New Advances in IEEE 1394 and USB Technology and Standards

Transcription

1 New Advances in IEEE 1394 and USB Technology and Standards Presented at: Industrial Vision Days 2008 Presenters: Joerg Clement, European Business Development Michael Gibbons, Product Marketing Manager

2 Overview Reviewing the Past A Brief History of FireWire, USB, and Point Grey Examining the Present Overview of Current Technology Compare and contrast USB and FireWire Strengths and limitations Applications in vision Point Grey solutions Looking to the Future New Advances in FireWire and USB Increasing bandwidth Evolution of standards Unique solutions On the horizon Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 2

3 A Brief History of 1394 and USB IEEE 1394 (FireWire) IEEE 1394a developed by Apple Computer (using the name FireWire ), in conjunction with other companies, allowed for data rates up to 400Mb/s 1394 standard now managed by the IEEE 1394 Working Group ( IEEE 1394b or FireWire 800 was later introduced, which increased the maximum data rate to 800Mb/s Universal Serial Bus USB developed by Intel, Microsoft, Compaq for peripheral components such as mice and keyboards USB 1.0 (Low Speed 1.5 Mb/s) and 1.1 (Full Speed 12 Mb/s) not useful for machine vision cameras USB 2.0 (Hi Speed) introduced in 2001 with a maximum data rate of 480 Mb/s has proven useful for machine vision cameras Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 3

4 A Brief History of Point Grey Point Grey designs, manufactures and distributes IEEE (FireWire) and USB 2.0 cameras for machine vision, industrial imaging, and computer vision Founded in 1997, based in Canada, more than 70 people worldwide German subsidiary and strong network of distributors in Japan, Korea, China, Singapore, and Taiwan Broad product lines: single-lens, stereo, spherical cameras, and FirePRO 1394b components Many industry firsts: first 1394b camera ( Dragonfly Express ), world s smallest camera ( Flea2 ), and first low-profile dual bus PCI Express card In-house manufacturing, assembly and test facilities (SMT line, AOI, clean room, etc.) Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 4

5 Current Technology Bus Topology IEEE 1394 and USB 2.0 are both serial bus interfaces that support device hot plugging IEEE 1394: Peer-to-peer communication, meaning traffic may be sent directly to the node that requires data without routing through a host Often built-in to the motherboard, or available via inexpensive add-in cards USB 2.0 Master-slave architecture, meaning every transaction either goes to or comes from the master (typically the host computer) Ports are available on virtually every modern computer Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 5

6 Current Technology Throughput IEEE 1394b: raw data throughput of 1 Gbit/s Data coding drops it down to 800 Mbits/s BOSS arbitration enables measured isochronous throughput of more than 712 Mbits/s Point Grey Grasshopper 5 MP runs at 15 FPS, using isochronous transfers to output 75 MBytes/s of data USB 2.0: raw data throughput of 480 Mbits/s Due to lack of arbitration, throughput depends heavily on the host computing load and the destination of the data e.g. data can appear on the bus twice Bulk data transfers are guaranteed delivery but not bandwidth => can use 90% of bandwidth (416 Mbit/s) Isochronous data transfers are guaranteed bandwidth but are limited to 196 Mbit/s Point Grey Chameleon 1.3 MP runs at 18 FPS, using bulk transfers to output 23.4 MBytes/s of data Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 6

7 Current Technology Quality of Service IEEE 1394: guaranteed, truly isochronous bandwidth allocated every 125 microseconds Low-latency, and enables the latency of that data to be deterministic => excellent for multiple cameras Significantly less CPU-intensive than other interfaces such as GigE GigE relies for its operation on collision detection => potential contention issues, guarantee bandwidth or latency, and requires low-level packet configuration USB 2.0: has a less robust isochronous implementation because it depends on the host software to implement all aspects of the isochronous mechanism, and bandwidth is limited to 24 MB/s If CPU resources are available, the isochronous mechanism can keep up Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 7

8 Current Technology Distance IEEE 1394: suggested max cable length of 4.5 m (STP) Cables can be longer than 4.5 m and still meet electrical requirements; many inexpensive 10 m alternatives currently available 1394b allows more types of media, specifically glass optical fiber (GOF) up to 100 m at any speed, 50 m of plastic optical fiber, and 100 m of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Category 5 at 100 Mbits/s Up to 15 hubs can be used to extend distance to 72 m using STP USB 2.0: cable distance limit is 5 m for up to 480 Mbits/s Up to 5 hubs can be used to extend distance to 30 m Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 8

9 Current Technology - Reliability IEEE 1394: can provide up to 45 W of power, and uses STP (shielded) cable Power and data provided over a single cable 1394b cables with screw lock connectors, 90-degree angle connectors, high flex characteristics, etc. are widely available GigE typically uses UTP (unshielded) Cat5 cable => more susceptible to EMI, some STP solutions available Power over Gigabit Ethernet not widely available due to requirement for special hardware (power injectors, Cat6 cable, etc. slowly emerging) USB 2.0: can provide up to 2.5 W of power, and uses STP cable Power and data provided over a single cable No standard positive lock mechanism for Mini B 5-pin USB connectors => proprietary solutions available Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 9

10 Current Technology Software IEEE 1394: supports a common Instrumentation & Industrial Digital Camera (IIDC) camera control standard Any IIDC-compliant camera can be used with any vision software package that also supports IIDC Most key software vendors (e.g. Cognex, National Instruments, Matrox, MVTec ) support this any IIDCcompliant camera supports IIDC USB 2.0: no common camera control standard Most USB camera vendors create a proprietary camera control interface, which poses a problem for customers wanting to use cameras from multiple vendors Point Grey Chameleon and Firefly MV cameras use IIDC for camera control Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 10

11 Strengths and Limitations IEEE 1394 Strengths: High 800 Mb/s bandwidth Easily supports multiple cameras Small industrial housings High power + data over one cable IIDC common camera control Low cost IEEE 1394 Limitations: More bandwidth needed for some new hi-res, multi-tap, fast fps sensors Cable length Often requires add-in card USB 2.0 Strengths: Sufficient bandwidth (480 Mb/s) for many applications Built-in support on virtually every computer Very low cost USB 2.0 Limitations: Often insufficient bandwidth Power limitations affect integration of some sensors No industry-standard camera control interface Bottom line: the limitations of one interface are often made up for by the strengths of another Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 11

12 IEEE 1394 Applications in Vision Strong presence in semiconductor (SMT, wire bond), assembly and inspection (web, container, materials), test and measurement, and others IEEE-1394 is the most widely used digital interface (31.3%), with sales expected to continue increasing as analog camera sales decline AIA 2007 Market Study Example application using IEEE 1394 cameras Inspecting bottle cap tamper bands Conveyer-based, historically using small analog ice cube cameras 8 meters away Multiple cameras acquire a 360-degree image of the object with high inspection rate Low-latency required for inspection Point Grey Flea2 IEEE 1394b camera ideally suited because of size and bandwidth Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 12

13 USB 2.0 Applications in Vision USB 2.0 appearing in more machine vision applications, such as offline wafer and circuit board inspection and alignment applications, which require small size, low cost, easy connectivity, and 480 Mb/s bandwidth Very popular in computer vision applications, such as 3D scanning, object and gesture tracking, biometrics, and security A Point Grey Chameleon 1.3 MP USB camera can be run on a compact and inexpensive PC with Linux and open-source vision software, for a total system cost of less than EUR 600 Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 13

14 Current Technology Summary IEEE-1394b USB 2.0 Communication type Serial Serial Hot pluggable Yes Yes Supported data rates (Mb/s) 100, 200, 400, 800 Future: 1600, , 12, 480 Future: 4800 Maximum total bandwidth 100 MB/s 57 MB/s Effective image data bandwidth 80 MB/s 50 MB/s (bulk mode) Network topology Peer-to-Peer Master-Slave Cable type 4-, 6-, or 9-pin STP 4-pin STP Unshielded TP, GOF Cable length (STP) 4.5 meters 5 meters Cable length (STP) with hubs 72 meters (15 hubs) 30 meters (5 hubs) Maximum devices Available PC interfaces Built-in, PCI, PCI Express, CardBus, ExpressCard Built-in, PCI, PCI Express, CardBus, ExpressCard Power 1.5 A, 8 to 30V, 45 W max 500 ma, 4.75 to 5.25 V, 2.5 W max Transaction types Isochronous and asynchronous transfers Bulk, isochronous, interrupt, control transfers Broadcast write mechanism Yes No Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 14

15 Future Technology - Overview IEEE 1394 and USB are vibrant technologies with a history of evolving to meet industry and market needs New advances with IEEE and USB 3.0 will address many of the limitations in the current technology and provide more bandwidth for less money Point Grey Research is dedicated to working with technologies that make sense and have a future Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 15

16 Future Technology Throughput IEEE : IEEE recently approved a faster version of the 1394b standard that increases bandwidth to 3.2Gbit/s Same cabling, connectors, arbitration and protocols as S b, and 1394a backward-compatible 1.6 Gbits/s version of 1394b is on the horizon, with Symwave, Inc. recently demonstrating the world s first IEEE 1394b S1600 physical layer chip Future S3200 (3.2 Gbits/s) quadruples speeds USB 3.0: Super-Speed USB is ten times as fast with data rates increased to 5 Gbits/s on a bi-directional link Commercial products expected to arrive by 2010 Fresco Logic recently demonstrated the first USB 3.0 development platform based on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA device, with measured data rate of 369 Mbytes/s Fresco Logic development platform based on Xilinx Inc's FPGA Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 16

17 Future Technology Throughput Point Grey: Grasshopper2, the world s first dual bus 1394b camera Uses two 1394b S800 PHY s to achieve data rates up to 160 MBytes/s Two ports on the back of the camera connect to two ports in a Point Grey FirePRO dual bus PCIe card Switches between single and dual bus mode depending on the bandwidth requirements Demonstrated at VISION 2008 running a Kodak KAI MP CCD at 120 FPS, and as a technology showcase, a Sony IMX MP CMOS at 120 FPS Same compact form factor as the standard Grasshopper Point Grey dual bus Grasshopper2 Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 17

18 Future Technology Distance IEEE : no changes to specification planned to allow for longer cable lengths, BUT More optical, Cat5, and coaxial repeaters from companies like IOI and Newnex Longer length cables, up to 20 meters, becoming more available from companies like Alysium-Tech USB 3.0: cable length may be slightly shorter Point Grey: FirePRO Long Distance Repeater (LDR) sends data at 800 Mb/s over 100m of Cat5e cable Uses a Gigabit Ethernet physical layer to transport FireWire data using GigE signalling Allows users to construct a reliable, high-speed FireWire-based network of multiple cameras that is physically separated by up to 100 meters from the host system Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 18

19 Future Technology - Reliability IEEE : no changes to power, cabling or connectors planned USB 3.0: power may go up Standard copper and new optical cabling will be available, with cable thickness increasing to roughly the same as Cat5 Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 19

20 Future Technology Software IEEE 1394: IIDC v1.32 announced at VISION 2008, with many new improvements that are a result of practical applications of camera technology in the industry Look-up-table support Image buffer functionality Improved bandwidth efficiency (12 bpp transport) Little-endian mode simplifies camera implementations for many image sensors and imaging architectures USB: no plans for a common camera control interface Ideally other camera vendors would adopt IIDC in the same manner as Point Grey Makes development easier for users Potential for expanded third-party software support Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 20

21 Future Technology Software IIDC v2.0: a new beginning Ground-up redesign of the spec Joint effort between the 1394TA and JIIA Expected to be available by the end of 2009 Simplify construction of industrial cameras Makes it easier for a PC to detect the individual features of a particular camera over the bus Bus independent Separate core camera control and bus dependent control Common and generic application programming interface (API) for different kinds of cameras Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 21

22 Future Technology Software Point Grey: FlyCapture Software Development Kit Provides a common software interface to control all Point Grey FireWire and USB 2.0 cameras using the same API Supports ActiveX, TWAIN and DirectShow interfaces Includes the FirePRO low-level 1394b interface driver, which enables users to grab images at full 800Mb/s transfer rates Complete software API library, ready-to-use demo programs, and comprehensive source code examples enable users to easily build custom imaging applications Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 22

23 Summary While FireWire continues to be the digital interface of choice for most machine vision applications, USB is gaining traction By offering a choice of USB or FireWire interface, Point Grey is meeting customer needs for high bandwidth, excellent reliability, low cost, and easy integration Introduction of new technology standards such as USB 3.0, 1394b S1600 and S3200, and IIDC v1.32, together with innovative camera and component designs, will allow users to break through existing speed, distance, and integration barriers Joerg Clement - 11/10/2008 New Advances in FireWire and USB 23

24 THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME