networks while meeting the required performance of circuit emulated TDM services as defined in ITU-T and ANSI TDM standards. The Circuit Emulation Service (CES) emulates a circuit network, by packetizing, encapsulating and tunneling the TDM traffic over Ethernet. MEF-8 Service Definitions 6 Synchronization The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MSS supports a full range of local and end-to-end network-synchronization solutions for a wide variety of applications. The network clock can be locked to anyone of the following sources: Synch-Eth Any plesiochronous E1/T1 data link chosen from any input interface Dedicated Sync-In port available on MSS core module for a waveform frequency signal at 2, 5, or 10 MHz Built-in free run oscillator. 26

27 STM1 clock chosen from SDH input interface At the egress of the backhauling network synchronization is made available through anyone of the following: Synch-Ethernet according to G.8261/8262 Any plesiochronous E1/T1 data link chosen from any output interface Dedicated Sync-In port available on MSS core module for a waveform frequency signal at 2, 5, or 10 MHz. STM1 clock chosen from SDH output interface It is important to notice that ingress and egress methods can be freely mixed, depending on the specific needs of the operator. So, as an example, the network clock can be locked to an ingress E1 and delivered through a Synch-Eth or BITS interface at the egress. End-to-end scenarios where time-of-day/phase alignment are requested are fully supported, as 1588 PTP v2 is delivered transparently by MSS across the network MSS has an embedded reference clock which is distributed to each board of the network element. Such clock is generated in the Clock Reference Unit (CRU) of the core card (controller). STM-1/OC-3 E1/T1 SDH/Sonet card PDH card Distributed reference clock SDH/Sonet card PDH card STM-1/OC-3 E1/T1 ATM/IMA E1/T1 ASAP card Clock selector CRU ASAP card ATM/IMA E1/T1 Symbol rate Synch- Eth Synch-Out Radio card Core card G813 quality Radio card Core card Symbol rate Synch- Eth Synch-Out Stratum 3 oscillator Clock source selection and distribution The availability of the Clock in the Network represents the most common scenario, characterized by a time source available at the ingress of the microwave backhauling network, derived from the primary reference clock. 27

28 7 Ethernet Features 7.1 MAC Switching embedded Level 2 Ethernet The switch is capable to evaluate the destination address of each frame received and to transmit the individual frames to the correct egress port according to information contained in a database "address resolution table" and associated to destination address. If the switch does not know on which port to forward the frame (destination address is not present in "address resolution table"), it sends the packet on all ports (flooding). The switch performs half transparent bridge functionality that is to filter the frames which destination is on the segment (port) where it was received. 7.2 Level-2 Addressing The address management function is performed in the switch through the address table (Level-2 Table) that can manage up to entries in the MSS. New entries are automatically learned when packet is received on port. These entries can be created or updated by the Equipment. The aging process periodically removes dynamically learned addresses from the "address resolution table". Learning is based on Source MAC Address and VLAN ID. It is possible to combine this function with the static configuration of the registration entries. For any valid incoming packet, the Source MAC Address is associated to the VLAN ID (directly from the packet or through VLAN Tables) and used to search the proper tables. If a match is not found, the new address is learned and associated with the ingress port of the packet. If a match is found, no further action is taken for learning. The Destination MAC Address along with the VLAN ID is used as a search key for the packet s output port. If a match is found then the packet is switched out on the matched port, otherwise, if the match is not found, then a Destination Lookup Failure (DLF) occurs and the packet is switched out on all ports that are members of the VLAN, except that one which has received the packet in ingress. 28

29 7.3 Flooding If the switch does not know on which port to forward the frame (destination address is not present in "address resolution table"), it sends the packet on all ports (flooding). By default the flooding is enabled on all ports and doesn t require any CT/NMS setting. Nevertheless using the cross connections capability is possible to restrict the flooding only on some ports. 7.4 Half bridge functionality The switch performs half transparent bridge functionality (address learning to filter the frames which destination is on the segment where it was generated). 7.5 Summary of Ethernet Features Supported IEEE 802.3x Flow control In case of incoming Ethernet traffic leading to exhaustion of buffers on input queues, PAUSE frames are transmitted from the switch to remote peer in order to slow down the traffic (if the peer supports flow control). In the other direction, when the switch receives a pause frame on a specific port from peer equipment, the switch stops the packet transmission on that port until receives again a pause frame with resume transmission command. Flow control to be fully effective (no packets lost inside the network) requires that all devices in the end-to-end path support flow control. The flow control function is supported only when the capability is full duplex. The flow control setting on the switch ports linked to user Ethernet ports must be consistent with the setting on the user ports Asymmetric Flow control This features on switch port based, allows of enable the pause frame only in transmission or receiver side. 29

30 In the first case the switch can generate pause frame toward peer but is not able to stop transmission traffic when receives a pause from peer. In the second case, asymmetric receive flow control enabled, the switch when receives a pause frame stops the transmission but is not able to transmit pause frame toward the peer. The asymmetric flow control setting on the switch ports linked to user Ethernet ports must be consistent with the setting on the user ports Q VLAN management The port-based VLAN feature allows of partition the switch ports into virtual private domains. According to the type of site configuration and cross-connections setting this feature is properly managed by the software. For example, if all traffic from one Ethernet port must be forwarded only in one radio direction is good to enable the traffic exchange only between these ports. The IEEE 802.1Q tag VLAN feature can be enabled including between the other the stripping or adding of the TAG and VLAN lookups in addition to MAC lookups (this feature between the other can be useful for re-route TMN traffic to the controller). The IEEE 802.1Q tag VLAN feature can be enabled or disabled (be transparent for the VLAN) including between the other the stripping or adding of the TAG and VLAN lookups in addition to MAC lookups (this feature can be useful to logically break a physical LAN into a few smaller logical LAN and to prevent data to flow between the sub-lan), dropping NON-VLAN Frames Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) Link Aggregation allows one or more physical links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group, such that a MAC Client (CES, VLAN Management, etc.) can treat the Link Aggregation Group as if it is a single link. Link Aggregation provides the following: Increased bandwidth: The capacity of multiple links is combined into one logical link Link protection: The failure or replacement of a single link within a Link Aggregation Group does not cause failure from the perspective of a MAC Client. 30

31 Load sharing: MAC Client traffic may be distributed across multiple links. Automatic configuration: Link Aggregation Groups are automatically configured and individual links are automatically allocated to those groups relying on the Link Aggregation Protocol. Static configuration: Link Aggregation Groups are statically configured by the operator. 7.6 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.3ag) Ethernet OAM is a set of procedures for maintenance and troubleshooting of point-to-point and multi-point Ethernet Virtual Connections that span one or more links. It is end-to-end within an Ethernet network. The following figure shows a network comprising of multiple domains within the metro network. Customer domain Provider domain Operator 1 domain Operator 2 domain The customer subscribes to the services of a provider, who in turn subscribes to the services of two operators. Every domain has its own NMS. There are two planes. Vertical plane in red shows the OAM entities across different domains. Horizontal plane in blue has various OAM entities (MEPs and MIPs) within a domain. The following figures show the cross-section across the vertical OAM plane and the horizontal OAM plane respectively. The vertical plane figure shows a single monitored path for each administrative domain; the horizontal plane figure shows two monitored paths for the same administrative domain. 31

32 Customer Equipment Operator A Bridges Operator B Bridges Customer Equipment MEP ETH MIP ETH Section or SRV Customer Level Provider Level Operator Level Server Layer Levels - + Vertical plane cross-section Maintenance End Point Maintenance Intermediate Point MIP10 MEP3 MEP1 MIP9 MIP1 MIP2 MIP3 MIP4 MIP5 MIP6 MIP7 MIP8 MEP4 MEP2 MIP12 MIP11 Horizontal plane cross-section Bridge Port MIP MEP 32

33 Ethernet OAM provides the following tools: 33

34 7.7 Ethernet Ring Protection (ITU-T G.8032v2) ERP allows a simple, Carrier Grade and reliable packet protection in ring topologies. It will be supported in a future release of the 9500MSS. ITU-T G.8032v2 ERP filled the gap in Carrier grade Ring protection schema. (x)stp in fact has been developed for LAN environments and it is not employed anymore in new network deployments for its lack of determinism (depending on the position of root bridge) and scalability (BPDU needs to be processed in each node, MSTP is complex to operate, Per-VLAN STP is not standardized and scalable) in Carrier networks. Traffic can follow on both ring directions: Clockwise direction & Counter-clockwise direction Protection is triggered by physical criteria (no protocol intervention) Protection is based on R-APS messages sent on both sides of the ring by the nodes detecting the failure. Traffic is redirected by each node of the ring locally, ensuring parallel processing to speed up protection time. G.8032v2 algorithm operates on VLAN, regardless the type of traffic transported: TDM (TDM2TDM and TDM2ETH) and Eth (Multiple CoS and services) traffic types can be protected Traffic flows (any type/priority) can be allocated on both ring directions to exploit the maximum ring bandwidth in normal conditions for best effort traffic and to limit packet delay when traffic enters from different points of the ring. Synchronization is managed through SSM messages (Synchronous Ethernet). In the following picture two instances of G.8032v2 ERP are used in the ring. On each instance multiple VLAN can be mapped. Instances can be configured to block VLAN on different nodes/ports of the ring, effectively allowing traffic to flow on different directions according to the VLAN they are mapped in. 7.8 Other features Port Segregation: all traffic received/transmitted from one user Ethernet port cannot be exchanged with specific user Ethernet ports/radio directions Per flow policer: ingress rate limiter per VLAN, dropping the traffic exceeding a given CIR value Per Cos police: ingress rate limiter per p bits value (i.e. possibility to define a thresholds above which the traffic a given pbit value or a given set of pbits values is dropped) Broadcast storm control: ingress rate limiter on broadcast traffic 34

35 Multicast storm control: ingress rate limiter on multicast traffic MAC address access control list: only packet with SA inside a given list are transmitted Stacked VLAN (Q-in-Q): 802.1ad The switch supports double tagging according to 802.1ad, in particular: adding a service VLAN on the ingress traffic pbits value of service VLAN is a)user configurable b)same value of customer VLAN. The EtherTypes supported are: EtherType 0x8100 EtherType 0x9100 EtherType 0x88A VLAN swap Every incoming frames on a given user having VLANID xxx is remarked with VLANID yyy without changing the priority (.1p bits). 7.9 Ethernet QoS The Ethernet switch provides a Quality of Service mechanism to control all streams. If by CT/NMS the QoS is disabled all traffic inside the switch has the same priority, this means that for each switch port there is only one queue (FIFO) therefore the first packet that arrives is the first that is transmitted Traffic priority In the switch the QoS assigns the priority for each packet according to information in: Port-based: the same priority is assigned to each frame arriving at the given ingress port; IEEE std 802.1p: the packet is examined for the presence of a valid 802.1P user-priority Tag. If the tag is present the correspondent priority is assigned to the packet; MAC based: the MAC destination address and VLAN ID are used to determine the priority for each packet; DiffServ: each packet is classified based on DSCP field in the IP header to determine the priority; 35

36 By CT/NMS the priority can be chosen between 802.1p or DiffServ for each Network Element IEEE 802.1P QoS configuration When 802.1p QoS mechanism is adopted the reference is the standard "IEEE 802.1D-2004 Annex G. User priorities and traffic classes that defines 7 traffic types and the corresponding user priority values. By CT/NMS is possible to configure the mapping 802.1p value to queue inside the switch When an incoming packet is not 802.1p it is assigned to the lowest priority queue DiffServ QoS configuration When DiffServ QoS mechanism is adopted the classification uses the DS field of the IP packet header. By CT/NMS is possible to configure the mapping DS field value to queue inside the switch. When an incoming packet has not DiffServ valid value it is assigned to the lowest priority queue. IPv6 TOS classification is supported as well Congestion management In case of traffic congestion is possible to choose between Random Early Detection (RED) or tail drop algorithm before the congestion becomes excessive Quality of Service Quality of service of CORE card: The Quality of Service feature of the Ethernet switch provides eight internal queues for each port to support eight different class of service (COS). For each egress port according to the method of QoS classification configured in the switch, the packets are assigned to specific queue. High priority traffic is served starting from Queue 8 to 6, while the remaining five queues are shared by all generic Ethernet flows according the default and fixed classification mechanism configured by CT/NMS. 36

37 Service type Classification Scheduler type MPR QoS TDM VLAN&MAC #8 TDM2ETH VLAN&MAC HPQ #7 TMN VLAN&MAC #6 ETHERNET 1p/Diffserv #5 ETHERNET 1p/Diffserv #4 ETHERNET 1p/Diffserv HPQ /DWRR #3 ETHERNET 1p/Diffserv #2 ETHERNET 1p/Diffserv #1 Two types of scheduler algorithms are possible: Deficit Weighted Round Robin (DWRR); the weights determine the number of blocks (not the number of packets) that each queue can send at each algorithm round. Strict Priority (SP) or High Queue Preempt (HQP); guarantee that when the queue with higher priority is not empty, it is immediately served. The primary purpose of the strict priority scheduler is to provide lower latency service to the higher CoS classes of traffic. 37