Recommended Usage of Microchip SPI Serial SRAM Devices RECOMMENDED CONNECTIONS FOR 23XXXX SERIES DEVICES VCC 23XXXXX HOLD SCK
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1 Recommended Usage of Microchip SPI Serial SRAM Devices Author: INTRODUCTION Martin Bowman Microchip Technology Inc. Many embedded systems require some amount of volatile storage for temporary data. This is increasingly true with internet enabled devices. Because of their small footprint, low I/O pin requirement, low-power consumption and low cost, serial SRAMs are a popular choice for volatile storage. Microchip Technology has addressed this need by offering a line of serial SRAMs using the industry standard SPI communication. Serial SRAM devices are available in a number of density offerings, operational voltage ranges and packaging options. The serial SRAM products offer an alternative to the traditional parallel architecture that saves both board area and also I/O count on the MCU. In order to achieve a highly robust application when utilizing serial SRAMs, the designer must consider more than just the data sheet specifications. There are a number of conditions which could potentially result in non-standard operation. The most important of them are discussed in this application note. This application note provides assistance and guidance with the use of Microchip SPI serial SRAMs. These recommendations are not meant as requirements; however, their adoption will lead to a more robust overall design. The following topics are discussed: Input Considerations Power Supply STATUS Register Operating Modes Figure 1 shows the suggested connections for using Microchip SPI serial SRAMs. The basis for these connections will be explained in the sections which follow. FIGURE 1: RECOMMENDED CONNECTIONS FOR 23XXXX SERIES DEVICES VCC VCC To Master CS SO NC XXXXX VCC HOLD SCK (1) To Master VSS 4 5 SI Note 1: A decoupling capacitor (typically 0.1 μf) should be used on VCC Microchip Technology Inc. DS01245B-page 1
2 INPUT CONSIDERATIONS It is never good practice to leave an input pin floating. This can cause high standby current as well as undesired functionality. If a pin is left floating, it can either float low or high. Which direction the signal goes is dependent upon a number of factors, including noise in the system and capacitive coupling. Because of this, the level seen by the input circuitry is relatively random and likely to change during operation. Such unpredictable input levels can have devastating effects on device operation. For example, Microchip s SPI serial SRAMs feature a HOLD pin which allows the user to suspend the clock mid-stream. If this pin were to float low (active), the device would no longer react to any clock pulses received, communication would be disrupted and data potentially lost or corrupted. Therefore, any unused input pins should always be tied to a proper level, such as high for an active-low input. Moreover, it is recommended that, if the microcontroller has extra, tri-state I/O pins available, connections be made to these unused inputs along with a pull-down/ pull-up resistor, as shown in Figure 1. This will allow for the inputs to be used at a later date simply by modifying firmware. Although the CS pin should always be driven by the microcontroller during normal operation, it has potential for floating during power-down/power-up. As such, this pin should also have a pull-up resistor to avoid undesired commands due to noise during these conditions. Power-Up On power-up, VCC should always begin at 0V and rise straight to its normal operating level to ensure a proper Power-on Reset. VCC should not linger at an ambiguous level (i.e., below the minimum operating voltage). However, if VCC happens to fall below the minimum retention voltage for the device (see data sheet DC characteristics), it is recommended that VCC be brought down fully to 0V before returning to normal operating level. This will help to ensure that the device is reset properly. Furthermore, if the microcontroller features a Brownout Reset with a threshold higher than that of the serial SRAM, bringing VCC down to 0V will allow both devices to be reset together. Otherwise, the microcontroller may reset during communication while the SRAM is still in an operational condition. Power Failure During a Write During the time that data is being written to the SRAM VDD should remain above the minimum operating voltage. If at any time VDD drops below this minimum voltage but remains above the retention voltage, (as specified in the product data sheet) care should be taken to ensure that the data written to the device is free from errors. POWER SUPPLY Microchip SPI serial SRAMs feature a robust serial communication protocol that helps to prevent unintentional writes and data corruption while power is within normal operating levels. But, certain considerations should be made regarding power-up and power-down conditions to ensure the same level of protection during those times when power is not within normal operating levels. As shown in Figure 1, a decoupling capacitor (typically 0.1 μf) should be used to help filter out small ripples on VCC. DS01245B-page Microchip Technology Inc.
3 STATUS REGISTER Microchip SPI serial SRAMs feature a STATUS register. The STATUS register is used to control features of the device and is a read/write register. Bits within the STATUS register are used to control the following functions: HOLD Feature Operating modes: Byte mode Page mode Sequential mode The STATUS register is accessed through the Read Status Register (RDSR) and Write Status Register (WRSR) commands. For the 23XX256, bits 1 through 5 should always be set to 0. For the 23XX640, bits 2 through 5 should always be set to 0. Bit 1 will read back as a 1 but this bit must always be written back as 0 to ensure correct operation. HOLD FEATURE The HOLD bit (bit 0) in the STATUS register is used to enable and disable the hardware HOLD feature. To enable the HOLD pin, bit 0 must be cleared before the pin can be toggled. Setting this bit to 1 will disable the hardware pin. Page Mode Page mode is selected when bits 7:6 in the STATUS register are set to 10. In this mode, read and write operations are limited to the current page that is addressed with the 16-bit address following the instruction. The serial SRAM has a page size of 32 bytes, with either 1024 pages (23XX256) or 256 pages (23XX640). In Page mode the user can either read data from or write data to the current page. As the internal Address Pointer is incremented at the end of the page boundary it will roll over to the beginning of the current page. If a write is being executed the data at the beginning of the page will be overwritten. The address sent after the instruction does not have to be aligned to a page boundary. Sequential Mode Sequential mode is selected when bits 7:6 in the STATUS register are set to 01. In this mode, read and write operations can be performed on the whole array. The address sent after the instruction is the first array location that will be read from or written to. With each subsequent data byte, the internal Address Pointer is incremented. At any point, the read or write sequence can be terminated by raising CS. At the end of the SRAM array, the internal Address Pointer will roll-over to 0x0000. OPERATING MODES The Microchip serial SRAM has three operating modes. Byte Mode Byte Mode is selected when bits 7:6 in the STATUS register are set to 00. In this mode, all read and write operations are limited to the byte that is addressed with the 16-bit address clocked into the device after the instruction. The user can read or write to the same byte continuously until the CS line is brought high, terminating the command. The internal Address Pointer is not incremented Microchip Technology Inc. DS01245B-page 3
4 SUMMARY This application note illustrates recommended techniques for increasing design robustness when using Microchip SPI serial SRAMs. These recommendations fall directly in line with how Microchip designs, manufactures, qualifies and tests its serial SRAMs and will allow the devices to operate within the data sheet parameters. It also serves to explain in detail some of the features of the device and makes the user aware of any potential pitfalls that they may fall into. DS01245B-page Microchip Technology Inc.
5 Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable. Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dspic, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, rfpic, SmartShunt and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dspicdem, dspicdem.net, dspicworks, dsspeak, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mtouch, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICtail, PIC 32 logo, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rflab, Select Mode, Total Endurance, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC MCUs and dspic DSCs, KEELOQ code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified Microchip Technology Inc. DS01245B-page 5
6 WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE AMERICAS Corporate Office 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ Tel: Fax: Technical Support: Web Address: Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: Fax: Boston Westborough, MA Tel: Fax: Chicago Itasca, IL Tel: Fax: Dallas Addison, TX Tel: Fax: Detroit Farmington Hills, MI Tel: Fax: Kokomo Kokomo, IN Tel: Fax: Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: Fax: Santa Clara Santa Clara, CA Tel: Fax: Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Tel: Fax: ASIA/PACIFIC Asia Pacific Office Suites , 37th Floor Tower 6, The Gateway Harbour City, Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: Fax: Australia - Sydney Tel: Fax: China - Beijing Tel: Fax: China - Chengdu Tel: Fax: China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: Fax: China - Nanjing Tel: Fax: China - Qingdao Tel: Fax: China - Shanghai Tel: Fax: China - Shenyang Tel: Fax: China - Shenzhen Tel: Fax: China - Wuhan Tel: Fax: China - Xiamen Tel: Fax: China - Xian Tel: Fax: China - Zhuhai Tel: Fax: ASIA/PACIFIC India - Bangalore Tel: Fax: India - New Delhi Tel: Fax: India - Pune Tel: Fax: Japan - Yokohama Tel: Fax: Korea - Daegu Tel: Fax: Korea - Seoul Tel: Fax: or Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Tel: Fax: Malaysia - Penang Tel: Fax: Philippines - Manila Tel: Fax: Singapore Tel: Fax: Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: Fax: Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: Fax: Taiwan - Taipei Tel: Fax: Thailand - Bangkok Tel: Fax: EUROPE Austria - Wels Tel: Fax: Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: Fax: France - Paris Tel: Fax: Germany - Munich Tel: Fax: Italy - Milan Tel: Fax: Netherlands - Drunen Tel: Fax: Spain - Madrid Tel: Fax: UK - Wokingham Tel: Fax: /16/09 DS01245B-page Microchip Technology Inc.
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Common Debugger Advisories
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Section 20. Comparator Voltage Reference
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MCP1602 Evaluation Board User s Guide
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PIC16F627A/628A/648A Rev. A Silicon/Data Sheet Errata The PIC16F627A/628A/648A parts you have received conform functionally to the Device Data Sheet (DS40044E), except for the anomalies described below.
AN1061. Efficient Fixed-Point Trigonometry Using CORDIC Functions For PIC16F INTRODUCTION CORDIC THEORY
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Section 10. I/O Ports
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Software Tools.
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AN1365. Recommended Usage of Microchip Serial RTCC Devices POWER SUPPLY INTRODUCTION. Power-Up. VCC Ramp Rates. Microchip Technology Inc.
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PIC18FXX8 Rev. B4 Silicon Errata Sheet The PIC18FXX8 Rev. B4 parts you have received conform functionally to the Device Data Sheet (DS41159D), except for the anomalies described below. All of the issues
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28/40/44-Pin 8-Bit Flash Microcontroller Product Brief High-Performance RISC CPU: C Compiler Optimized Architecture Only 49 Instructions Up to 8 Kbytes Self-Write/Read Flash Program Memory Addressing Up
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Explorer 16 Development Board User s Guide
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Rev. B1 Silicon Errata ENC28J60 The ENC28J60 (Rev. B1) parts you have received conform functionally to the Device Data Sheet (DS39662B), except for the anomalies described below. Any data sheet clarification
MCP1710 Demo Board User s Guide
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