Lecture 4. Data Transmission Modes and Switching. Data Transmission & Switching 1-1
|
|
- Julie Bryant
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 4 Data Transmission Modes and Switching Data Transmission & Switching 1-1
2 Agenda Introduction to Data Transmission Modes Parallel and Serial Transmission Transmission Media Guided and unguided media Data Switching Techniques Circuit Switching Packet Switching Data Transmission & Switching 1-2
3 The Heterogeneity in the Internet PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld router access points wired links billions of connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running network apps communication links fiber, copper, radio, satellite transmission rate = bandwidth routers: forward packets (chunks of data) Mobile network Global ISP Home network Regional ISP Institutional network Data Transmission & Switching 1-3
4 Data Transmission Modes How are data sent via computer networks and related connecting wires/cables? Do we send 1 bit at a time? Do we group bits into larger groups? The transmission of binary data across a link can be accomplished in either parallel or serial mode Data Transmission & Switching 1-4
5 Data Transmission Modes Data Transmission & Switching 1-5
6 Parallel Data Transmission Binary data may be organized into groups of n bits each (i.e. n parallel channels) Multiple bits (usually 8 bits or a byte/character) are sent simultaneously on different wires/frequency channels with each clock tick Major advantage: speed Major disadvantage: cost Data Transmission & Switching 1-6
7 Serial Data Transmission One communication channel rather than n to transmit data between two communicating devices one bit is sent with each clock tick Major advantage: reduced cost Major disadvantage: speed Note: communication within devices is parallel, so there is a need to a converter (some overhead time is needed) Data Transmission & Switching 1-7
8 Serial Data Transmission Serial transmission occurs in one of three ways Asynchronous groups of bits are sent as independent units with start/stop flags and no data link synchronization Data Transmission & Switching 1-8
9 Serial Data Transmission Serial transmission occurs in one of three ways Synchronous sending bits one after another without start or stop bits or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits. Data Transmission & Switching 1-9
10 Serial Data Transmission Serial transmission occurs in one of three ways Isochronous For real-time data transmission (e.g. audio and video applications) Guaranteeing delays between an entire sets of frames to be accepted (synchronous fails in guaranteeing fixed delay for data arrivals) Allowing a part of the access time of a channel to send isochronous real time data Data Transmission & Switching 1-10
11 Data Transmission & Switching 1-11
12 Transmission Media Transmission media are actually located below the physical layer and are directly controlled by the physical layer A transmission medium can be broadly defined as anything that can carry information from a source to a destination free space, metallic cable, or fiber-optic cable Data Transmission & Switching 1-12
13 Transmission Media Some Challenges in Transmission Media Unreliability due to the poor quality of the wires Noise Contention Long distances Power attenuation Various applications and operating communication frequency bands Wide frequency spectrum Electromagnetic energy and its impacts Reactive power Data Transmission & Switching 1-13
14 Transmission Media Two broad categories Guided media A signal traveling along any of these media is directed and contained by the physical limits of the medium Unguided media Signals are normally broadcast through free space and thus are available to anyone who has a device capable of receiving them Data Transmission & Switching 1-14
15 Transmission Media Data Transmission & Switching 1-15
16 Guided Transmission Media Twisted-Pair Cable (shielded and unshielded) Telephone lines Coaxial Cable Cable TV networks Fiber Optic Cable Backbone networks Data Transmission & Switching 1-16
17 Unguided Transmission Media Unguided signals can travel from a source to a destination in several ways Ground propagation radio waves travel through the lowest portion of the atmosphere Sky propagation higher-frequency radio waves radiate upward into the ionosphere where they are reflected back to earth Line-of-sight propagation very high-frequency signals are transmitted in straight lines directly from antenna to antenna Data Transmission & Switching 1-17
18 Data Switching A network is a set of connected devices how to connect them to make one-to-one communication possible? point-to-point connection between each pair of devices between a central device and every other device impractical and wasteful when applied to very large networks!!! A practical solution is network switching Data Transmission & Switching 1-18
19 Switched Network switched network consists of a series of interlinked nodes, called switches Switches are devices capable of creating temporary connections between two or more devices linked to the switch Data Transmission & Switching 1-19
20 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Data Transmission & Switching 1-20
21 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Message Switched Networks Data routed in its entirety from the source node to the destination node, one hope at a time Data Transmission & Switching 1-21
22 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Message Switched Networks In message switching, each switch stores the whole message and forwards it to the next switch No packetization No resource allocation It is still used in some applications like electronic mail ( ) Data Transmission & Switching 1-22
23 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Circuit Switched Networks made of a set of switches connected by physical links, in which each link is divided into n channels Data Transmission & Switching 1-23
24 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Circuit Switched Networks A connection between two stations is a dedicated path made of one or more links Each connection uses only one dedicated channel on each link Each link is normally divided into n channels by using multiplexing techniques, such as FDM or TDM (making shared medium) Data Transmission & Switching 1-24
25 Circuit Switched Networks FDM Example: 4 users frequency TDM time frequency time Data Transmission & Switching 1-25
26 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Circuit Switched Networks Circuit switching takes place at the physical layer Before starting communication, the stations must make a reservation for the resources to be used during the communication (resource reservation) The data are a continuous flow sent by the source station and received by the destination station (continuous data flow) There is no addressing involved during data transfer (no addressing) Data Transmission & Switching 1-26
27 Example (circuit switched networks) Design and sketch a circuit-switched network that connects computers in two remote offices of a private company. The offices are connected using a T-1 line leased from a communication service provider. There are two 4 X 8 (4 inputs and 8 outputs) switches in this network. For each switch, four output ports are folded into the input ports to allow communication between computers in the same office. Four other output ports allow communication between the two offices. Data Transmission & Switching 1-27
28 Example (circuit switched networks) Solution Data Transmission & Switching 1-28
29 Structure of Circuit Switches (Example) Time Division Switch (TDS) Time Slot Interchange (TSI) Data Transmission & Switching 1-29
30 Circuit Switched Networks Operation Phases Setup Phase A dedicated circuit needs to be established Data Transfer Phase After the establishment of the dedicated circuit, the two parties can transfer data Teardown Phase When one of the parties needs to disconnect, a signal is sent to each switch to release the resources. Data Transmission & Switching 1-30
31 Delay in a Circuit-Switched Network Setup the channel The total delay = T transmission + T propagation + T Setup + T teardown Data Transmission & Switching 1-31
32 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Packet Switched Networks: Datagram Networks The data message is divided into packets of fixed or variable size The size of the packet is determined by the network and the governing protocol There is no resource pre-allocation for a packet No reserved bandwidth on the links No scheduled processing time for each packet Data Transmission & Switching 1-32
33 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Packet Switched Networks: Datagram Networks Each packet (called datagram) is treated independently of all others (stop and forward) Packets belong to the same message may travel different paths to reach the destination Data Transmission & Switching 1-33
34 Delay in a Datagram Network For n links, The total delay = n T transmission + n T propagation + (n 1) T waiting Data Transmission & Switching 1-34
35 Switching in the Internet Switching in the Internet is done by using the datagram approach to packet switching at the network layer Data Transmission & Switching 1-35
36 Taxonomy of Switched Networks Packet Switched Networks: Virtual Circuit Switched Networks A virtual-circuit network is a cross between a circuitswitched network and a datagram network There are setup and teardown phases Resources can be allocated during the setup phase Data are packetized and each packet carries an address in the header (common with datagram) All packets follow the same path established during the connection (common with circuit switching) Normally implemented in the data link layer (shared medium) Circuit-switched network is implemented in the physical layer Datagram network in the network layer 1-36
37 Delay in a Virtual Circuit Switched Network For n links, The total delay = n T transmission + n T propagation + T Setup + T teardown Data Transmission & Switching 1-37
38 Addressing in Virtual Circuit Switched Networks Global Addressing A source or a destination needs to have a global address (i.e. an address that can be unique) Local Addressing Virtual-Circuit Identifier (VCI) A small number that has only switch scope It is used by a frame between two switches When a frame arrives at a switch, it has a VCI; when it leaves, it has a different VCI Data Transmission & Switching 1-38
39 Comparison between circuit and packet switching Data Transmission & Switching 1-39
40 Exercise (a) Use circuit switching and packet switching networks techniques to allocate bandwidth for 4 network users (b) Study the special case for a packet switching network when you have 20 users and there will be 4 active users Each user generates 250kbps when active Probability that user is active 25% of time Hint: calculate the probability that there are 4 or less simultaneously active users 4 users router Link 1 Mbps Data Transmission & Switching 1-40
41 Lecture-related Questions Why does a circuit-switched network need end-to-end addressing during the setup and teardown phases? Why are no addresses needed during the data transfer phase for this type of network? What is the role of the address field in a packet traveling through a datagram network? Data Transmission & Switching 1-41
42 Lecture Summary Covered material Introduction to Data Transmission Modes Parallel and Serial Transmission Transmission Media Guided and unguided media Data Switching Techniques Circuit Switching Packet Switching Material to be covered next lecture Introduction to the Data Link Layer Error Detection and Correction Flow and Error Control Data Transmission & Switching 1-42
Chapter 8 Switching 8.1
Chapter 8 Switching 8.1 8.2 Figure 8.1 Switched network 8.3 Figure 8.2 Taxonomy of switched networks 8-1 CIRCUIT-SWITCHED NETWORKS 8.4 A circuit-switched network consists of a set of switches connected
More informationIntroduction to Communications Part One: Physical Layer Switching
Introduction to Communications Part One: Physical Layer Switching Kuang Chiu Huang TCM NCKU Spring/2008 Goals of This Lecture Through the lecture and in-class discussion, students are enabled to compare
More informationBROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS SWITCHING A switch is a mechanism that allows us to interconnect links to form a larger network. A switch is a multi-input, multi-output device, which transfers packets
More informationPhysical Layer: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Switching. Covers Chapters# 06 & 08 from Text Book
Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Switching Covers Chapters# 06 & 08 from Text Book 2 Multiplexing From Chapter#06 3 Multiplexing If bandwidth of a medium linking two devices is greater
More informationUNIT-II OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL LAYER SWITCHING & MULTIPLEXING
1 UNIT-II OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL LAYER SWITCHING & MULTIPLEXING Syllabus: Physical layer and overview of PL Switching: Multiplexing: frequency division multiplexing, wave length division multiplexing, synchronous
More informationAnnouncements. TAs office hours: Mohamed Grissa: Mohamed Alkalbani:
Announcements TAs office hours: Mohamed Grissa: grissam@oregonstate.edu Tuesday: 4-5 Friday: 11-12 Mohamed Alkalbani: alkalbmo@oregonstate.edu Wednesday: 11-12 Thursday: 11-12 Lecture slides: Will be posted
More informationChapter 6 Questions. Problems
Chapter 6 Questions Q6-1. Q6-2. Q6-3. Q6-4. Q6-5. Q6-6. Q6-7. Describe the goals of multiplexing. List three main multiplexing techniques mentioned in this chapter. Distinguish between a link and a channel
More informationCSIS Frequency Division Multiplexing. Basic Types of Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing. Frequency Division Multiplexing.
Multiplexing: combining information streams from multiple sources for transmission over a shared medium Demultiplexing: separating a combination back into individual information streams CSIS 4222 Ch 11:
More informationObjectives. Learn how computers are connected. Become familiar with different types of transmission media
Objectives Learn how computers are connected Become familiar with different types of transmission media Learn the differences between guided and unguided media Learn how protocols enable networking 2 Objectives
More informationCOMPUTER NETWORK. PREPARED BY: DHAVAL R. PATEL Page 1. Q.1 Explain IP address. IP address is unique number of network device in network.
Q.1 Explain IP address. IP address is unique number of network device in network. Two IP address could not be same. Using this network we can connect the devices with each other. It is separated by dot(.).
More informationSYBScIT /Sem III / Computer networks UNIT II MULTIPLEXING
UNIT II MULTIPLEXING Multiplexing is the set of technique that allow the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.in a multiplexed system, n lines share the bandwidth of
More informationUNIT- 2 Physical Layer and Overview of PL Switching
UNIT- 2 Physical Layer and Overview of PL Switching 2.1 MULTIPLEXING Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. Figure
More informationWhat s a protocol? What s a protocol? A closer look at network structure: What s the Internet? What s the Internet? What s the Internet?
What s the Internet? PC server laptop cellular handheld access points wired s connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running apps communication s fiber, copper, radio transmission rate = bandwidth
More informationWireless Communication Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali
Wireless Communication Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali INTRODUCTION BOOKS Text Book: William Stallings, Wireless Communications and Networks, Pearson Hall, 2002. BOOKS Reference Books: Sumit Kasera,
More informationSubject Data Communication. Subject Code 15CS46. Module 2 (Part 2) Multiplexing and Switching
1. What is multiplexing? What are types of multiplexing? (Dec 2012) Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link. If the
More informationChapter - 7. Multiplexing and circuit switches
Chapter - 7 Multiplexing and circuit switches Multiplexing Multiplexing is used to combine multiple communication links into a single stream. The aim is to share an expensive resource. For example several
More informationend systems, access networks, links 1.3 network core
Chapter 1: roadmap 1.1 what is the Inter? 1.2 work edge end systems, works, links 1.3 work core packet switching, circuit switching, work structure 1.4 delay, loss, throughput in works 1.5 protocol layers,
More informationChapter 1: introduction
Chapter 1: introduction our goal: v get feel and terminology v more depth, detail later in course v approach: use Internet as example overview: v what s the Internet? v what s a protocol? v edge; hosts,
More informationA Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet. A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet Overview
CPSC 852 Intering A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mweigle/courses/cpsc852 1 A
More informationComp277 Assignment 1 Fall 2011 Due 20 th December 2011 at 11:00am
Question 1 1. Which of the following are related to two crucial tasks of a network interface cards? a. Establishes and manages the computer s network connection b. Connect the different parts of a motherboard
More informationCommunication Networks
Communication Networks Chapter 3 Multiplexing Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Useful bandwidth of medium exceeds required bandwidth of channel Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency
More informationend systems, access networks, links circuit switching, packet switching, network structure
Chapter 1: roadmap 1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge end systems, access networks, links 1.3 Network core circuit switching, packet switching, network structure 1.4 Delay, loss and throughput
More informationSince enrollment is very small this semester, we have flexibilty. Traditional lecture Assigned reading, and then student(s) present during class time
Syllabus You can go to cs.rpi.edu and then Faculty and my website from my profile Or you can go to www.cs.rpi.edu/~holzbh Or to be very direct, you can go to www.cs.rpi.edu/~holzbh/ccn18/index.php 1 Textbook
More informationINTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM COMPONENTS 1/28/2015. Satish Chandra satish0402.weebly.com
INTRODUCTION DATA COMMUNICATION Satish Chandra satish0402.weebly.com The term telecommunication means communication at a distance. The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed
More informationMultiplexing (Recap)
Multiplexing (Recap) Multiplexing How to transfer data between two sites once there is a digital link between them? Analog to Digital (A2D) conversion Human voice is a continuous signal in the range 0-4
More informationWhat s a protocol? What s a protocol? A closer look at network structure: What s the Internet? Hardware view: What s the Internet?
What s the Internet? Hardware view: What s the Internet? Hardware view: PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld access points wired s connected computing devices: hosts = end systems running apps communication
More informationCOMP 431 Internet Services & Protocols. A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet ( Networking Nouns and Verbs ) Jasleen Kaur
There is a poll posted on piazza. Please take a minute to fill it out. COMP 431 Internet Services & Protocols A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet ( Networking Nouns and Verbs ) Jasleen Kaur January
More informationComputer Networking Introduction
Computer Networking Introduction Halgurd S. Maghdid Software Engineering Department Koya University-Koya, Kurdistan-Iraq Lecture No.1 Chapter 1 Introduction Text Book for this course Computer Networking:
More informationSwitching CHAPTER 8. Figure 8.1
CHAPTER 8 Switching A network is a set of connected devices. Whenever we have multiple devices, we have the problem of how to connect them to make one-to-one communication possible. One solution is to
More informationModule 1. Introduction. Version 2, CSE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 1 Introduction Version 2, CSE IIT, Kharagpur Introduction In this module we shall highlight some of the basic aspects of computer networks in two lessons. In lesson 1.1 we shall start with the historical
More informationOverview of Networks
CMPT765/408 08-1 Overview of Networks Qianping Gu 1 Overview of Networks This note is mainly based on Chapters 1-2 of High Performance of Communication Networks by J. Walrand and P. Pravin, 2nd ed, and
More informationData Transmission Definition Data Transmission Analog Transmission Digital Transmission
Data Transmission Definition Data Transmission Data transmission occurs between transmitter (sender) and receiver over some transmission medium. This transfer of data takes place via some form of transmission
More informationIntroduction to computer networking
edge core Introduction to computer networking Comp Sci 3600 Security Outline edge core 1 2 edge 3 core 4 5 6 The edge core Outline edge core 1 2 edge 3 core 4 5 6 edge core Billions of connected computing
More informationNETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS Unit Structure
NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS Unit Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Data & Information 1.3 Data Communication 1.3.1 Characteristics of Data Communication 1.3.2 Components of Data Communication 1.4
More informationLecture #6 Multiplexing and Switching
SPRING 2015 Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria E-626-A Data Communication and Industrial Networks (DC-IN) Lecture #6 Multiplexing and Switching Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna 1 Agenda
More informationThe data transmission mode describes the direction of data flow. It is either simplex, half duplex or full duplex.
Data transmission Data transmission on a network involves serial transmission. It transfers data by sending one bit at a time through a single line. All data on a network is transferred using a data transmission
More informationChapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction Our goal: get context, overview, feel of networking more depth, detail later in course approach: descriptive use Internet as example Overview: what s the Internet what s a protocol?
More informationTCP/IP and OSI Model Ethernet LAN Network Cables Network Devices Network Topologies Redundant Internet Connections VLANs Wireless LANs Upcoming
2 TCP/IP and OSI Model Ethernet LAN Network Cables Network Devices Network Topologies Redundant Internet Connections VLANs Wireless LANs Upcoming Network Technologies 3 4 Elements of the Network Sender
More informationIntroduction. The fundamental purpose of data communications is to exchange information between user's computers, terminals and applications programs.
Introduction The fundamental purpose of data communications is to exchange information between user's computers, terminals and applications programs. Simplified Communications System Block Diagram Intro-1
More informationComputer Networks and the internet. Daniel Graham Ph.D
Computer Networks and the internet Daniel Graham Ph.D 1.1 What Is the Internet? The Internet is a computer network that interconnects hundreds of millions of computing devices throughout the world. As
More informationOutline: Connecting Many Computers
Outline: Connecting Many Computers Last lecture: sending data between two computers This lecture: link-level network protocols (from last lecture) sending data among many computers 1 Review: A simple point-to-point
More informationLecture 2: Internet Structure
Lecture 2: Internet Structure COMP 332, Spring 2018 Victoria Manfredi Acknowledgements: materials adapted from Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 7 th edition: 1996-2016, J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross,
More informationInternetworking is connecting two or more computer networks with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic back and forth, and guide traffic on
CBCN4103 Internetworking is connecting two or more computer networks with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic back and forth, and guide traffic on the correct path across the complete network
More informationChapter 1. Computer Networks and the Internet
Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet Internet traffic What s the Internet? (hardware) PC server wireless laptop cellular handheld wired links millions of connected computing devices: hosts = end
More informationPhysical Layer Part 3
Physical Layer Part 3 Transmission Media Networks: Transmission Media 1 Transmission Media Transmission medium:: the physical path between transmitter and receiver. Repeaters or amplifiers may be used
More informationTIME SCHEDULE. 2 Physical Layer 15. Course General Outcomes: Sl. G.O On completion of this course the student will be able :
COURSE TITLE : DATA COMMUNICATION COURSE CODE : 3151 COURSE CATEGORY : B PERIODS/WEEK : 4 PERIODS/SEMESTER : 60 CREDITS : 4 TIME SCHEDULE MODULE TOPICS PERIODS 1 Concepts of Data Communication 15 2 Physical
More information2 Network Basics. types of communication service. how communication services are implemented. network performance measures. switching.
2 Network Basics types of communication service how communication services are implemented switching multiplexing network performance measures 1 2.1 Types of service in a layered network architecture connection-oriented:
More informationIntroduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005
Introduction to Information Technology Turban, Rainer and Potter John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005 Network and Telecommunications Basics Chapter Outline The telecommunications system Network services
More informationPart I: Introduction. 1: Introduction 1
Part I: Introduction Chapter goal: get context, overview, feel of networking more depth, detail later in course approach: descriptive use Internet as example Overview: what s the Internet what s a protocol?
More informationWireless Networks. Communication Networks
Wireless Networks Communication Networks Types of Communication Networks Traditional Traditional local area network (LAN) Traditional wide area network (WAN) Higher-speed High-speed local area network
More informationDC Assignment III. Communication via circuit switching implies that there is a dedicated communication path between two stations.
DC Assignment III 1. Explain circuit-switched Network with neat Diagrams. Communication via circuit switching implies that there is a dedicated communication path between two stations. That path is a connected
More informationDATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 1. Explain the types of transmission modes. Communication between two devices can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex. Simplex In simplex
More informationAdaptors Communicating. Link Layer: Introduction. Parity Checking. Error Detection. Multiple Access Links and Protocols
Link Layer: Introduction daptors ommunicating hosts and routers are nodes links connect nodes wired links wireless links layer-2 packet is a frame, encapsulates datagram datagram controller sending host
More informationTransmission Media :- It can be broadly classified into two types
Transmission Media :- It can be broadly classified into two types - Guided Transmission Media:- in this type of media, a physical path is established between source and destination. The signal or electrical
More informationModule 2 Overview of Computer Networks
Module 2 Overview of Computer Networks Networks and Communication Give me names of all employees Who earn more than $00,000 ISP intranet backbone satellite link desktop computer: server: network link:
More informationModule 2 Overview of. Computer Networks
Module Overview of Networks and Communication Give me names of all employees Who earn more than $00,000 ISP intranet backbone satellite link desktop computer: server: network link: CS454/654 - Issues How
More informationM242 COMPUTER NETWORS AND SECURITY
M242 COMPUTER NETWORS AND SECURITY UNIT - I DATA COMMUNICATIONS 1.1 Data Communications 1. What is data communication? Explain its components Data communication is a process of transferring data electronically
More informationSAE6A/SAZ6B DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING UNIT : I To V
SAE6A/SAZ6B DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING UNIT : I To V 1 UNIT 1:Syllabus Introduction to Data Communication Network Protocols & standards standards organizations Line Configuration Topology Transmission
More informationالطبولوجيات االخرى مثل الباص قد ابعدت ايضا وذلك الن زيادة عدد االجهزة المرتبطة فيها الشبكة سوف يضعف قابلياتها ويقلل من كفائتها.
Almustansorya University College of Education Computer Science Department Communication and Computer Networks Class 4 (A/B) Lesson 8... Switching The Switching Computer network is a set of connected devices.
More informationA Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet Overview
CS 455/555 / Spring 2013 Intro to Networks and Communications Whirlwind Introduction to the Inter (part 1) Dr. Michele C. Weigle http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mweigle/cs455-s13/ A Whirlwind Introduction to the
More informationWave Division Multiplexing. Circuit Switching (1) Switching Networks. Nodes. Last Lecture Multiplexing (2) Source: chapter8
Circuit Switching (1) Last Lecture Multiplexing (2) Source: chapter8 This Lecture Circuit switching (1) Source: chapter9 Next Lecture Circuit switching (2) Source: chapter 9 Reference books A. Tanenbaum,
More informationChapter 12. Network Organization and Architecture
Chapter 12 Network Organization and Architecture Chapter 12 Objectives Learn the basic physical components of networks. Become familiar with routing protocols. 2 Computer networks are often classified
More informationOverview on the Internet the current and future telecommunication network
Overview on the Internet the current and future telecommunication network Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 5 th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley, April 2009. Introduction 1-1 Introduction
More informationA closer look at network structure:
T1: Introduction 1.1 What is computer network? Examples of computer network The Internet Network structure: edge and core 1.2 Why computer networks 1.3 The way networks work 1.4 Performance metrics: Delay,
More informationINTRODUCTORY COMPUTER
INTRODUCTORY COMPUTER NETWORKS TYPES OF NETWORKS Faramarz Hendessi Introductory Computer Networks Lecture 4 Fall 2010 Isfahan University of technology Dr. Faramarz Hendessi 2 Types of Networks Circuit
More informationPSD2A Computer Networks. Unit : I-V
PSD2A Computer Networks Unit : I-V 1 UNIT 1 Introduction Network Hardware Software Reference Models OSI and TCP/IP models Example networks: Internet, ATM, Ethernet and Wireless LANs Physical layer Theoretical
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction A note on the use of these ppt slides: We re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). They re in PowerPoint form so you can add, modify, and delete
More informationTopics. Link Layer Services (more) Link Layer Services LECTURE 5 MULTIPLE ACCESS AND LOCAL AREA NETWORKS. flow control: error detection:
1 Topics 2 LECTURE 5 MULTIPLE ACCESS AND LOCAL AREA NETWORKS Multiple access: CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, token passing, channelization LAN: characteristics, i basic principles i Protocol architecture Topologies
More informationSwitching CHAPTER 8. Solutions to Review Questions and Exercises. Review Questions
CHAPTER 8 Switching Solutions to Review Questions and Exercises Review Questions 1. Switching provides a practical solution to the problem of connecting multiple devices in a network. It is more practical
More informationend systems, access networks, links circuit switching, packet switching, network structure
Introduction Chapter 1: roadmap 1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge end systems, access networks, links 1.3 Network core circuit switching, packet switching, network structure 1.4 Delay, loss and
More informationAnnouncements. CS 5565 Network Architecture and Protocols. Outline for today. The Internet: nuts and bolts view. The Internet: nuts and bolts view
Announcements CS 5565 Network Architecture and Protocols Lecture 2 Godmar Back Created Lectures Page Created CS5565 Forum Use this to find a project partner All projects will be done in groups of up to
More informationInternet Architecture & Performance. What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view
Internet Architecture & Performance Internet, Connection, Protocols, Performance measurements What s the Internet: nuts and bolts view millions of connected computing devices: hosts, end systems pc s workstations,
More informationSwitching CHAPTER 8. Figure 8.1
CHAPTER 8 Switching A network is a set of connected devices. Whenever we have multiple devices, we have the problem of how to connect them to make one-to-one communication possible. One solution is to
More informationLecture #25: Networks and Communications. Communication and Networks. What will we learn?
Lecture #25: Networks and Communications Communication and Networks What will we learn? How a communications system works What a network is What networks used for What network operating systems do What
More informationSubject-Computer Networks, M.Sc.(CS) - III rd
Subject-Computer Networks, M.Sc.(CS) - III rd Semester-2013 Max Marks -60 Section A Note : Attempt all questions.all questions carry equal marks 10x2=20 1. Define frequency and period. Ans: Periods refers
More informationTransmission Media. Criteria for selection of media. Criteria for selection of media 2/17/2016. Chapter 3: Transmission Media.
Chapter 3: Transmission Media Marks- 20 Transmission Media Transmission media carries the information from sender to receiver. Different types of cables or waves to transmit data. Data is transmitted through
More informationLecture 8 Winter 2006 Enterprise and Personal Communications Networks
Information Technology Lecture 8 Winter 2006 Enterprise and Personal Communications Networks 1 Objectives Identify the reasons that multiuser systems are used in business. Describe eight network service
More informationend systems, access networks, links circuit switching, packet switching, network structure
Chapter 1: roadmap 1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge end systems, access networks, links 1.3 Network core circuit switching, packet switching, network structure 1.4 Delay, loss and throughput
More informationOutline. Computer Communication and Networks. The Network Core. Components of the Internet. The Network Core Packet Switching Circuit Switching
Outline Computer Communication and Networks 1 Department of Computer Science & Information Technology University of Balochistan Lecture 03 1/26 2/26 Two major components The mesh of packet switches and
More informationECE 650 Systems Programming & Engineering. Spring 2018
ECE 650 Systems Programming & Engineering Spring 2018 Networking Introduction Tyler Bletsch Duke University Slides are adapted from Brian Rogers (Duke) Computer Networking A background of important areas
More information06/02/2006. Local & Metropolitan Area Networks 1. INTRODUCTION. Why Study Local and Metropolitan Area Networks? ACOE322. Lecture 1 Introduction
Local & Metropolitan Area Networks ACOE322 Lecture 1 Introduction 1 1. INTRODUCTION In this section we will cover : 1. Overview of data communications and networking 2. Definition and overview of LANs,
More informationIT220 Network Standards & Protocols. Unit 4: Chapter 4 Transmitting Bits
1 IT220 Network Standards & Protocols Unit 4: Chapter 4 Transmitting Bits Objectives Differentiate among major types of LAN and WAN technologies and specifications and determine how each is used in a data
More informationCCM 4300 Lecture 5 Computer Networks, Wireless and Mobile Communications. Dr Shahedur Rahman. Room: T115
CCM 4300 Lecture 5 Computer Networks, Wireless and Mobile Communications Dr Shahedur Rahman s.rahman@mdx.ac.uk Room: T115 1 Recap of Last Session Described the physical layer Analogue and Digital signal
More informationAdaptors Communicating. Link Layer: Introduction. Parity Checking. Error Detection. Multiple Access Links and Protocols
Link Layer: Introduction daptors ommunicating Terminology: hosts and routers are nodes communication channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path are links wired links wireless links LNs
More informationThe Link Layer and LANs. Chapter 6: Link layer and LANs
The Link Layer and LANs EECS3214 2018-03-14 4-1 Chapter 6: Link layer and LANs our goals: understand principles behind link layer services: error detection, correction sharing a broadcast channel: multiple
More informationIntroduction to Wireless Networking ECE 401WN Spring 2008
Introduction to Wireless Networking ECE 401WN Spring 2008 Lecture 2: Communication Networks The first major topic we will study will be WLANs. But before that, we need to consider a few basics of networking.
More informationCOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS Data Communications Data communications describes a process in which one computer transfers data, instructions, and information to another computer. The basic model for data
More informationCSEN 503 Introduction to Communication Networks
CSEN 503 Introduction to Communication Networks 1-1 Mervat AbuElkheir Hana Medhat Ayman Dayf ** Slides are attributed to J. F. Kurose People and Resources 1-2 Course Name Introduction to Communication
More informationA Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet. A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet Overview
CPSC 360 Network Programming A Whirlwind Introduction to the Internet Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Clemson University mweigle@cs.clemson.edu January 11, 2006 http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mweigle/courses/cpsc360
More informationCOMPUTER SKILLS COMP101
COMPUTER SKILLS COMP101 Chapter 4 Introduction to Computer Networks Definitions and Terminologies Computer Network A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources
More informationComputer Communication Networks
Contents ELL 785 Computer Communication Networks Introduction Lecture 1 Taxonomy of communication works Computer Communication Networks Building a work ed work architecture 1-1 Introduction PC server wireless
More informationCSE3213 Computer Network I
CSE3213 Computer Network I Introduction Course page: http://www.cse.yorku.ca/course/3213 1 Course Contents 3 general areas: data communications, networking, and protocols 1. Data communications: basic
More informationPengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi Hijau. Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS)
Pengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi Hijau Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS) 1 Topics covered 1. From analog to digital age 2. Networks 3. Wired-communication data 4. Wireless-communication
More informationNetworks Overview. Dr. Yingwu Zhu
Networks Overview Dr. Yingwu Zhu 1 Networking is everywhere! Internet, ad-hoc wireless networks, sensor networks Networking devices: Computers, PDAs, i-pods, sensor nodes, others Networking services Web,
More informationIslamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering ECOM 4021: Networks Discussion. Chapter 1.
Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering ECOM 4021: Networks Discussion Chapter 1 Foundation Eng. Haneen El-Masry February, 2014 A Computer Network A computer
More informationCS 455/555 Intro to Networks and Communications. Link Layer
CS 455/555 Intro to Networks and Communications Link Layer Dr. Michele Weigle Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University mweigle@cs.odu.edu http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mweigle/cs455-s13 1 Link Layer
More informationJAMES F. KUROSE AND KEITH W. ROSS
JAMES F. KUROSE AND KEITH W. ROSS What is the internet? There is no one definition. Two ways to try to describe it: Nuts and bolts i.e. the basic hardware and software components A networking infrastructure
More informationSRM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR
SRM ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE SRM NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR 603203 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS QUESTION BANK (2017-2018) Course / Branch : BCA Semester /Year : EVEN / III Subject Name : Data
More information2IC10 Computer Networks Assignments week 4
2IC10 Computer Networks Assignments week 4 Mark van Eijk, s448073 Bas Kloet, s461462 Physical Layer 1 Question What is the most used physical medium nowadays? Why? Does that specific medium have the best
More informationComputer Networks and Internet
Computer Networks and Internet Objectives Computer Networks Internet 2 Computer Networks Introducing Computer Networks A computer network consists of two or more computers linked together to exchange data
More information