Power Monitoring System using Matlab and IoT

Transcription

1 Power Monitoring System using Matlab and IoT Uponika Barman Roy B.tech Student, College of Engineering for Women. V.Sai Meghana B.tech Student, College of Engineering for Women. Ch.Santosh Kumar Assistant Professor, College of Engineering for Women. Dr. P.M.Sarma Professor, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering. Abstract- The requirement of power quality is playing a vital role due to drastic increase of electricity demand. Even Power failure occurs for short duration leads to large amount of loss. In order to monitor power interruptions, this paper presents the simulation and hardware prototype design using arduino, Matlab and IoT analytics ThingSpeak. The setup is applicable for standalone device which is not connected to IoT network gives data of power availability at that premises by using arduino and Matlab. The design setup is also applicable to monitor the data from remote locations using arduino and ThingSpeak and data can be displayed in Matlab and Field charts. The advantage of this design is the power or voltage variations can be monitored at location itself or from remote locations depends on requirement. The user can check the data through browser ThingSpeak. According to the user credentials they can get the graphical display. ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that lets you collect and store sensor data in the cloud and develop IoT applications. Keywords- Power Quality, Short interruptions, long interruptions, voltage sag, Internet of Things, Arduino, Matlab, Local area networks, WI-FI, Ethernet shield I. INTRODUCTION Interruptions are classified by IEEE 1159 into either a short-duration or long-duration variation. However, the term interruption is often used to refer to short-duration interruption, while the latter is preceded by the word sustained to indicate a long-duration. They are measured and described by their duration since the voltage magnitude is always less than 10% of nominal. It is one of the general categories of power quality problems mentioned in the second post of the power quality basics series of this site. Figure 1.1:Interruption Interruption is the power quality problem with the most perceivable effect on facilities. It generally affects the industrial sector, particularly the continuous process industry. In addition, the communication and information processing business is also significantly disturbed. Short-duration Interruption: Interruption is defined as the decrease in the voltage supply level to less than 10% of nominal for up to one (1) minute duration. They are further subdivided into: Instantaneous (1/2 to 30 cycles), Momentary (30 cycles to 3 seconds) and Temporary (3 seconds to 1 minute). Interruptions mostly result from reclosing circuit breakers or reclosers attempting to clear nonpermanent faults, first opening and then reclosing after a short time delay. The devices are usually on the distribution system, but at some locations, 412 Uponika Barman Roy, V.Sai Meghana, Ch.Santosh Kumar, Dr. P.M.Sarma

2 momentary interruptions also occur for faults on the subtransmission system. The extent of interruption will depend on the reclosing capability of the protective device. For example, instantaneous reclosing will limit the interruption caused by a temporary fault to less than 30 cycles. On the other hand, time delayed reclosing of the protective device may cause a momentary or temporary interruption. Aside from system faults, interruptions can also be due to control malfunctions and equipment failures. Consequences of short interruptions are similar to the effects of voltage sags. Interruptions may cause the following (but not limited to): Stoppage of sensitive equipment (i.e. computers, PLC, ASD) Unnecessary tripping of protective devices Loss of data Malfunction of data processing equipment. Sustained Interruption: Sustained Interruption is defined by IEEE 1159 as the decrease in the voltage supply level to zero for more than one (1) minute. It is classified as a long duration voltage variation phenomena. Sustained interruptions are often permanent in nature and require manual intervention for restoration. In addition, they are specific power system phenomena and have no relation to the usage of the term outage. Outage does not refer to a specific phenomenon, but rather to the state of a system component that has failed to function. Furthermore, in the context of power quality monitoring, interruption has no relation to reliability or other continuity of service statistics. Sustained interruptions are usually caused by permanent faults due to storms, trees striking lines or poles, utility or customer equipment failure in the power system or miscoordination of protection devices. Consequently, such disturbances would result to a complete shutdown of the customer facility. Interruptions and Voltage Sags Some interruptions may be preceded by voltage sag, particularly when these PQ problems are due to faults on the source system. The voltage sag occurs between the time a fault initiates and the protective device operates. On the faulted feeder, loads will experience voltage sag followed immediately by an interruption. The figure below illustrates a momentary interruption during which voltage on one phase sags to about 20 percent for about 3 cycles, which subsequently drops to zero for about 1.8 s until the recloser closes back in. Interruption after a Voltage Sag (Courtesy of Electrical Power Systems Quality) Also, as mentioned, the effects of voltage sags are almost similar to interruptions. Yet, interruptions affect the majority of end-users, while voltage sags only impact the more sensitive end-users. In other words, if other customers on the same circuit are also affected, then, the probability is high that the disturbance is due to interruption and not voltage sag. II. ARDUINO Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It is a single board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source wiring platform designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects. Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 is used in this project. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with an on-board input/output support. The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and the boot loader that runs on the board. Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiringbased language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based integrated development environment. The Arduino IDE is a cross-platform application written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring project. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with 413 Uponika Barman Roy, V.Sai Meghana, Ch.Santosh Kumar, Dr. P.M.Sarma

3 software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board with a single click. There is typically no need to edit make files or run programs on a commandline interface. Although building on command-line is possible if required with some third-party tools such as Ino. The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library called "Wiring" (from the project of the same name), which makes many common input/output operations much easier. Arduino programs are written in C/C++, although users only need define two functions to make a run able program: setup() a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings loop() a function called repeatedly until the board powers off It is a feature of most Arduino boards that they have an LED and load resistor connected between pin 13 and ground, a convenient feature for many simple tests.[29] The above code would not be seen by a standard C++ compiler as a valid program, so when the user clicks the "Upload to I/O board" button in the IDE, a copy of the code is written to a temporary file with an extra include header at the top and a very simple main() function at the bottom, to make it a valid C++ program. The Arduino IDE uses the GNU tool chain and AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses avr to upload programs to the board.as the Arduino platform uses Atmel microcontrollers Atmel s development environment,avr Studio or the newer Atmel Studio, may also be used to develop software for the Arduino.The Arduino hardware reference designs are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site. Layout and production files for some versions of the Arduino hardware are also available. The source code for the IDE and the on-board library are available and released under the GPLv2 license. Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards uses of shields, which are printed circuit boards that sit atop an Arduino, and plug into the normally supplied pin-headers. These are expansions to the base Arduino. There are many functions of shields, from motor controls, to bread boarding (prototyping). Figure 2.1 Arduino Mega Ethernet Shield: Figure 2.2: Ethernet Shield The Arduino Ethernet Shield as shown in figure 3.2 connects Arduino to the internet in mere minutes. Plug this module onto your Arduino Board, connect it to network with an RJ45 cable and follow a few simple steps to start controlling or monitoring any device or getting the desired data through internet. III. MATLAB SIMULATION The simulation is carried out in Matlab simulink model as shown in figure 3.1 and dump into arduino. Figure: 3.1 Simulation Setup 414 Uponika Barman Roy, V.Sai Meghana, Ch.Santosh Kumar, Dr. P.M.Sarma

4 The output of arduino is voltage and current data which can read in simulation model and power output is displayed and observed in scope as shown in Figure 3.2 Figure 3.2: Power output Figure 4.3: two loads are on IV HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION The Hardware setup consists of three loads. The stepdown transformer are used and converted to dc voltages using diodes as arduino works on dc voltages upto 5 volts. Scaling is done according to the input and load specifications to get the desired output. The figure 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 shows the hardware outputs when loads are on one by one and off respectively. Figure 4.4: three loads are on Figure 4.1: Hardware Setup Thingspeak: "ThingSpeak is an open source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. ThingSpeak enables the creation of sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates". The figure 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7 are the basic code and outputs for internet analytics. Figure 4.2: one load is on The figure 4.5: code 415 Uponika Barman Roy, V.Sai Meghana, Ch.Santosh Kumar, Dr. P.M.Sarma

5 Figure 4.6 Voltage variations Figure 4.7:Voltage variations in matlab V CONCLUSION Power monitoring is carried out for bulb loads using Arduino Matlab environment. Results for three loads are shown in simulation. To monitor the changes in voltage data and power data from remote locations the arduino Ethernet shield and internet of things using application program interface key in ThingSpeak is implemented. ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform that lets you collect and store sensor data in the cloud and develop IoT applications. The ThingSpeak IoT platform provides apps that give provision to analyze and visualize the data in MATLAB, and then act on the data. Sensor data can be sent to ThingSpeak from Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone Black, and other hardware.arduino Power Measurement is an advanced method of determining power which uses a microcontroller. Because the programming part is easier than C language. The advantages of Arduino over other software s are it simplifies the amount of hardware and software development needed in order to get a system running. REFERENCES [1] Rong-Ceng Leou, Ya-Chin Chang, Jen-Hao Teng A Web-based Power Monitoring System IEEE Power Engineering Society /01/$ IEEE [2] Srividyadevi P., Pusphalatha D.V. and Sharma P.M. Measurement of Power and Energy Using Arduino Research Journal of Engineering SciencesVol. 2(10), 10-15, October (2013) [3] [4] [5] Daniel B. Koch An Internet of Things approach to electrical power monitoring and outage reporting SoutheastCon, 2017 IEEE DOI: /SECON [6] Shao Zhuhong, "Research on the building electric equipment fault diagnosis and energy conservationin the Internet of Things" in, Shandong Jianzhu University, [7]H. A. Maior and S. Rao, "A self-governing, decentralized, extensible Internet of Things to share electrical power efficiently," 2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Taipei, Uponika Barman Roy, V.Sai Meghana, Ch.Santosh Kumar, Dr. P.M.Sarma