Detective X. Ultra High Resolution HPGe Radioisotope Identification Device. The New Gold Standard for Mission Critical Detection and Identification

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1 Detective X Ultra High Resolution HPGe Radioisotope Identification Device The New Gold Standard for Mission Critical Detection and Identification

2 Detective X How do you improve on The Gold Standard for nuclear threat detection and identification? ORTEC s new Detective X high purity germanium (HPGe) RIID does exactly that with a combination of identification improvements, operational (conops) improvements, better interconnectivity capabilities, and longer battery life. What Makes ORTEC s New Detective X Better? Detection and Identification Features Larger HPGe crystal, three times more efficient than the Micro-Detective-HX. Improved Algorithm that increases detection probability. Comprehensive library of over 175 radionuclides including new radiopharmaceuticals. Better standoff detection and ID capability. Operational Improvements Rugged Instrument designed for harsh environments (IP65 compliant). Weight Significantly Reduced (about half of Detective-EX-100T). Battery life doubled and batteries are hot swappable. New Li 6 /ZnS Neutron Detector Module (NDM), no 3 He required. Bigger display screen, easily readable in sunlight. Quality Improvements New Stirling cooler with more cooling capacity and improved mean time between failures. Designed with extremely hard polycarbonate case, making it both lighter and more rugged. Enhanced Connectivity Options System includes built-in Ethernet connection (RJ45). USB Connection to PC is plug and play. USB memory stick stores >100,000 spectra. Mobile phone Interconnectivity and control of instrument for ios, Android, and Windows platforms. WiFi and Bluetooth are standard with Detective X. 2

3 Detective X Why are High Purity Germanium Detectors needed for Radiation Identifiers? High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors are acknowledged as the Gold Standard detector for radioisotope identification because they provide ~35 times better in energy resolution (selectivity) than Sodium Iodide and ~15 times better in resolution than LaBr, CeBr, or SrI. HPGe can be manufactured in diameters of >3 inches, making them much bigger (more efficient) than CZT detectors. The resolution advantage results in significantly better performance (superior standoff detection, fewer false IDs, improved sensitivity to threat materials, and better spectra for reachback review). Unlike lower-resolution detector types, HPGe crystals operate at cryogenic temperatures. This created a technology challenge ORTEC solved over 30 years ago. Portable HPGe detectors historically have used Liquid Nitrogen for cooling, but since ORTEC introduced the first electro-mechanically cooled, hand-held Germanium system in 2004, ORTEC s Detective family of RIIDs with Stirling coolers have become the industry standard. There are now more than 1,300 ORTEC Detective family instruments in over 60 countries to detect and identify nuclear or radiological threats. ORTEC has worked with customers to integrate features needed to meet CONOPS or mission requirements. These new features allow the Detective X to meet a variety of deployment scenarios. The Detective X has its roots in the GE-Mini hand-held RIID development at Lawrence Livermore National Lab where it was funded by the Department of Defense and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). ORTEC exclusively licensed this technology from LLNL. The Detective X crystal is 65 mm x 50 mm which makes it approximately three times more efficient than the Micro-Detective or Micro-Detective-HX. The Detective X Features Portable Light weight, one-hand operation with GPS location. The Detective X is about 50% lighter than the industry-leading ORTEC Detective-EX-100T. Extremely Rugged Designed for military use. Can accommodate 20 C to +50 C temperatures. IP65 rating (water proof, dust proof) and drop hardened. Superior Algorithms Excellent detection and ID capability and a much better false alarm rate compared to other systems. There are more than 175 radionuclides in the library. Auto Calibration Continuous real-time detector stabilization keeps the instrument calibrated at all times. Enhanced Communication Capability Equipped with a/b/g wireless, wired Ethernet, USB, remote control via smartphones (Android, ios, and Windows PC). Bluetooth capability also included. Can easily be remotely controlled and monitored from a central location. Optional Li 6 ZnS neutron detector (no 3 He). Removable high capacity USB Flash Drive. Simple to operate: Bright, clear, SUNLIGHT READABLE display, touch sensitive screen, and intuitive menus. Operating time of up to 10 hours with dual batteries (hot swappable). Large HPGe Crystal (65 mm x 50 mm). Display and Control Buttons. 3

4 Detective X Detective X Algorithms Beyond the intrinsic selectivity of the HPGe detector type, the ultimate performance in terms of the Detective X fidelity of identification depends on the software algorithms. ORTEC licensed the original Lawrence Livermore RadScout algorithm in 2003 and has made numerous improvements to it over the years. For example, as part of the DHS/DNDO HPRDS Program, ORTEC developed the Advanced HPRDS RIID (Micro-HPRDS) from 2008 to This algorithm advancement greatly improved ID capabilities and minimized false alarms. Over the past 10 years ORTEC has participated in a variety of test campaigns sponsored by DNDO, DoD/DTRA, IAEA, and DOE National Labs to continue to improve the algorithms and enhance the radionuclide library. The Detective X incorporates the latest algorithms in combination with the large 65 mm x 50 mm crystal, making it the most sensitive and most accurate RIID on the market. Further reductions in both false positive and false negative results have been achieved. When actionable intelligence is needed on a potential threat source, reachback experts need HPGe spectra. It is widely recognized as The Gold Standard. Detective X Hardware Overview ORTEC has more than 12 years of experience with HPGe RIIDs. Users from around the globe have provided input that has been integrated into the Detective X. The Detective X features compact, light weight and rugged hardware. A large 45% efficient (65 mm x 50 mm) HPGe crystal in a hardened cryostat is cooled by an integrated low-power Stirling-cycle cryocooler. The Detective X features a new cooler, offering a greater lift capacity. The hardened cryostat is entirely free of a conventional molecular sieve, allowing the instrument to be turned off or on at any point in the detector cool down or warm up cycle without risk. ORTEC is the only manufacturer that offers this functionality in a handheld HPGe RIID. A built-in digital MCA system and powerful data processor are included. The Detective X features a bright VGA resolution display, readable in direct sunlight, with a touch sensitive operator screen. The operation of the Detective X is highly intuitive. The radionuclide gamma-ray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) like a conventional multichannel analyzer. Gamma count rate, neutron flux, and gamma dose rate are displayed continuously. Detective X Benefits Customer Requests/Input Lighter Weight & Smaller Form Factor Longer Battery Life & hot swappable batteries Reliable Stirling Cooler Larger HPGe Crystal for Better Sensitivity Non He-3 Neutron Detector RJ45 Internet Connectivity IDs for Shielded & Masked Sources Mobile Phone Interconnectivity Detective X The Detective X in Use: Overview A high-resolution, sunlight readable, color touchscreen as the standard method to operate the system and enter data such as passwords and alarm limits. Alternatively, three buttons on the top of the unit, Power, Navigate (N) and Select (S), can also be used for survey and sampling operations. Audio-visual feedback: An audio alarm can be used with the the Bluetooth headphone. A vibration alarm is provided in the handle. Indicators at the top of the screen show the current dose rate in mrem/hr (or µsv or µgy). An icon is shown if the instrument has a fix on a GPS (green) or no fix on a GPS (red). Icons also show the status of MFK, Bluetooth, LCX Mode stabilizer status (when disabled) and WiFi (connected or not connected). When radiation is detected and identified, the identification is posted to the real-time identification area of the screen. This area lists the names of any radioisotopes currently being detected. 4

5 Detective X The Detective X Operation Clear. Simple and intuitive. Informative. Based on simple-to-use hardware (even with one gloved hand). Automated packaging of data for reachback. Detective X Spectral Display (8 MeV range). Reachback Default General Settings. Modes of Operation Detect Mode Operation Detect mode is used to locate and identify sources. In this mode, the instrument is continuously looking but not storing data. The Detect Mode screen shows the detector count rate and dose rate. It is also the search mode and monitoring mode. The Detect Mode screen displays Signal Index and SNM Index strip charts in the middle of the screen. The strip charts update every half second. They are real time indicators of the presence of radioactive material. The strip charts will sometimes show an increase before identifications appear on the screen. A Survey always begins with a Detect mode measurement. The Detective X is set to automatically start in Detect Mode. Identify Mode Operation This mode is used to identify radionuclides by counting an object or area of interest from a stationary position for an extended period of time. Data is acquired for a preset time period or until the acquisition is stopped. The identify mode can operate in single spectrum mode or in multiple spectrum analysis mode. The mode is selected by the administrator. Single spectrum mode starts a spectrum collection and performs a radionuclide identification as the spectrum is collected. In multiple spectrum mode, background, known, and unknown spectra are collected, automatically packaged, and sent to reachback. The preset is real time. During this time, radionuclide IDs are displayed by nuclide name on the screen. The operator can view the spectrum in real time or can display the ten most intense gamma-ray lines in the spectrum during the identification period. Ethernet Setup. Detect Mode Survey. 5

6 Detective X The Detective X and Background Radiation No more NORM alarms The Detective X uses the background measurements saved on the instrument to recognize and suppress NORM Identifications unless the NORM material is at a significantly higher level than the stored background. The Detective X and Digital Stabilization Making the best of it Although a digital germanium spectrometer is a highly stable instrument, even with varying temperatures, the Detective X is designed for use in conditions that could be considered extreme. An automatic gain stabilizer system locks onto the natural background K-40 peak (if present) to ensure perfect calibration is maintained even in conditions of harsh handling. The stabilizer is smart. If K-40 is not found in the spectrum, the gain stabilizer will be turned off. Also, the user can choose to disable the stabilizer and proceed directly to ID measurements to minimize setup time in mission critical scenarios. The Detective X Nuclide Library The Detective X has a very comprehensive nuclide list. A subset of the entire nuclide library is the default Threat Isotopes ; these are marked in RED in Table 1. The advanced user is able to add any of the nuclides marked in GREEN to the list of red-marked threat isotopes. The color coding in the table shows the default background screen colors and visual alarms the instrument will present when these nuclides are encountered. Table 1. Detective X Nuclide Library kev Peak Present Am-241 Am-241 (shielded) Am-241 (unshielded) Neutrons Cf-252/Cf-249 Enriched Uranium Geiger Muller CR HEU Neutrons Neutrons on Al Neutrons on Boron Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Neutrons on Pb Neutrons or H.E. Gammas Np-237 Pu-238 Pu-239 Radiation Detected U-232 U-233 U-235 U-235 U-238 Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta Emitter 1001 kev Peak Present 186 kev Peak Present 2614 kev Peak Present 356 kev Peak Present 375/414 kev Peak Present 662/722 kev Peak Present Ac-225 Ac-227 Ag-110m Ar-41 As-72 As-74 At-211 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Beta Emitter Bi-207 Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter) Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) Br-76 Br-76 (Heavily Sheilded) Br-76 (Shielded) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-109 Cd-115 Ce-139 Ce-141 Ce-144 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-55 Co-56 Co-56 (Shielded) Co-57 Co-57 (Shielded) Co-58 Co-60 Cr-51 Cs-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Cu-64 Cu-67/Ga-67 Eu-152 Eu-154 Eu-155 Eu-156 F-18 Fe-59 Ga-64 Ga-64 (Shielded) Ga-67 Ga-67 Ga-67 (Shielded) Gd-153 Gd-159 Ge-68/Ga-68 Hf-181 Hg-203 Ho-166 Ho-166m Ho-166m (Shielded) I-123 I-123 (Shielded) I-124 I-125 I-126 I-126 (Shielded) I-131 I-131 (Shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 In-111 Ir-192 Ir-192 (Shielded) Ir-194 (Shielded) K-40 Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (Shielded) La-138 La-140 Lu-172 Lu-176 Lu-177 Lu-177m Mn-52 Mn-54 Mn-56 Mo-99 Na-22 Na-24 Nb-92m Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nd-96 (Shielded) Nd-147 Os-194/Ir-194 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pd-103 Po-210 Pr-144 Ra-223 Ra-226 Rb-83 Rb-86 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-106/Rh-106 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (Shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sc-46 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (Shielded) Sn-113 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-85/Kr-85 Sr-89 Sr-89 Suspect Neutrons Ta-182 Tc-96 Tc-99m Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Th-232 Tl-200 Tl-201 Tl-202 Tl-204 Tm-170 Tm-171 V-48 W-187 W-188/Re-188 Xe-127 Xe-131m Xe-133 Xe-133m Xe-135 Y-88 Y-91 Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 6

7 Detective X Detective X Technical Specifications Detectors Nuclide Identification P-type high-purity germanium (HPGe) crystal with Coaxial construction. Crystal nominal dimensions 65 mm diameter x 50 mm length. Cryostat and Cooler Hardened cryostat, with high-reliability, low-power Stirling cooler. The cryostat design is such that the Detective X may be switched off at any time and power subsequently re-applied, without having to wait for a full thermal cycle (full warm up before cool down). This feature greatly increases system availability during measurement campaigns. Cool Down Time The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between making measurements the unit is powered from a DC supply, car battery or other device. Initial cool down time depends on ambient temperature, but is typically 8 hours at 25 C. Gamma Dose Rate Detector Three detectors determine the gamma dose rate over a wide range from <0.05 mr/h to >100 R/h, a dose-rate range of over six decades. Instrument switches between the three automatically. Neutron Detector Module The optional neutron detector is a large volume segmented lithium-6 fluoride/zinc sulfate (Li 6 F/ZnS) detector that is ANSI N compliant. Hardware Digital MCA and Data Processor Display 4.3 WQVGA (480 x 272 pixels) sunlight readable, touch sensitive, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor FREESCALE I.MX535 operating at 1 GHz. Data Storage Media To internal RAM and removable low profile USB flash drive. The unit is shipped with a 16 GB Flash drive which holds over 100,000 spectra. File Format ANSI N Computer Interfacing USB and Ethernet TCP/IP v4 connections via standard RJ45 Ethernet connection (10/100Base-T 10/100Mbps, autosensing). Ready for use with MFK (Mobile Field Kit for DoD users), ORTEC GammaVision, ios devices and Android devices. Wi-Fi (802.11) communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Wireless Connectivity IEEE b wireless and Bluetooth. GPS The instrument is equipped with an internal GPS. The location information associated with a measurement is optionally stored in the N42 files. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data Digital Noise Suppression "LFR Filter". Conversion Gain 16k channel. Maximum Number of Stored Spectra Unlimited on removable media. Physical Specifications Maximum Overall Dimensions (including handle and Ge detector endcap) 15.5 in L x 6.25 in W x 8.25 in H (39.5 cm L x 16 cm W x 21 cm H). Weight 15.4 lbs (6.98 kg) gamma only lbs (7.2 kg) gamma/neutron. Internal Battery 2 Rechargeable Lithium Ion. 98 Wh each, nominal. Over 8 hours of battery life at 25 C when HPGe detector is cold. <4 hour time to charge. Internal battery is easily swapped. External Battery Battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of optional external battery packs. An external military battery (Model 2590) weighs less than 3.25 lbs and extends lifetime to >16 hrs. Input Power 12 to 17 V DC from battery or DC power supply (universal mains supply included). Power Usage Highest during cool down and charging battery: <100 Watt. Cold with fully charged battery <35 W. Operation Range Temperature: 20 C to 50 C. Relative Humidity: 95% non-condensing. Instrument Enclosure IP65 Sealed against ingress of dust and water. All perforations are sealed by rubber plugs (connectors, memory cards, etc.). 7

8 Detective X Communication Software The Detective X is a member of the ORTEC CONNECTIONS family. Remote MCA control, even over a network, is achieved simply by the use of ORTEC CONNECTIONS products such as MAESTRO MCA Emulation software. Multiple spectra may be block-transferred from the instrument controller to an external PC via the USB connection. The Detective X appears as a flash drive when connected to a laptop or PC. Exported files are in the N42 format and may be read by many programs used by Reachback teams such as CAMBIO and PeakEasy and by ORTEC software products such as MAESTRO and GammaVision. Detective X is equipped with IEEE b wireless and Bluetooth, allowing the Detective X to be used with cell phones, laptops, and remote computer systems. The Detective X is ready to use with MFK software, ORTEC GammaVision software, ios devices (iphone, ipad) and Android devices. Mobile MCB Server The Mobile MCB Server software application enables the Detective X to communicate wired or wirelessly with ORTEC software applications such as MAESTRO, GammaVision, and Detective-Remote. Users can develop their own applications through the use of the optional A11 tool kit. Ordering Information Model DETECTIVE-X DETECTIVE-X-N DETECTIVE-X-8 DETECTIVE-X-8-N Accessories DETECTIVE-X-ACC-BAT DETECTIVE-X-ACC-DUAL-CHGR DETECTIVE-X-ACC-VEHCHGR DETECTIVE-X-ACC-PS DETECTIVE-X-ACC-2590-CABLE DETECTIVE-X-ACC-RCFILTER DETECTIVE-X-ACC-COL-W DETECTIVE-X-ACC-COL-ST DETECTIVE-X-ACC-TRANSPORTCASE DETECTIVE-X-ACC-BLUETOOTH-HS DETECTIVE-X-ACC-16GB-USBFLASH DETECTIVE-X-NEUTRON-DETECTOR Description 3 MeV Enhanced Capability, Ultra-Light-Weight, Portable High Efficiency HPGe Identifier (Gamma only). Includes GPS, mains adapter, vehicle power cable, 16 GB mini USB flash drive, shoulder strap, Bluetooth headset and wheeled hard-sided case. 3 MeV Enhanced Capability, Ultra-Light-Weight, Portable High Efficiency HPGe Identifier (Gamma and Neutron). Includes GPS, mains adapter, vehicle power cable, 16 GB mini USB flash drive, shoulder strap, Bluetooth headset and wheeled hard-sided case. 8 MeV Enhanced Capability, Ultra-Light-Weight, Portable High Efficiency HPGe Identifier (Gamma only). Includes GPS, mains adapter, vehicle power cable, 16 GB mini USB flash drive, shoulder strap, Bluetooth headset and wheeled hard-sided case. 8 MeV Enhanced Capability, Ultra-Light-Weight, Portable High Efficiency HPGe Identifier (Gamma and neutron). Includes GPS, mains adapter, vehicle power cable, 16 GB mini USB flash drive, shoulder strap, Bluetooth headset and wheeled hard-sided case. Lithium-Ion Battery. Standalone dual battery charger and calibrator. Vehicle powered adapter cable. Universal AC mains power supply. Battery Cable for connection to Military 2590 battery. Low Energy Gamma Filter. Tungsten Collimator 4 mm thick. Steel Collimator 4 mm thick. Wheeled Transport Case. Bluetooth Headset. 16 GB USB Mini Flash Drive. Li 6 /ZnS Neutron Detector. Specifications subject to change

9 Micro-Detective-HX Enhanced Capability, Ultra-Light, High-Fidelity Hand-Held Radioisotope Identifier

10 Micro-Detective-HX Wireless Remote Monitoring Remotely control and monitor from a central location. Portable Light weight, long battery life, one-hand operation with GPS location. Simple to Operate Touchscreen or push button with audible and visual alarm indicators. Rugged High or low temperatures, water proof, dust proof and drop hardened. Superior Algorithms Low false alarm rates, more than 150 nuclide IDs and superior SNM search. Gamma and Neutron Detection Identification, dose rate and count rate. Detects and Identifies x-rays and gamma rays from radioactive sources in any form (solid, liquid, or gas) Auto Calibration Continuous real-time detector stabilization. Detective-Remote Compatible Use as a mobile, transportable or choke point monitor. Micro-Detective-HX is the latest development of high purity germanium (HPGe) based hand-held radioisotope identifiers RID s. The -HX is a commercially available version hand-held that includes additional features carried out under contract with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 1 The Micro-Detective-HX Features 40% lighter than industry-leading ORTEC Detective-EX. 50% reduction in overall size. Simple to operate: Bright, clear, SUNLIGHT READABLE display, touch sensitive screen, and intuitive menus. Rugged: Enclosure, display, and all perforations are sealed against moisture and dust. Built in neutron detector. Built in GPS. Removable data storage SD card. WiFi wireless communications. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Plus the latest improvements Operating time of up to 5 hours on a single battery. Snap-open battery door for rapid battery exchange with minimal down-time. New improved, silent running, low-power cryocooler. 1 The contract was awarded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) under the Human Portable Radiation Detection System (HPRDS). The HPRDS program began in 2006 in order to develop next-generation hand-held devices that would bring faster and more reliable means to detecting and identifying radioactive materials. Of the five contractors initially chosen to improve and enhance their radiation identification technology, AMETEK recently was selected by DHS to continue in the HPRDS program. 2

11 Micro-Detective-HX Hardware The Micro-Detective-HX features compact, light weight and rugged hardware. A 50 mm diameter HPGe crystal in a hardened cryostat is cooled by an integrated low-power Stirling-cycle cryocooler. The latest version Micro-Detective-HX features a new cooler, offering reduced levels of accoustic noise and vibration, and longer operation life. The hardened cryostat is entirely free of conventional molecular sieve, allowing the instrument to be turned off or on at any point in the detector cool down or warm up cycle without risk. This is impossible with conventional HPGe cryostat systems which require careful temperature cycling procedures to avoid damage. A built-in digital MCA system and powerful data processor are included. All models feature the same bright and clear VGA resolution display, readable in direct sunlight, with a touch sensitive operator screen. Menu navigation is highly intuitive. The radionuclide gamma-ray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) like a conventional multichannel analyzer. Gamma and neutron count rate and gamma dose rate are displayed continuously both numerically and in bar graph form. In the latest version, the Micro-Detective-HX internal battery provides enough power for up to 5 hours of operation and is easily replaced in seconds, allowing continuous in-field operation. At just under 16 lbs. in weight, the Micro-Detective sets a world record for portable, high resolution nuclide identifiers, by a wide margin. The snap-open battery compartment makes battery changing simple. Exclusive to the -HX One-handed control of instrument through two handle-mounted buttons, or though touchscreen. Visual Alarms: LEDs provide clear and simple indication of nuclide type: threat, innocent or suspect, plus error indication. Vibrating alarm built into handle. 3-level auditory alarms can be routed through headphones. -HX Software Approach HPGe is already acknowledged as the perfect detector for a radioisotope identifier. It has ~40 times better energy resolution (selectivity) than the nearest alternative. Unlike lower-resolution Desktop battery charger (MICRO-DET-ACC-CHGR). Recharges battery (MICRO-DET-ACC-BAT) in 4 hours. detector types, HPGe crystals must operate at cryogenic temperatures an engineering issue ORTEC solved 25 years ago. Several hundred Detective family instruments in the field attest to the reliability of today s miniature Stirling cycle coolers used for this purpose. Beyond the intrinsic selectivity of the HPGe detector type, the ultimate performance in terms of its fidelity of identification (zero false positives or false negatives is the goal) depends on the software algorithms. Its practicality in use depends on reliable hardware and a user interface which is easy to learn and interpret. The Micro-Detective-HX performance has been enhanced with the introduction of the new Detective-Pro user interface. Further reductions in both false positive and false negative results have been achieved, combined with a new design user interface and new modes of operation. The Detective-Pro User Interface is Clear. Simple and intuitive. Informative. Based on simple-to-use hardware, even with one gloved hand. 3

12 Micro-Detective-HX The Micro-Detective-HX in Use: Overview From the hardware standpoint the user interface comprises: Two buttons on the front of the handle, Navigate (N) and Select (S), with which all survey and sampling operations can be performed. A high-resolution, sunlight readable, color touchscreen provides an alternative way to choose menu options and enter data such as passwords and alarm limits. Audio-visual feedback: Menus are designed to be operated with N and S buttons only, but if preferred, the touchscreen is always available. On-screen help messages display radiation and system error alarms. The messages tell the user what the next press of the N and S buttons will do. An audio alarm with three volume settings can be used with headphones and a vibration alarm is provided in the handle. Either, both, or neither can be enabled. A 4-LED panel is used to further inform the operator of alarm conditions. Color coding of the LEDs and screen borders match in order to make the instrument as intuitive as possible: red for threat, yellow for suspect and green for innocent. Indicators at the top of the screen show the current dose rate in mrem/hr, the number of spectra that can be stored on the SD card, GPS co-ordinates, the power source (external power or battery), battery time remaining, and the on/off state of the audio and vibration alerts. The storage-space and battery-time-remaining readouts alternate every few seconds. When radiation is detected and identified, the identification is posted to the real-time identification area of the screen. This area lists the names of any radioisotopes currently being detected and their classification as a threat (T), suspect (S), or innocent (I). It can also optionally show whether the identification is at high (H) or low (L) confidence. 2 Display and Control Buttons. Radiation Alarm. Contextual Messages Give Function of the S and N Buttons. Alarm LED Indicator. Indicators at Top of Screen. 2 Note the only suspect alarm in standard sampling mode is Elevated radiation or beta. This indicates the gamma count rate is higher than can be accounted for based on the peaks in the - HX library. The implication is that either an unexpected nuclide or a beta emitter is present. Real-Time Identification Area. Neutron Alarm. 4

13 Micro-Detective-HX The Micro-Detective-HX in Use: Modes of Operation How the -HX Collects and Analyzes Data A flexible approach to minimize time and maximize effectiveness. Continuous running and fixed time modes with end survey summary. Maximum flexibility, maximum sensitivity. Adaptable to the chosen CONOPS design. The -HX monitors for radiation at all times. It collects one spectrum per second, then begins analyzing a rolling window of the eight most recent 1-second spectra for radioisotope identification and alarms. Home or Passive Monitor mode is the simplest form of operation. In this mode, the -HX is continuously looking, but not storing data. In Detect or Survey mode, the instrument stores the 1-second data slices and attempts to make an ID based on the 8-second rolling windows. Optional Long Samples or Fixed Samples, performed during the Detect mode survey, add longer spectrum acquisitions to the data stream of 8-second rolling-window analyses. The End Survey Report is a cumulative analysis of all 1-second data slices in the survey, providing increased detection sensitivity for weak or distant sources. Modes of Operation: Home (Passive Monitor) Mode: Always Looking In Home (Passive Monitor) mode, the instrument is continuously looking but not storing data. Gamma dose-rate, battery life, storage space, and GPS co-ordinates are displayed. In this mode, the -HX acts like a survey meter in that if it is moved away from the source, the ID will be removed from the screen. However, any alarm posted persists and must be acknowledged (cleared). Data is gathered and processed in 1-second time slices. The -HX analyzes an 8-second rolling window of these slices and attempts to make an ID. Nuclide IDs are posted to the Real Time ID area. Home (Passive Monitor Mode), Innocent Cs-137 (Green Color Code). Modes of Operation: Detect Mode (The Survey Concept) Detect mode is used to better locate and identify sources. A Survey always begins with a Detect mode measurement, and can include Long and Fixed Sample mode (see below) operations also. The -HX can be set to automatically start a survey immediately after it is removed from charge or a survey may be started manually. 1-second data slices are saved to an ICD1/ICD2 file pair (see specification section) on the removable SD card. As in the Passive Monitor mode, the -HX attempts to make an ID based on an 8-second rolling window. At the upper part of the screen, the color-coded strip chart records Signal Index (cumulative activity of ALL nuclides identified). The chart peaks at the location of greatest activity. The lower chart shows the Threat Material Index similar to the Signal Index, but for threat material only. To the right of each strip chart, a vertical bar and numeric value is used to show the current value of the signal and threat indices. If appropriate to the measurement, alarm IDs are displayed in the Real Time ID area and must be acknowledged. Detect Mode. Threat Am-241 (Red Color Code) 5

14 Micro-Detective-HX Modes of Operation: Long and Fixed Sample Modes During a Survey, in the Detect mode measurement, a source may have been located and closer scrutiny desired. Long or Fixed Sample modes may be used to achieve this. In Long Sample mode, a single spectrum is acquired for 30 or more seconds and analyzed once per second for alarms. Fixed Samples are treated similarly but have preset durations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 120, or 300 seconds. In Long Sample mode, the live spectral display can be viewed. Long and Fixed Sample spectra and analyses are saved in the ICD1/ICD2 file pair for the Survey, along with the rolling-window and cumulative-analysis data. End Survey Report A Survey is started manually or automatically, as described above. Apart from the Detect mode operation, a survey may include either single or multiple long or fixed sample mode measurements. When a Survey is terminated by the operator, an End Survey summary report is displayed containing the following: Any alarms derived from the 8-second rolling window mode of operation which starts every survey, Any alarms derived from an analysis of a cumulative spectrum representing the summation of all the 1-second slices gathered during the survey, thereby attempting to ID any low intensity components which the rolling window analysis might have missed; the cumulative spectrum and analysis data are added to the ICD1/ICD2 file pair for the survey. Any alarms derived from those Long and Fixed Sample measurements included in the survey. Long Sample Mode with Selectable Spectral Display. Modes of Operation: HX-LCX Operation For the Expert The LCX mode is Low Confidence Expert mode. This mode is password protected, and displays threat alarms and identifications at an approximately 30% lower confidence level than normal. This results in more hits on suspected threat nuclides, and is recommended for use by experienced personnel. Normal mode operation, in contrast, would either not post a threat alarm because the confidence level is too low, or would simply post an elevated radiation or beta alarm rather than listing a specific radionuclide. The -HX and Background Radiation No more NORM alarms LCX Mode Real Time ID Area Suspect Identification. The -HX can distinguish between radioactive materials in the environment and the sample, so it does not indicate the presence of activity which is actually due to background. It does this by making periodic background measurements according to a schedule. A user with password access can choose the number of days between required background checks. If the required background update is not performed, the -HX permits unlimited passive monitoring but will not enter Survey Mode. However, even with an expired background, the -HX provides proper, real-time identifications of SNM, RDD, and other threats. 6

15 Micro-Detective-HX The -HX and Digital Stabilization Making the best of it Although a digital germanium spectrometer is a highly stable instrument, even with varying temperatures, the -HX is designed for use in conditions that could be considered extreme (which certainly are not recommended but, within the specified mechanical and environmental limits, are not a barrier to correct operation). An automatic gain stabilizer system locks onto the natural background K-40 peak (if present) to ensure perfect calibration is maintained even in conditions of harsh handling. The stabilizer is smart. If either the K-40 is determined as being absent, or if a potential gamma-ray interference with the K-40 peak is determined to be present, the stabilizer will be held at a constant setting. The -HX Nuclide Library The Micro-Detective-HX has a very comprehensive nuclide list. A subset of the entire nuclide library is the default Threat Isotopes ; these are marked in RED in the table. The advanced user is able to add any of the nuclides marked in GREEN in Table 1 to the list of red-marked threat isotopes. The color coding in the table shows the default background screen colors and visual alarms the instrument will present when these nuclides are encountered. The YELLOW suspect alarm will be posted on the basis of excessive gamma count rate not consistent with the identified nuclides, in other words, either unknown nuclides are present or a beta emitter is present. Table 1. -HX Nuclide Library. HEU Enriched Uranium U-235 Pu-239 Np-237 U-233 Neutron CR (xx.x cps) Neutrons Present U-238 U-232 U-232/Th-232 Am-241 Am-241 (Shielded) Am-241 (59.5 kev) Ac-225 Ac-227 Ag-110m Ar-41 As-72 As-74 At-211 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Bi-207 Bi-212 (Th232/U232 daughter) Bi-214 (Ra226 daughter) Br-76 Br-76 (shielded) Br-76 (heavily shielded) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-109 Cd-115 Ce-139 Ce-141 Ce-144 Cf-252/Cf-249 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-56 Co-56 (shielded) Co-55 Co-57 Co-58 Co-60 Cr-51 Cs-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Cu-64 Cu-67/Ga-67 Eu-152 Eu-154 Eu-155 Eu-156 Fe-18 Neutrons on Fe Fe-59 Elevated radiation or beta emitter Ga-64 Ga-64 (shielded) Ga-67 Ga-67 (shielded) Ge-68/Ga-68 Gd-153 Gd-159 Hf-181 Hg-203 Ho-166m Ho-166m (shielded) Ho-166 I-123 I-123 (shielded) I-124 I-125 I-126 I-126 (shielded) I-131 I-131 (shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 In-111 Ir-192 Ir-192 (shielded) Os-194/Ir-194 Ir-194 (shielded) K-40 Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (shielded) La-140 Lu-172 Lu-176 Lu-177 Lu-177m Mn-52 Mn-54 Mn-56 Mo-99 Na-22 Na-24 Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nb-96 (shielded) Nd-147 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pd-103 Rh-105 Ru-97 Ru-106/Rh-106 Po-210 Pr-144 Ra-223 Ra-226 Ru-103 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sc-46 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Sn-113 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-85 Sr-89 Sr-90/Sr-89/Y-90 Ta-182 Tc-96 Tc-99m Te-132 Tl-201 Tl-200 Tl-202 Tl-204 Th-229 Th-230 Th-232 Tm-170 Tm-171 W-188/Re-188 Xe-127 Xe-133 Xe-131m Xe-135 Y-88 Y-91 Yb-169 Zn-65 Zn-62 Zr-95 7

16 Micro-Detective-HX Micro-Detective-HX Offline Analysis Program Views the spectral contents of -HX data files, real time and live time for each spectrum contained in each, radioactive sources identified (if any), and alarm types associated with each identification. Reanalyzes the data set with different nuclide libraries. Exports all spectra in an -HX file to a set of ORTEC.CHN format spectrum files. The.CHN files can then be viewed and analyzed in more detail with ORTEC applications such as the GammaVision Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis and MCA Emulator. The Micro Detective-HX Offline Analysis Program is a utility supplied with every instrument. It is run on a PC and provides extended functionality for use post-analysis. The key features of the program are listed below. 1 Toolbar Click to issue the main program commands. 2 File Information Section Displays the name of the ICD1/ICD2 file pair currently open; its Location; and the instrument with which it was acquired, including the firmware version and the unit serial number (ID). 3 Spectra List Lists all the component spectra in the current ICD1/ICD2 file pair, including the background spectrum, any 8-second rolling window Detect Mode spectra, any Long or Fixed Sample spectra, and the final cumulative spectrum. 4 Export Button Exports all the component spectra in the current ICD1/ICD2 file pair to a set of ORTEC.CHN format spectrum files. 5 Analysis Results Section Lists the nuclides found (if any), including the threat type (innocent, suspect, or threat), dose rate in mrem/hr, and confidence level (H high or L low). In conjunction with this list, the three simulated LED readouts light according to the innocent (green), suspect (yellow), and/or red (threat) nuclides identified. 6 Spectrum Window A full-scale display (0 to 8191 channels) of the currently selected spectrum, in counts per channel, with logarithmic vertical scaling. This window includes a vertical marker line which can be moved with the mouse. 7 Marker Information Line Shows the energy, in kev, and counts per channel for the current marker position

17 Micro-Detective-HX Micro-Detective-HX Technical Specifications Dose Rate Visual over range indication and continuous audible alarm, user settable. Over-ride alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/hr. Internal HPGe Detector P-type high-purity germanium. Coaxial construction. Crystal Nominal Dimensions 50 mm diameter x 33 mm (±10%) length. Cryostat and Cooler Hardened cryostat, with high-reliability, low-power Stirling cooler. The cryostat design is such that the Micro-Detective-HX may be switched off at any time and power subsequently re-applied, without having to wait for a full thermal cycle (full warm up before cool down), as is normal practice with a HPGe detector system. This feature greatly increases system availability during measurement campaigns. Gamma Dose Rate Detector Two detectors determine the gamma dose rate over a wide range from <0.05 µsv/h to >10000 µsv/h, a dose-rate range of around six decades. For low dose rates, below ~20 µsv/h, the dose rate is determined from the Ge detector spectrum. For dose rates above this value, the internal compensated GM tube is used. Instrument switches between the two automatically. Dose Rate Uncertainty <( 50% to +100%); continuous audible alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/h (fixed maximum threshold), user settable threshold below this. Internal Neutron Detector Module Single tube: 4" active length, 0.5" diameter. High density Polyethylene moderator. Digital MCA and Data Processor Display VGA 640 x 480 TFT sunlight readable, touch sensitive, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor Marvel 806 MHz XScale. Data Storage Media To internal RAM and removable SD card. Storage Scheme In passive monitor mode, no data files are saved. In Survey mode and Long and Fixed sample mode, ICD1 and ICD2 files are stored. File Format DNDO ICD format (similar to ANSI N42.42) for data and results. These files may be read, reanalyzed and exported to the Micro-Detective-HX Offline Analysis Program, which is included with the instrument. Exported files are in the well known ORTEC.CHN format and may be read by many programs used by Reachback teams such as CAMBIO and by ORTEC products such as MAESTRO and GammaVision. Computer Interfacing USB connection to laptop. Data transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Wi-Fi (802.11) communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. GPS Internal NMEA compliant WAAS capable. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data Digital Noise Suppression "LFR Filter" ORTEC Patent Pending. Conversion Gain 8k channel. Maximum Number of Stored Spectra Unlimited on removable media. Maximum Overall Dimensions (including handle, Ge detector endcap and shock absorbers) 14.7 in L x 5.75 in W x 11 in H (37.4 cm L x 14.6 cm W x 27.9 cm H). Weight 16 lbs (7.25 kg). Internal Battery Lithium Ion V, 6.2 Ah, 89 Wh, nominal. Up to 5 hours of battery life at 25 C when HPGe detector is cold. <4 hour time to charge. Internal battery is easily swapped through removal of snap shut battery door. External Battery Battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of external battery packs. DETECTIVE-OPT-15 is recommended, weighs less than 3.25 lbs and extends lifetime to >10 hrs. Input Power 10 to 17 V DC from battery or DC power supply (universal mains supply included). Battery charger circuit is inside instrument. Power Usage Strongest during cool down: <100 Watt. While charging Battery: 5A nominal. Cold with fully charged battery <2A. External Power DC Input and battery Charge Input. 2.5 mm coaxial connector with locking screw on collar. Temperature Operation Range: 10 C to 40 C. Relative Humidity: <90% at 35 C, non-condensing. Instrument Enclosure Sealed against ingress of dust and water. All perforations are sealed by rubber plugs (connectors, memory cards, etc.). Instrument is not designed to tolerate immersion. External Connectivity to System 1 SD (Secure Digital) card slot (3.3 V). 1 USB connection for "ActiveSync" capability or MCA operation with external computer (ActiveSync and remote display software included). Wi-Fi communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software 1 Audio headphone jack. Cool Down Time The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between making measurements the unit is powered from a DC supply, car battery or other high capacity device. Initial cool down time depends on ambient temperature, but is typically <12 hours at 25 C. 9

18 Micro-Detective-HX Communication Software The Micro-Detective-HX is a member of the ORTEC CONNECTIONS family. Remote MCA control and individual spectrum download, even over a network, is achieved simply, by the use of ORTEC CONNECTIONS products such as MAESTRO MCA Emulation software. Multiple spectra may be block-transferred from the instrument controller to external PCs by the use of Microsoft ActiveSync. Third party products such as SOTI Pocket Controller Enterprise may be used to implement the wireless feature to provide remote wireless control of the complete Micro-Detective-HX. Mobile MCB Server The Mobile MCB Server software application enables any ORTEC portable instrument installed with a PDA to communicate wirelessly with ORTEC software applications such as MAESTRO, GammaVision, and Detective-Remote. The Mobile MCB Server acts like a wireless version of the USB connection, allowing users to control and monitor any portable spectrometer through a wireless network. Users can develop their own applications through the use of the optional A11 tool kit. 10

19 Micro-Detective-HX Ordering Information Model MICRO-DETECTIVE-HX MICRO-DET-HX-PKG-1 MICRO-DET-OPT-1 DETECTIVE-OPT-15 MICRO-DET-ACC-BAT MICRO-DET-ACC-CHGR Description Light-Weight, Portable HPGe Identifier (Gamma and Neutron). Includes GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, softside carry case and Microsoft ActiveSync software. Includes MICRO-DETECTIVE-HX Light-Weight, Portable HPGe Identifier (Gamma and Neutron), GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, Microsoft ActiveSync software, MAESTRO software, and hardside wheeled transport case. Rugged, waterproof, wheeled transport case. Ultra battery extender. Lithium-ion battery. Standalone battery charger and calibrator kit. Further battery charging and upgrade options are available. Note: This brochure relates to instruments with the following revision levels: Micro-Detective-HX Rev. N or later 11

20 Fission Meter Portable Neutron Source Identification System Another hugely significant new tool from ORTEC for the interdiction of fissionable material.

21 Fission Meter Proof Positive identification of fission neutron sources, through multiplicity analysis. Ultra-low level false positive and negative rates, even in the presence of high neutron background. Immune to cosmic background fluctuations. Highest sensitivity in a portable package. Easy to operate. The detection of illicit radioactive material is highly important in homeland security applications worldwide. There is great concern about Radioactive Dispersal Devices (RDDs), but the destructive power of these terrorist weapons is small compared to that of a nuclear explosion produced by an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) or state-built nuclear weapon. Even a crude nuclear device could have an explosive power equivalent to 250 Kilotons of TNT. A nuclear explosion requires the presence of so-called Special Nuclear Material (SNM), that is, Uranium or Plutonium. The major technical challenge is to detect and identify SNM rapidly and with certainty. The most common approach to the detection of RDD or IND devices is through their gammaray signatures. However, heavy metal shielding may ultimately defeat such methods. The Fission Meter aids the interdiction of illicit trafficking by augmentation of gamma-ray identification with a neutron detector of very high sensitivity which, in addition, can specifically identify fission neutron sources by the inherent characteristics of the decay process. Gamma-rays are 100 times more abundant than neutrons so the gamma-ray nuclide identifier such as the ORTEC Detective* will always be first choice, providing the easiest way of source location. Identification, not simply detection, of gamma-rays and neutrons is required; both exist in normal background and their signatures may be similar to those of illicit nuclear material. Circumstances arise where reliance on a gamma-ray detector alone comes into question; the package may be large enough to contain significant shielding, or the gamma-ray background may be seen to drop when measuring a particular package-indicating heavy shielding. The hand-held identifier s neutron detector may show an elevated neutron count rate, or the gamma-ray spectrum may see evidence of gamma-rays from neutron reactions. Many neutron detectors exist but all other neutron detectors which might be used in the field, are limited to basic counting. They can register the presence of neutrons, but nothing else. What is needed is a way to check a package or the environment for the existence of neutron sources beyond what would be expected from background. The most challenging interdiction situation, for which the Fission Meter is designed, is the case where the neutron count rate is between average background and about ten times average background, although the instrument is capable of handling total count rates of 500,000 counts per second. These higher neutron fluxes are readily detectable with the Detective. When these neutron-radioactive packages are considered, the shipping documentation either justifies the circumstances or the package will be selected for further study. This slightly-elevated count-rate regime is challenging because legitimate, non-fissile cargo can cause up to a ten times increase in background due for example to the interaction of Cosmic rays with nearby metal such as cast iron, a process known as Spallation. Fission Meter Operational Modes Three Fission Meter operational modes are useful in these circumstances: Mobile Search, Static Search (identification), and Characterization or reach back. Mobile Search is the process where a detector is used to localize a neutron source. If a package is found, or is targeted, the Static Search mode is next used for deciding if there are shielded non-cosmic real neutron sources present. (As opposed to a high neutron background due to cosmic ray interactions.) Identification refers to the process of making a distinction between true background neutrons and non-background neutrons. Characterization data collect reach back is the process of sending the neutron data collected to a home team or specialist for more detailed multiplicity analysis. The reach back process assesses more closely the hazard associated with the found neutron source. If a source is multiplying significantly, the operator will see a signature and can respond appropriately. * 2

22 Fission Meter The Fission Meter Principle The Fission Meter is a sophisticated neutron detector. It can identify fissionable Uranium (U) and Plutonium (Pu), by evaluating the distribution in time of neutrons that are emitted spontaneously by these materials. The Fission Meter Technology is the most advanced technology available to segregate threat from non-threat neutron sources. The technology has been developed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory* and is licensed to AMETEK s Advanced Measurement Technology ORTEC Division. It is entirely complementary to the LLNL gamma-ray technology embodied in the Detective family of nuclide identifiers and in the ORTEC Detective-SPM Spectroscopic Portal Monitor. A characteristic of SNM sources is that the radioactive decay of each nucleus produces MULTIPLE neutrons, which are released as the nucleus flies apart after the so-called spontaneous fission. Detection of these neutrons, which largely pass thought heavy metal shielding, provides a second or confirmatory method to detect SNM. Cosmic-ray induced neutrons are produced by about seven different creation mechanisms that release neutrons distinctly different from fission. Everyday, a typical inspection area is bathed in a flood of cosmic-induced neutrons that vary in intensity from container-to-container or area-to-area by up to a factor of ten. This forces one to set the threshold for a moving neutron search detector to about a factor of ten higher than a local background average. The feasibility of a nuclear explosion relies on the so-called chain nuclear fission reaction. SNM is special because of its copious production of neutrons, which make fabrication of a weapon possible. The number of neutrons associated with a single nuclear fission is a statistical quantity, referred to as multiplicity, but the key factor is that it is in the range 0 7 and usually greater than unity; the neutrons released are produced by a single decay and occur in a short time window. The neutrons are said to be correlated. Correlated neutrons are an indication of both spontaneous fission and neutron multiplication, both of which are present in a weapon. However other neutron sources, such as Cf-252, emit multiple neutrons from spontaneous fission but cannot practically be used in an explosive device. To be practical for a weapon, material must emit multiple neutrons, but also these neutrons must be able to induce further fission reactions in order to produce the famous chain reaction which creates the explosion. Neutron sources are more common than is often realized. They are used in a variety of industrial applications; nondestructive testing and oil well logging being two good examples. Detection of an unexpected neutron source, therefore, is not necessarily an encounter with a potential nuclear weapon, and just as it is imperative in gamma-ray systems not to be fooled into believing kitty litter to be a weapon or RDD, (or vice versa), false negatives and positives in neutron detection represent the same problem: false positives impede commerce and traffic flows, false negatives have much worse consequences. Neither is desirable. The Influence of Cosmic and Sources of Neutron Background on Performance Gross-counting neutron detectors suffer from the limitation that neutrons detected by them in the environment are indistinguishable from those emitted by a source. The gross counting system has no means of distinguishing an SNM Neutron (correlated) from a non-snm neutron (non-correlated). Moreover, periodic cosmic ray showers produce neutron bursts which represent a substantial increase in background and cause false alarms in a gross neutron counter. These showers are also correlated, but do not cause false alarms in the Fission Meter System, because it is able to analyze the multiplicity distribution of emitted neutrons. Moreover, if there is SNM present, the cosmic ray bursts cause fission in the material thereby increasing the sensitivity of the system rather than the reverse as occurs in a gross counter. In fact, it is in principle possible to assay significant quantities of uranium passively by this means. *LLNL License TL

23 Fission Meter Fission Meter System Overview The basic components of a Fission Meter System are: Detector The detector sub-system consists of multiple moderated 7.5 atmosphere 3 He neutron detectors. The detector sub-system includes the HV supplies for the He tubes and the preamplifier/discriminator units required to achieve the pick-off of the neutron events. Electronics The electronic sub-system processes the count data from the detection system. By measurement of the relative time intervals between neutrons arriving at a detection system, the statistical distribution of the multiplicity may be built up by the electronic sub-system. The electronic coincidence system takes each neutron detected and looks in up to 512 time interval gates to record the time interval between each neutron and others in the data stream from the detector. Fission Meter hardware removed from carry bag, showing moderator side. Fission Meter Software The software application analyzes the output from the electronic sub-system to determine if it is consistent with an innocent neutron source or with uranium or plutonium. The Portable Fission Meter System: FM-P3 The portable Fission Meter System is easily carried in a vehicle and can be deployed rapidly against a suspect package or object. At 57 lbs., it is easily carried by a single individual. It comprises two panels of Moderated He detectors, hinged in the center, with integrated electronics powered by readily available D-Cell alkaline batteries. The Fission Meter software operates on an associated ruggedized hand-held computer included with the system. Fission Meter hardware showing 3 He tubes. FM-P3 Detector System The FM-P3 Detector System represents the highest neutron sensitivity of any commercially available portable neutron detection system of its type. The system includes thirty 1-inch diameter x 19-inch active length He tubes, 15 in each hinged panel. Each panel has an individual HDPE moderator. Adjacent pairs of detectors share a common preamplifier. 4

24 Fission Meter FM-P3 Electronics The portable 5-mode neutron counter, which is common to other Fission Meter models, is integrated into the FM-P3 Detector System. It has the functionality needed to support the 30 detectors in the FM-P3 Detector System and the control necessary to operate as a standalone fission meter, although conventionally it is operated in conjunction with the Fission Meter Software. LCD Displays: Neutron counts per second, battery capacity, cycle count. Push Buttons: On/Off, Start/Stop/Clear. Counting Modes Search Mode: The FM-P3 Detector System counts single neutrons with reference to a background threshold to enable the location of neutron sources. The background is usually set in a location known to be free of neutron sources before use. It can be updated automatically or manually. Analyze Mode/Multiplicity Counting: The FM-P3 Detector System gathers the neutron data and analyses for coincidences; singles, doublets, triplets, and quads up to a very high order. Neutron multiplicities in various time sub gates during each Data Acquisition Cycle are recorded. The acquisition cycle is defined as 512 time bins. This is subsequently analyzed by the system software, according to the Feynman Variance Technique. Computer Control All settings and control of the instrument may be accomplished through a standard serial port. An internal switch may be used to set the baud rate to 9600, 14.4k, 19.2k, 38.4k, 57.6k, or 115.2k. The format is 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, and two stop bits. The connector is a 9-pin Female connector that is wired such that a straight cable (not a null Modem Cable) may be used to connect the instrument to a computer. Fission Meter Controller* The Fission Meter is supplied ready for use with a controller computer. The controller computer is a rugged TDS Ranger 500X. More details are available from the TDS website ( Brief specifications include: Processor/Speed: Intel XScale 520 MHz. Memory SDRAM: ~22 MB, reserved 128 MB. Data Storage (On-board Flash): ~40 MB, reserved 512 MB. Wireless (optional): Integrated g Microsoft Windows Mobile Tactile Keys with separate navigation, alpha and numeric keypads, and 8+1 directional pad. Touchscreen Battery Life: 30 hours under normal operating conditions. Complete recharge in 4.5 hours (80% in 2 hours). Battery Charge Status LED indicator. Notification LED. Rugged polycarbonate shell. Integrated speaker and microphone. TDS Ranger 500X. *Specifications subject to change without notice. 5

25 Fission Meter Software The Fission Meter FM-P3 model is supplied with software that operates on a portable computer included with the system. This software is designed for ease of use in the interdiction application. Minimal operator entry is required. The figure on the right shows the initial startup screen. Mobile Search Mobile search is carried out in real time to locate a source. In this mode, the user may monitor total (singles) count rate above background (in std deviations) in order to locate a source. (Upper trace and barometer. ) The upper trace gives the historic values as a strip chart, while the barometer gives instantaneous values against an alarm threshold. The quantity Y2F in the lower trace and barometer is the Feynman Variance. Which is zero for a cosmic source and non-zero for a correlated source.* Static Search Once the source has been located, the system is put into position and the data is collected for a longer period, say 15 to 20 minutes in Static Search mode depending on the source strength. (If a package is already suspect, clearly the mobile search step may be skipped.) At least 30,000 counts must be obtained from the source, which typically implies a count time of at least 1000 seconds for Static Search mode. The Algorithm REQUIRES a static measurement to make the Static Search determination. By analysis of the multiplicity spectrum, using the Feynman Variance Technique, Static Search mode provides the user with a clear indication of presence of NON-COSMIC neutrons, that is neutrons due to a fissioning source. If the count rate is adequate, and the source is significantly multiplying, Static Search will indicate that this is the case. Initial Startup Screen. Mobile Search Mode. *For a reference to the Feynman Variance technique, see for example: LA-UR Reilly, D., Ensslin, N., Smith, H., Kreiner, S. (ed) "Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials" ISBN Static Search Mode. 6

26 Fission Meter Characterization Data Collect Following the determination by Static Search mode that an actual fissioning neutron source is present, this mode allows for the collection of much more data (~1 million counts) for expert analysis elsewhere.* Graphical Plots ( Graph It ) Two plots can be produced. The first is the multiplicity plot. It shows a poisson distribution, matched in mean count to the data. It is the deviation of the data which may include non-cosmics from a purely random (poisson) distribution. The second plot is the neutron lifetime which can help the detection of moderation material (e.g., polyethylene shielding). Characterization Data Collect. *Where, How and Why to Submit Fission Meter Data for Expert Resolution of Smuggling Attempts The US Department of Energy (DOE) provides "reachback" radiological incident assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Staff at the this center can arrange for further analysis of characterization data sets by DOE experts. In the first instance, the Fission Meter user should contact the DOE Emergency Operations Center (Phone (+1) ) and ask to speak with the Emergency Response Officer (ERO). The user will be placed in contact with the appropriate party within DOE to interpret the data and recommend appropriate action. The US Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) Joint Analysis Center (JAC), the Operations Support Directorate within DNDO is responsible for establishing and operating a real-time situational awareness and support capability by monitoring the status of, and collecting information from, both overseas and domestic detection systems through the Joint Analysis Center (JAC) and other programs. It is staffed with personnel from the Departments of Defense, Energy, Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The JAC facilitates the information flow on radiological detection events between the interagency and State and local authorities. 24-hour emergency Hotline: Multiplicity Plot. Neutron LIfetime Plot. 7

27 Fission Meter Specifications Ambient Operating Environment: 0 C to 40 C, at relative humidity: <90% at 35 C, non-condensing. CE Compliance: Conforms to CE standards for radiated and conducted emissions, susceptibility and low voltage power directives (EN61326). Weight Without case: 52 lbs. With case 59: lbs. Shipping: 120 lbs. Dimensions Without case Folded: 18 in. L x 4.5 in W x 26 in H Unfolded: in L x 2.25 in W x 26 in H With case Folded: 19 in L x 6.25 in W x 26.5 in H Unfolded: 39.5 in L x in W x 26.5 in H Ordering Information Model Description FM-P3 Portable Fission Meter System. Includes 30 each 3 He detectors at nominally 7.5 ATM pressure, multiplicity electronics, rugged hand-held computer (TDS Ranger), Fission Meter software and waterproof nylon carry bag for protection of the detector panels. FM-OPT1 Replacement Desiccant. Set of 8. Specifications subject to change ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website

28 ORTEC DETECTIVE-OPT-17 Configured TechniCART for Mobile Scanning A Convenient Solution to Scanning Large Areas or Containers with the ORTEC Detective Series Hand-Held Nuclide Identifiers Aids in finding the location of radiation hotspots in containers. ID at precise position. Easily Maneuverable: large diameter cushion tires. Simple to assemble/disassemble. Rugged, strong enough to support both Detective instrument and collimator option. Extension arm provides up to 85 inches of vertical reach. Users of ORTEC Detective 1 Series Hand-Held Identifiers have requested a transport cart which would allow the scanning of containers or vehicles in a consistent reproducible fashion, rather than the somewhat haphazard approach of simply hand carrying the instrument along the side of a van, car or container. The Pajarito Scientific (PSC) 2 TechniCART, with extension arm option offers an ideal answer to this need. In general, the TechniCART provides a mobile, multiuse platform for radiation detector systems that is lightweight, rugged, and ergonomically efficient. The flat-free large caster wheels permit movement through warehouse, dirt and gravel type terrain. 3 The extension arm option allows the Detective to be positioned at any height from close to the ground up to 82 inches above ground while the instrument is scanned smoothly across the object or pauses long enough to make an ID. Remote control software, wired or wireless, allows the operator to observe the instrument display during data acquisition. A pivoting platform allows the Detective to rotate at any angle to the direction of travel of the TechniCART, facilitating scanning and other measurements. TechniCART Features Transportable over multiple surfaces, no special tools required for assembly Gross capacity of 500 lbs Trays accommodate laptop, electronics and other personal equipment SOTI wireless control available 4 Engineered high performance support structure ensures personnel safety in the field Easy to clean / decontaminate Reproducible and fixed detector location Adjustable tilt and height Durable stainless steel and anodized components Adjustable width for improved stability For movement over rough terrain, the extension arm should be lowered. 4

29 DETECTIVE-OPT-17 Configured TechniCART for Mobile Scanning TechniCART Specifications Assembly Bolt together (no special tools required). Shipped fully assembled. Configuration Spring pins, hand knobs (no special tools required). Finish Powder coated frame. Stainless and anodized components. Easily cleaned or decontaminated. Wheels/Casters Easy grease fittings, foam filled flat-free. Two fixed, two swivel with brakes. Height: 10 inches (25.40 cm). Width: 3.5 inches (8.89 cm). Tilt Adjustment ±180 on pivot bearing. Ergonomic Push Handle Spring pin adjustment. Load Capacity 500 lbs (226.7 kg) gross. Dimensions Storage Length (rear wheels turned in and shelves folded down): 44 inches (112 cm). Operational Length: 57.4 inches (145 cm). Height (to top of slide mechanism hand crank): 56.2 inches (145 cm). Width: Adjustable from 24 to 36 inches (61 to 91 cm). Equipment Mounting Plate Adjustment Height Without Arm Extension: 7 to 43 inches from ground level (17.78 to cm). With Arm Extension: Up to 82 inches Ordering Information 18.0 Model Description DET-OPT-17 PSC TechniCART configured for use with ORTEC Detective-EX or Detective-DX. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT. DET-100-OPT-17 PSC TechniCART configured for use with ORTEC Detective-EX-100, Detective-DX-100, or trans-spec-dx-100. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT-100. MICRO-DET-OPT-17 PSC TechniCART configured for use with ORTEC Micro-Detective or Micro-trans-SPEC. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT-MICRO. Options ISO-ADAPT Mounting Adapter for Detective-EX or Detective-DX ISO-ADAPT-100 Mounting Adapter for Detective-EX-100, Detective-DX-100, or trans-spec-dx-100 ISO-ADAPT-MICRO Mounting Adaptor for Micro-Detective or Micro-trans-SPEC TSP-ISO-SHLD-3 Lead Shield, 3" long x 2" thick. Provides 0.5" collimation. For use with Detective-EX-100, Detective-DX-100, or trans-spec-dx-100. TSP-ISO-SHLD-2 Lead Shield, 2" long x 2" thick. For additional collimation with TSP-ISO-SHLD-3. TSP-ISO-SHLD-1 Lead Shield, 1" long x 2" thick. For additional collimation with TSP-ISO-SHLD-3 and TSP-ISO-SHLD-2. TSP-ISO-DCC Carrier slide and plate and mounting adapter for Detective-EX-100, Detective-DX-100, or trans-spec-dx-100 and TSP-ISO-SHLD. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

30 ORTEC DETECTIVE-OPT-15 Ultra Battery Life Extender Ultra Battery Life Extender Option for All Detective, trans-spec, and IDM-200 Models Increases operating time by approximately 2x. Light-weight waist pouch configuration weighs only about three pounds. Hot Swappable for even longer field use. Includes battery-to-instrument cables for all Detective, trans-spec and IDM-200 instruments. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-15 Includes battery, charger, cables for all Detective, trans-spec, and IDM-200 models, mains power supply with universal plug set, and waist pouch Spare battery. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

31 ORTEC Micro-Detective and Micro-trans-SPEC Spare Assemblies and Accessories Shoulder Strap. Attaches to instrument for ease of carrying. One strap included with instrument. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-8 Shoulder Strap Ultra Battery Extender with charger. Powers instrument, thereby HOLDING current state of charge of internal battery. Does NOT recharge Internal Battery. Battery life >8 hours. Hot swappable. Includes US, UK, and Euro power cords and instrument connection cables for Detectives and Micro-Detective. Weight ~3 lb. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-15 Ultra Battery Extender. Configured TechniCART for Mobile Scanning. Model MICRO-DET-OPT-17 Description PSC TechniCART configured for use with ORTEC Micro-Detective or Micro-trans-SPEC. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT-MICRO. Optional Collimators. Model MICRO-DET-COL-ST MICRO-DET-COL-W Description Steel Collimator Tungsten Collimator Wheeled Transport Case. Model MICRO-DET-OPT-1 Description Wheeled Transport Case. Dimensions (including handles and wheels), 21" W x 31" L x 12 H".

32 ORTEC Detective-EX/DX and -100 Models Spare Assemblies and Accessories Bescor Battery Belt, with BCQ12 2 Amp charger. Powers instrument, thereby HOLDING current state of charge of internal battery. Does NOT recharge Internal Battery. Model Description PRB12, 12 Ah Battery (lasts for ~5 hrs). Weight ~8.5 lb. DETECTIVE-OPT-1-US Charger with US Power Cord. DETECTIVE-OPT-1-UK Charger with UK Power Cord. DETECTIVE-OPT-1-EU Charger with Euro Power Cord. PRB18, 18 Ah Battery (lasts for ~8 hrs). Weight ~12 lb. DETECTIVE-OPT-2-US Charger with US Power Cord. DETECTIVE-OPT-2-UK Charger with UK Power Cord. DETECTIVE-OPT-2-EU Charger with Euro Power Cord. Automobile Power Adapter to Docking Station. Powers and charges instrument through docking station only. One cable included with Docking Station. Model DETECTIVE-OPT-3 Description Automobile Power Adapter to 4-pin Docking Station cable. Docking Station AC Power Supply. 110/220 V 50/60 Hz input. One power supply included with Docking Station. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-4 8-pin Docking Station AC power supply DETECTIVE-OPT-4B 4-pin Docking Station AC power supply Replacement Battery. For replacement of battery supplied with instrument when it has reached end of life (~3 yrs). Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-7 Replacement Battery Shoulder Strap. Attaches to instrument for ease of carrying. One strap included with instrument. Model DETECTIVE-OPT-8 Description Shoulder Strap Universal Protective Plastic Cover for instrument. Package of 5. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-11 Universal Protective Plastic Cover

33 Detective-EX/DX and -100 Models Spare Assemblies and Accessories Automobile Power Adapter to Instrument or AC/DC Power Adapter/Charger. Powers instrument directly or powers and charges instrument through Power Adapter/Charger. One cable included with instrument. Model DETECTIVE-OPT-12 Description Automobile Power Adapter to Instrument or AC/DC Power Adapter/Charger cable AC/DC Power Adapter/Charger (PAC-II). Compact version of Docking Station, designed for convenient travel. Charges instrument battery and holds ready, charged for constant availability. Single cable output to instrument. Input from automobile or mains power using separate cables. Charging circuitry is internal. Does not include calibration check source which must be user-supplied if required, and does not provide forced air cooling to assist initial cooldown in high ambient temperatures. This does not affect use in high ambient temperature, but may affect initial cooldown of instrument. One PAC-II included with -PAC instrument model number. Dimensions 9.88 L x 7.48 W x 2.84 H, weight 3.55 lb. Model DETECTIVE-OPT-13 Description AC/DC Power Adapter/Charger M1 Tripod. Model M1-T2-100-VERT Description Variable length tripod and mounting hardware. Ultra Battery Extender with charger. Powers instrument, thereby HOLDING current state of charge of internal battery. Does NOT recharge Internal Battery. Battery life >8 hours. Hot swappable. Weight ~3 lb. Model Description DETECTIVE-OPT-15 Ultra Battery Extender.

34 Detective-EX/DX and -100 Models Spare Assemblies and Accessories Docking Station II. Includes calibration check source and AC power supply. Cooling fans assist initial cool down from ambient temperature. Charging circuitry is internal to docking station. Docking station charges instrument battery and holds ready, charged and calibrated for instant availability. Single cable output to instrument. Input from automobile or mains power from separate cable assemblies. One docking station included with instrument. Model DETECTIVE-OPT-16 Description Docking Station II Note on Calibration Check Source The calibration check source is internal to the docking station. It comprises a solid, sealed, ~0.25-µCi (9250-Bq) 137 Cs calibration source housed in the source holder on the front of the docking station. This source is exempt under U.S. and European regulations and is only supplied pre-installed by ORTEC (not separately). It is not recommended that it be removed, and ORTEC will not accept any responsibility for its removal. If this source is NOT required with the instrument because of local issues, this must be stated at time of order. THE SOURCE CANNOT BE SUPPLIED SEPARATE FROM THE DOCKING STATION. Configured TechniCART for Mobile Scanning. Model DET-OPT-17 DET-100-OPT-17 Description PSC TechniCART configured for use with Detective-EX/DX. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT. PSC TechniCART configured for use with 100 models. Includes ISO-DCC carrier slide and plate and ISO-ADAPT-100. Mounting Adapter for ISO-CART or TechniCART. Allows secure and easy attachment of instrument to ORTEC ISO-CART or PSC TechniCART. Model ISO-ADAPT ISO-ADAPT-100 Description Mounting Adapter (screws and bar) for Detective-EX/DX Mounting Adapter (screws and bar) for 100 models Carrier Slide and Plate and Mounting Adapter for use on ISO-CART or TechniCART with TSP-ISO-SHLD. Includes screws and bar for 100 models. Model TSP-ISO-DCC Description Carrier Slide and Plate and Mounting Adapter

35 Detective-EX/DX and -100T Models Spare Assemblies and Accessories Lead Shield for use on ISO-CART or TechniCART with 100 models. Model Description TSP-ISO-SHLD-3 3 long x 2 thick. Provides 0.5 collimation. TSP-ISO-SHLD-2 2 long x 2 thick. For additional collimation with TSP-ISO-SHLD-3. Optional Collimators and Filters. Model Description DET-COL-ST Steel Collimator, 4 mm thick DET-COL-W Tungsten Collimator, 4 mm thick DET-OPT-18 Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Filter DET-100-COL-ST DET-100-COL-W DET-100-OPT-18 Steel Collimator, 4 mm thick Tungsten Collimator, 4 mm thick Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Filter Stylus Pen Model Description Stylus Pen Wheeled Transport Case. Model DETECTIVE-EX-OPT-2 DETECTIVE-EX-OPT-3 Description Large Wheeled Transport Case for instrument and Docking Station. Dimensions (including handles and wheels), 21" W x 31" L x 12 H". Compact Wheeled Transport Case for instrument and ac/dc power adapter/charger. Dimensions (including handles and wheels), 19.5" W x 25" L x 11.5 H". ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

36 Detective-200 Ruggedized, Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Transportable HPGe Radionuclide Identification System TM No other radiation instrument has more standoff nuclide identification performance in a small rugged package.

37 Detective-200 TM Latest addition to the ORTEC Detective nuclide identifier family. Greatly increased sensitivity, (3x more sensitive than Detective and Micro-Detective models). Much faster to identify. More rugged, compact, IP67 standard stackable package. Gold Standard identification performance. Detective-Remote software package; easy integration of multiple Detective-200s into highly sensitive systems, for use in a variety of security situations: On the ocean (maritime interdiction at sea) On land (vehicle mounted search) In the air (aerial search) Static applications on highways, public events, incident triage The high flexibility of the many possible configurations allows matched response to changing security needs. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Introduction Detective-200 is the latest addition to the ORTEC Detective product family, whose members already represent the Gold Standard of gamma-ray-emitting radionuclide identifiers, and are deployed to prevent the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials by security authorities globally. With the arrival of the Detective-200, the range of applicability of these instruments is greatly broadened by increased sensitivity and ruggedness. Key features and benefits include: Large Area HPGe Detector (~5675 sq mm) gives definitive identification of illicit nuclear materials (SNM) in seconds. 10 times faster to identify HEU than a "conventional" NaI based identifier. Built-in removable 120 collimator reduces background interference in field of view. IP67 waterproof, dustproof, and shock resistant packaging. It actually floats in water. Detective-200 in Wide Area Search applications (Land and Air) In these non-maritime applications, Detective-200s are easily installed into unmodified vehicles, cars, vans, and aircraft for mobile detection applications at higher speeds and larger distances. Additional Detective-200s are easily added into the system for increased sensitivity. The data can be combined by the Detective-Remote software utility. Multiple Detective-200s are easily stacked vertically. In another class of application the instrument system is stationary and the potential source is moving, such as traffic choke point monitors (toll booths, bridges, tunnels), monitoring entry to a public event, monitoring road traffic or ships passing beneath a bridge structure. The measurement is essentially the same. The configurability of the Detective-200 solution in both mobile and static applications is a practical benefit which cannot be over-emphasized as requirements constantly change. 2

38 Detective-200 TM Detective-200 in Maritime applications Slow Pass Materials interdiction Detective-200 is very well suited for mounting on naval vessels. The IP67 packaging is immune to salt spray. The tough fold-flat handles make it easy to lift and mount aboard a vessel, or transport from vessel to vessel. A ship-borne Detective-200 system consisting of one or more instruments, controlled through wired or wireless networking via Detective-Remote, is capable of reliably detecting illicit materials on a nearby vessel in a slow sail by measurement. Figure 1 shows an example of sensitivity for unshielded HEU at representative speeds and distances for multiple units of Detective-200s. Choke Point Monitoring Because of the lack of 100% coverage with fixed traffic portal monitors, it is desirable to be able to quickly setup and configure temporary or "ad-hoc" portal systems capable of monitoring for nuclear devices, dirty bombs, or contaminated materials in pass-through traffic. One or more Detective-200s can be placed inconspicuously at a roadside, pedestrian entryway, vendor services entrance, warehouse dock, or parking garage. The Detective-200 internal battery power and Auto Identification reporting provides simple deployment and operation. Figure 2 provides estimated performance of multiple units of land-based Detective-200s at 10 MPH and distances, up to 40 meters with the same alarm conditions as figure 1. Figure 1 Marine Bare HEU detection limit (kg) >95% detection possibility, false alarm rate <1/20 hrs, 5 MPH speed. Figure 2 Bare HEU detection limit (kg) >95% detection possibility, false alarm rate <1/20 hrs, 10 MPH speed. 3

39 Detective-200 TM Standoff Detection Standoff detection is the problem of correctly identifying a distant stationary or near stationary radioactive source. The standoff detection limit is essentially a question of signal-tonoise ratio in the detection system. As distance increases, gamma rays are attenuated by air and a fixed field of view means at further distances more background is in the field of view of the source. Both of these affects reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. As with other applications in low resolution systems, background variation is problematic. The high resolution of the Detective-200 and its large area detector make it an ideal standoff tool either alone or in an array. Figure 3 shows the time to identify 2.5 kg of Bare HEU with a >95% probability of detection and <1 false alarm per 20 hrs. (Note that a critical mass of HEU is approximately 50 kg.) Figure 3 Time to identify and detect 2.5 kg of HEU as a function of distance: marine. Detective-Remote Software Detective-200 is fully supported by the latest versions of the Detective-Remote software. Detective-Remote is a Windows-based application which combines the identification capabilities of multiple Detective-200s and controls them remotely over direct-connect USB or remotely over wireless LAN. Detective-Remote supports one or more Detectives as participants in a multi-detector system, providing the ability to combine multiple instruments into a composite system, based on multiple nodes. By sophisticated techniques (NOT simple spectral summing) the composite system can operate as if it was a single large detector with some positional sensitivity. In contrast to an actual single large detector, contributing Detective-200s which see no nuclide ID signal can be temporarily ignored, along with their background contribution, thereby enhancing signal-to-noise in the composite signal compared to a single large detector (as is the case in the NaI LOGS often deployed in scintillation detector mobile systems). Detective-Remote software also supports not just Detective-200s, but Detectives of any size or model, and any combination can be used. Data are gathered by Detective-Remote in LIST mode and individual spectra are stored in the localized database and can be exported into other applications such as spreadsheets, GIS applications, or reporting software. No other nuclide identification instrument provides such sensitivity and accuracy in such a rugged and flexible package. IMPORTANT NOTE: The effect of Collimation on System Performance In all of the applications discussed, the time-to-detect or limit-of-identification may be adversely affected by radiation background, which degrades counting statistics and therefore degrades (raises) the minimum detectable (identifiable) nuclide activity. Background can be reduced by restricting the field-of-view (FOV) of the detection system by the use of a shielding collimator. The example data presented in figures 1, 2 and 3 above assume a collimated FOV of 120. The optimum collimation depends on the measurement speed, distance and then radioactivity of the environment to be encountered. The overall effectiveness of the system depends on the number of Detective-200s and the choice of collimation. ORTEC scientists are happy to provide advice on the most effective configurations. 4

40 Detective-200 TM Detective-200 Hardware Features Since the first model was introduced in 2004, all ORTEC Detective identifiers have incorporated the same principle technologies and features, namely: High-resolution, high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Mechanically cooled by miniature Stirling-cycle refrigerator. Internal high range GM tube provides gamma dose rate. Fast, Simple and ULTRA-Reliable Classification of NORM,,, SNM and Natural Isotopes, shielded and unshielded. Touch Screen or Remote Software Operation. ANSI N42.34 and ANSI N42.42 compliant. Battery/AC/DC powered, highly stable digital electronics. Wired USB, wireless communications. Local storage of spectra. Advanced analysis algorithms developed over thousands of real-world identification situations: Low levels of false alarms in the presence of NORM High-fidelity identification of mixture constituents Resistance to spoofing by masking sources Immunity to variation in background radiation Easy-to-use through intuitive, touch-sensitive screen GUI with operational modes configurable according to individual CONOPS, including long count mode for weak/distant sources. Neutron detecting models. Detective-200 Operational Capabilities SEARCH MODES: Gamma count rates are presented as a time tracking strip chart. MONITOR MODE: Detective collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against an eight second sliding average. More sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. Monitor mode is a valuable search method, but is also useful in ad-hoc portal monitoring applications. SNM Search Mode: SNM Search mode is designed to help avoid false negatives when determining SNM. It helps in finding the point of maximum count rate which COULD be consistent with SNM. Key regions of the spectrum are monitored which are critical to the determination of both U-235 (the key constituent of HEU) and Pu-239. The peak region confidence level is displayed in the form of a bar graph. A high and steady reading indicates that "something" is present which is worthy of more investigation. Once the maximum reading has been located, the "confirm" key initiates the full identification algorithm. SNM Search mode is an INDICATOR of SNM but should always be followed by the confirmatory ID to avoid false positives. In combination, SNM Search and ID modes minimize BOTH false negatives and false positives. GAMMA DOSE RATE: Gamma Dose Rate is monitored by the HPGe detector and by an internal compensated GM tube. The dose rate is displayed at all times. Dose rate units may be chosen as µsv/hr or mr/hr. 5

41 Detective-200 TM GPS Position Information: An internal GPS receiver displays GPS coordinates which may be saved along with spectrum data for future use. Storage of Data (spectrum, search data, ID results): To internal RAM and removable SD card. Computer Interfacing: USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Remote control via Microsoft remotedsp.exe (supplied). WiFi (802.11) communication. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Display: Features a large, bright and clear LCD display with touch-sensitive screen. Gamma count rate and gamma dose rate are displayed continuously both numerically and in bar graph form. Menu navigation is highly intuitive. The radionuclide gamma-ray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) like a conventional multichannel analyzer. Y-axis units are now displayed. Operating Modes In response to customer requests, Detective instruments can now operate in two modes Classify and ANSI. Classify Mode: The user presses the Identify button and the instrument gathers data until manually stopped, without preset. During the acquisition, suspected nuclide classification messages appear, such as Suspect 1, meaning the presence of one industrial nuclide is suspected. As the count continues and confidence levels increase, this might change to Found 1 or disappear as better statistics determine the previously suspected nuclide was not, in fact, present. Clicking on the Found or Suspect message gives a listing of which nuclides were actually found (or suspected) by name. ANSI Mode: This mode is similar to classify mode, but dispenses with the classification, and presents nuclide names directly, both suspect and found. Preset Time: This is to allow for CONOPS in which it is required to count for a preset time, for example 60 seconds. At the end of the preset period, only what has been found is reported, no suspects are reported. The operator can request a count time extension, if desired, adding multiples of the original preset period. LCX (Low-Confidence Expert) ID Mode: LCX mode is password protected. LCX denotes Low Confidence-Expert, and is intended for expert users. This identification mode displays suspected threat alarms and identifications at a lower confidence level than the normal mode. This results in more hits on suspected threat nuclides. Instrument Calibration: The instrument is calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. The energy calibration may be checked and adjusted with any known source with a clean gamma ray between 0 and 3 MeV. A higher energy is recommended. Cs-137 is often used. Calibration can be manual or automatic. Background collection is now a required part of calibration. By allowing for activities already in the background, the system will no longer report nuclides detected in the background. These IDs on former versions sometimes lead to user-confusion. The background must be updated on a schedule which is chosen by the privileged user. SMART Stabilizer: The smart stabilizer stabilizes the gain very precisely on the 1460 kev peak of K-40, if present. The smart part is that if there is no K-40 present or if Eu-152 is detected, which could interfere with the K-40 peak, the stabilizer setting is held but not adjusted until normal conditions return. Even though the Detective is a highly stable instrument, the smart stabilizer allows accurate determination of more complicated mixed spectra. 6

42 Detective-200 TM Classify Mode Messages The following explains the criteria for selected Classify ID Display Mode messages. HEU (highly enriched uranium): This message is displayed if the major lines of uranium are detected and the ratios of the intensities of the lines indicates the U-235 content to be above about 70%. Am241 (unshielded) in the category: This message is displayed if the 59 kev peak is located. It could mean that an Am-241 source such as a smoke detector is present. Move closer to the source and/or count longer. This will allow the higher-energy gamma rays to accumulate in the spectrum, in case plutonium is also present. Unknown Peak and Unknown/Beta Emitter: This indicates the gamma count rate is higher than can be accounted for based on the peaks in the library. The implication is that either an unexpected nuclide or a beta emitter is present (beta emitters typically producing counts over a broad range of energies). Move closer to the source and count longer to determine the nature of the suspect item. If another ID is found, then the Unknown Peak or the Unknown/Beta Emitter ID are suppressed. Found Nuclide Screen Messages RDD Detected: This message is posted when estimated activity is >100 mci, whether the activity is from threat or innocent nuclides. The gamma count-rate and dose-rate meters on the Survey Mode and ID Mode screens display a flashing red background and extremely high count and dose rates. Classify Mode Primary ID Message Format The form of the primary ID messages is: "Found CLASS(#)" or "Suspect CLASS(#)" where CLASS is NORM Bremsstrahlung Nuclear Uranium Nuclear Plutonium Nuclear Neptunium And "#" is the number of nuclides of that class identified. Detective Library V8.5 radionuclides according to their categories in the Classify ID mode. F-18 I-125 Lu-177 Lu-177m Mo-99 Pd-103 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Tc-99m Xe-133 Ac-225 As-74 Ce-139 Ce-141 Co-58 Ga-67 Ga-67 (shielded) Ge-68/Ga-68 I-123 I-123 (shielded) I-124 I-131 I-131 (shielded) In-111 Lu-172 Na-24 Rb-83 Rb-86 Ru-106/Rh-106 Sc-46 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-89 Tl-201 Tl-204 Tm-170 V-48 Xe-133m Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 Am-241 Am-241 (unshielded) Cs-137 Ho-166m Ho-166m (shielded) Ir-192 Ir-192 (shielded) W-187 Ac-227 Ag-110m Ar-41 As-72 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Bi-212 (Th-232/U- 232 daughter) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-115 Ce-144 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-55 Co-57 Co-57 (shielded) Co-60 Cs-134 Hf-181 Hg-203 I-126 I-126 (shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (shielded) Mn-52 Mn-56 Nb-92m Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nb-96 (shielded) Nd-147 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pr-144 Ra-223 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sr-85/Kr-85 Tc-96 Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Tm-171 W-188/Re-188 NORM La-138 Ra-226 Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) K-40 Lu-176 Th-232 Bremsstrahlung Beta emitter Cr-51 Cu-64 Eu-152 Gd-159 La-140 Mn-54 Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta emitter Xe-131m At-211 Bi-207 Br-76 Br-76 (heavily shielded) Br-76 (shielded) Cd-109 Co-56 Co-56 (shielded) Eu-154 Eu-155 Eu-156 Fe-59 Ga-64 Ga-64 (shielded) Gd-153 Ho-166 Ir-194 (shielded) Na-22 Neutrons Os-194/Ir-194 Po-210 Sn-113 Ta-182 Tl-200 Tl-202 Xe-135 Y-88 Nuclear Uranium Enriched Uranium HEU U-232 U-233 U-235 U kev peak present 2614 kev peak present Nuclear Plutonium Pu-239 Pu /414 peak present Am-241 (shielded) Nuclear Neptunium Np-237 7

43 Detective-200 TM ANSI Mode Messages The table is divided according to the threat category used to determine ID background color in Monitor Mode and on the Found and Suspect Nuclide reports, e.g., green for innocent IDs, yellow for LCX-mode suspects, and red for threats. NB: if desired and under password protection, the color coding, and therefore the threat classification can be disabled. Innocent Ac Ac Ag-110m... Am-241 (unshielded)... Ar As As At Au Ba Ba Be-7... Beta emitter... Bi Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter)... Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter)...norm Br Br-76 (heavily shielded)... Br-76 (shielded)... Br Ca Cd Cd Ce Ce Ce Cm Cm Cm Co Co Co-56 (shielded)... Co Co-57 (shielded)... Co Co Cr Cs Cs Cs Cu Cu-67/Ga Eu Eu Eu Eu F Fe Ga Ga-64 (shielded)... Ga Ga-67 (shielded)... Gd Gd Gd Ge-68/Ga Hf Hg Ho Ho-166m... Ho-166m (shielded)... I I-123 (shielded)... I I I I-126 (shielded)... I I-131 (shielded)... I I I I In Ir Ir-192 (shielded)... Ir-194 (shielded)... K-40...NORM Kr Kr Kr Kr-88 (shielded)... La NORM La Lu Lu NORM Lu Lu-177m... Mn Mn Mn Mo Na ANSI Mode Messages Table Identification Classification Identification Classification Identification Classification Identification Classification Na Nb-92m... Nb Nb Nb Nb-96 (shielded)... Nd Os-194/Ir Pa Pb Pd Po Pr Ra Ra NORM Rb Rb Rh Ru Ru-106/Rh Ru Sb Sb-124 (shielded)... Sb Sb Sc Se Sm Sm-153 (shielded)... Sn Sr-82/Rb Sr-85/Kr Sr Ta Tc Tc-99m... Te Th Th Th NORM Tl Tl Tl Tl Tm Tm Unknown Peak...Unknown Unknown/Beta emitter...unknown V W W-188/Re Xe Xe-131m... Xe Xe-133m... Xe Y Y Yb Zn Zn Zr Suspect (LCX Mode only) 186 kev Peak Present...SNM 2614 kev peak present /414 Peak Present...SNM 375/414 Peak Present...SNM Threat Am Weapon...Indicating Am-241 (shielded)...weapon...indicating Enriched Uranium...SNM HEU...SNM Neutrons...Weapon...Indicating Neutrons CR...Weapon...Indicating Neutrons on Fe...Weapon...Indicating Neutrons on Hydrogen...Weapon...Indicating Np SNM Pu SNM Pu SNM U Weapon...Indicating U SNM U SNM U Weapon...Indicating 8

44 Detective-200 TM Detective-200 Detailed Specifications Summary OPERATION MODES SEARCH Scanning mode for location of radioactive sources. Speed settings 0.1 to 50 seconds/point. SNM Search Mode Nuclide-specific search mode for U-235, Pu-239 and neutron counts. Ba-133 surrogate detection may be turned on for training purposes. Bar graph display of nuclide confidence level. Aid to Identify mode. MONITOR Mode The instrument collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against an 8 second sliding average. This mode is more sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. LCX Low confidence Expert Mode. IDENTIFY Gamma Proprietary scheme for identification and classification of radionuclides. Background subtraction. ANSI Mode: See nuclide list above. Classify Mode: Nuclides classified according to: Natural (NORM) Nuclear These classifications are based on an internal, fixed library according to ANSI N Customized libraries for specific applications can be supplied by special order. Remote Mode Detective V3 instruments can participate as nodes within the Detective Mobile search system. Dose Rate Visual over range indication and continuous audible alarm, user settable. Over-ride alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/hr. DETECTORS Internal HPGe Detector Crystal Nominal Dimensions: 85 mm diameter x 30 mm deep. P-type high-purity germanium. Coaxial construction. Cooler: High reliability, low power Stirling cooler. Cooler design life >5 years continuous running. Dual piston design, 1 W nominal lift at 100 K. Digital Noise Suppression: "LFR Filter," ORTEC Patent Pending. Gamma Dose Rate Detector Two detectors determine the gamma dose rate over a wide range from <0.05 µsv/h to >10000 µsv/h, a dose-rate range of around six decades. For low dose rates, below ~20 µsv/h, the dose rate is determined from the Ge detector spectrum. For dose rates above this value, the internal compensated GM tube is used. Instrument switches between the two automatically. Dose rate uncertainty <( 50% to +100%); continuous audible alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/h (fixed maximum threshold), user settable threshold below this. DIGITAL MCA AND DATA PROCESSOR Display VGA 640 x 480 TFT sunlight readable, touchscreen, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor Marvel 806 MHz XScale. Data Storage (Spectrum, Search Data, ID Results) To internal RAM and removable SD card. Computer Interfacing USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Remote control via Microsoft remotedsp.exe (supplied). Wi-fi (802.11) communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. GPS Internal NMEA compliant WAAS capable. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data. Smart digital spectrum gain stabilizer. Digital Noise Suppression LFR Filter. Conversion Gain 8k channel. Maximum Number of Stored Spectra Unlimited on removable media. DISPLAYS AND MENUS Main Screen Gamma Count Rate Bar Graph 20 kcps full scale. Dose Rate Bar Graph 10 msv/hr full scale, flashes on over range. Status Lines: WARNING!! High Dose Rate Displayed when Dose rate exceeds 10 msv/hr. Detector is Warm Displayed when crystal temperature is above working limit. Bias Supply Error Displayed if any power supply is bad. WARNING!! Low Battery. 9

45 Detective-200 TM Search Mode (Gamma/Neutron) Dwell times seconds per point. Over-range warning. SNM Search Mode Nuclide-specific search mode for U-235 and Pu-239. Bar graph display of nuclide confidence level. Identify Nuclide ID and classification. "Intense" shows the most intense lines list, which is a continuously updating list of the 12 best peaks currently detected. The nuclides and energies are based on the internal nuclide library. The rank is based on the confidence value for the peak. "Save" Saves the spectrum. Format choices: ORTEC.CHN, ORTEC.SPC and ANSI N "Display" brings up the spectral display. The spectrum may be manipulated via the arrow keys and various accelerator keys for cursor movement. Energy and channel contents are displayed with the spectrum. Advanced Setup Password protected. Calibration Check Manual or Automatic Calibration Check. Automatic may be triggered by interval or time of day. Instrument is supplied calibrated from factory. View Data Acquisition Parameters Reports instrument status. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Maximum Overall Dimensions (including Ge detector end cap and shock absorbers) cm L x cm W x 38.7 cm H (16.82" L x 9.5" W x 15.24" H) Weight 47 lb (21.32 kg). Internal Battery Life Approximately 3 hours at 25 C when HPGe detector is cold, depending on battery condition. Battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of external battery packs which are available in "battery belt" formats. Input Power 10 to 17 V DC from battery or DC power supply (universal mains supply included). Battery charger circuit is inside instrument. Power Usage Greatest during cool down: <100 W. While charging battery: 5 A nominal. Cold with fully charged battery: <2 A. External Power DC In and battery Charge In. MS3112E12-10-s or Bendix PT02E-12-10S connector. Temperature Operation Range: 10 C to 50 C. Relative Humidity: 100% at 50 C. Communications Ports External Connectivity to System 1 SD (Secure Digital) card slot (3.3 V). 1 USB connection for "ActiveSync" capability or MCA operation with external computer (ActiveSync and remote display software included). WiFi communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Cool Down Time The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between making measurements the unit is powered from a DC supply, car battery or other high capacity device. Mobile MCB Server The Mobile MCB Server software application enables any ORTEC portable instrument installed with a PDA to communicate wirelessly with ORTEC software applications such as MAESTRO, GammaVision, and Detective-Remote. The Mobile MCB Server acts like a wireless version of the USB connection, allowing users to control and monitor any portable spectrometer through a wireless network. Users can develop their own applications through the use of the optional A11 tool kit. 10

46 Detective-200 TM Detective-200 Mobile Detection System Rack Kit The rack kit provides a simple, transportable solution for creating Ad-Hoc mobile detection systems without the need for permanent vehicle installation. Supports up to four Detective-200s in varying configurations. Portable, light weight, and collapsible. Easy to install and remove. Rugged frame for mobile applications. Can be configured for multiple vehicle types. Transportable case for rack and two Detective-200s. Vehicle laptop mounting kit. 11

47 Detective-200 TM Ordering Information DETDX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifier (Gamma Only) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case. DETDX Includes 2 each DETDX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma Only) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETDX Includes 4 each DETDX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma Only) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETEX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifier (Gamma and Neutron) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case. DETEX Includes 2 each DETEX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma and Neutron) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETEX Includes 4 each DETEX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma and Neutron) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DET-REMOTE-MOB-SYS Detective-Remote software with Detective software update, Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETDX-EX-MCB-SW Mobile MCB Server add-on software module for existing Detective family instruments installed with a PDA. DET-SW-UPG Upgrade to complete Detective-Pro PDA Software Application package. For price and delivery, ortec.info@ametek.com. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

48 PINS3-CF Portable Chemical and Explosive Identification System Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy System for the Identification of Chemical Warfare Agents, Explosives, and Toxic Chemicals without the need for Liquid Nitrogen.

49 PINS3-CF The ORTEC PINS3-CF is a Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) non-destructive assessment system that analyzes and provides on-site identification information about the contents of unidentified or suspect chemicals inside thick steel unopened containers. The system is designed to identify chemicals inside a container without the need for disassembly, contact, physical sampling or breech, and is being deployed as part of national counter-terrorist equipment assets for providing a safe means of identifying the contents of "suspect" packages. The PINS3-CF is simple and easy to use with the addition of the ORTEC trans-spec-n mechanically cooled high purity germanium spectrometer. The trans-spec-n has been specifically designed and tested to replace existing liquid nitrogen cooled detectors currently used for neutron chemical assay systems and provides the necessary field spectroscopy readings for non-intrusive chemical identification. PINS3-CF provides significant advantages over previous liquid nitrogen designed systems by eliminating the logistical and safety problems associated with the storage and transport of liquid nitrogen, equipment handling, maintenance, and training. PINS Applications Munitions Artillery, Mortar, Rockets, Bombs, Land mines. Containers Gas cylinders, Storage tanks, Bags, Brief cases, Parcels. Chemicals Chemical war heads, Explosives, Gases, Smoke. Benefits Requires no disassembly while taking samples of the materials or during inspection of the container. Users have limited exposure to the material of interest. Limited exposure accidents -- users are not handling special materials. Simple, fast setup and operation. Longer operational times require less battery changes. Prepackaged for easy shipping and handling. Reduces risk to the public, workers and emergency response personnel by rapidly obtaining detailed information and distributing it to the appropriate authorities and responders. Features No liquid nitrogen required. Uses a mechanically cooled, field deployable gamma spectrometer (ORTEC trans-spec-n). Auto analysis of chemicals and explosives. Ruggedized laptop with Chemical Analysis and Identification software. 12 hour runtime with external rechargeable battery. Lightweight measurement stand. Uses a small Californium-252 neutron source. USB and Power cables. Safety kit. Hardened wheeled transport case. 2

50 PINS3-CF PINS Overview The Portable Isotopic Nuclear Spectroscopy (PINS) Chemical Identification System identifies dangerous compounds and mixtures non-destructively. The test object need not be opened or touched, providing significant safety benefits. As shown, PINS probes a test object with neutrons that excite the atomic nuclei within, causing the excited nuclei to produce gamma rays. The energy intensity pattern or spectrum of these gamma rays is unique for each chemical element, and by analyzing the gamma-ray spectrum, the PINS software identifies the chemical elements inside the test object and determines if the object contains a chemical warfare agent, a military explosive, a fill (such as sand), or a smoke generating chemical. How It Works PINS3-CF uses neutrons produced by fission of the radioisotope Californium-252 (Cf-252). The standard PINS3-CF 5-microgram Cf-252 source produces ten million neutrons per second. The source emits neutrons omni-directionally, and approximately 1,000 neutrons per second strike each square centimeter of the test object surface. Since neutrons are a very penetrating form of radiation, most pass through the test object casing and interact with the chemicals inside. Neutrons from the source excite the nuclei they encounter by inelastic scattering or by neutron capture. In either case, the excited nuclei decay to their ground states by gamma-ray emission, and the gamma rays are characteristic of the emitting nucleus. That is, the gamma-ray energies and intensities vary, often strongly, from one nucleus to another. For example, the hydrogen nucleus emits a 2.2-MeV gamma ray under neutron bombardment, while a phosphorus nucleus emits a 1.3-MeV gamma ray. The neutron-induced gamma rays are measured by a high-purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometer and sorted into a spectrum by the spectrometer electronics. By analysis of the spectrum, the chemical elements excited by the neutrons are determined, and the chemical substance inside the test object can be identified. PINS in Operation Developed for field deployment, the PINS3-CF is both portable and rugged. Its components include a mechanically cooled spectrometer with integrated multichannel analyzer, a small radioactive californium neutron source, a stand and shielding for the detector, and a laptop computer for user interface. Customized software displays the data in real time as it is gathered and offers powerful options for monitoring and analysis. The laptop computer serves as the PINS3-CF control panel. The computer allows the user to initialize the instrument, start and stop data acquisition by the gamma-ray spectrometer, and display and analyze the resulting gamma-ray spectra. Connecting cables 82 feet (25 meters) long allow the computer to be set up at a safe distance from the radiation exclusion area, and also provide communication between the computer and the gamma-ray spectrometer. 3

51 PINS3-CF A) Return to file View Button B) Analysis Box C) MCA Status Box D) Spectra Display E) Element Browse Buttons F) Analysis Information Box G) Assay Information Box H) Toggle View Button A) Collect Spectra Button B) Folder Browser C) Results Display D) Element Browse Buttons E) Analysis Information Box F) Assay Information Box G) Toggle View Button 4

52 PINS3-CF trans-spec-n Mechanically Cooled High Purity Germanium Spectrometer Unlike the liquid-nitrogen-cooled HPGe spectrometers used in previous PINS systems, PINS3-CF uses the trans-spec-n mechanically-cooled HPGe spectrometer, requiring no liquid nitrogen. The electrical power required to cool the spectrometer detector is approximately 30 watts. The trans-spec-n lithium ion battery can keep the detector cold for 10 to 12 hours and the external battery can be hot-swapped for extended field use of the instrument. The trans-spec-n provides a flexible and modular solution to support field inspections of chemical and explosive threats with the following additional features: No LN 2 Miniature, high-reliability, "run-forever" Stirling-cycle cooler eliminates the need for LIQUID NITROGEN; detector element is encapsulated in high reliability, low loss, all-metal sealed cryostat. High Sensitivity Large (>50% relative efficiency) HPGe detector. High Stability Digital electronics give you the solution for the toughest analysis in the toughest conditions. Bright and Clear VGA resolution display with touch sensitive operator screen. All-in-one Integrated Package Rugged and compact with no interconnections easy to setup and go. Smart Nuclide ID and activity calculation for nine Regions of Interest (ROI). Well Connected USB 2.0 and Wireless Communications, built-in GPS, and Secure Digital Input/Output (SDIO) storage of acquired spectra. Flexible A variety of power sources can be used, including internal battery, supplemental external battery, automobile battery (any 12 V DC), and line power; all with automatic switchover. Chemicals Automatically Identified by PINS Auto Analysis of Chemicals The PINS data acquisition program records and displays the incoming spectra measurements from the trans-spec-n. It also analyzes the spectrum being recorded every 10 seconds, fitting the peaks of interest, re-calibrating the energy scale, and performing a chemical analysis. The new chemical analysis method, based on the shown decision tree logic, attempts to identify the chemical inside the object under test. The new probabilistic method traces through every path in the decision tree, and computes a score for each possible content chemical. The chemical with the highest score is chosen as the content chemical. The new chemical analysis method is faster and more accurate, plus it is easier to expand the list of chemicals that PINS can identify automatically. Currently, the PINS auto analysis software recognizes the chemicals shown to the right. Chemical Warfare Agents BR-2 CG CK GB HD HN VX WL Explosives Practice Fills Bleach POP Sand Water-antifreeze Riot Agents CA CNB CNS Smoke Chemicals FM FS HC WP 5

53 PINS3-CF Specifications Gamma-Ray HPGe Spectrometer Model ORTEC trans-spec-n Relative Efficiency >50% typical (ANSI/IEEE ) Energy Resolution < kev and kev (FWHM Warranted at optimum settings and detector type) Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) Built in digital signal processing MCA MCA Channels Up to 16k Dimensions 15.5 in. L x 6.55 in. W x in. H (39.4 cm L x 16.3 cm W x 34.9 cm H) Weight 24.4 lb. (11.1 kg) Input Power V 30 Watt Internal Battery Life >3 77 F (.25 C) for a cold detector External Battery Extends operating time to F (.25 C) for a cold detector Initial Cooldown Time <10 77 F (.25 C) Laptop Computer Model Panasonic Toughbook CF-31 Operating System Microsoft Windows 7 Hard Disk Drive Capacity 320 GB Battery Operation Time 12.5 hours Charging Time 4.5 hours Dimensions 11.9 in. x 11.5 in. x 2.9 in. (30.2 cm x 29.2 cm x 7.3 cm) Weight 8.2 lb. (3.7 kg) Operating Temperature Range Cf-252 Neutron Source Model Frontier Technology Corporation Model 100 Radioisotope Californium-252 Source Mass 5 micrograms Source Activity 2.5 millicurie, 92.5 megabequerel Neutron Maxwellian, Temperature Spectrum Parameter = 1.42 MeV Mean Neutron Energy 2.1 MeV Construction Solid metal-cermet alloy source, double stainless steel encapsulation Special Form Certification U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) Shipping Container Frontier Technology Corporation Model (5 gallon drum) Shipping Container Certification US DOT Type A, Specification 7A 6

54 PINS3-CF Ordering Information Model PINS3-CF PINS3-CF-RN Available in the U.S. ONLY. trans-spec-n Description Portable Chemical and Explosives Identification System. Includes trans-spec-n HPGe Gamma Spectrometer, Laptop, PINS Chemical and Explosives Analysis and Identification Software, measurement table assembly, safety signs and tools, external DC power supply, and ruggedized, wheeled transport and shipping container. Portable Chemical and Explosives Identification System. Includes trans-spec-n HPGe Gamma Spectrometer, Laptop, PINS Chemical and Explosives Analysis and Identification Software, Radiological and Nuclear Identification Software, measurement table assembly, safety signs and tools, external DC power supply, and ruggedized, wheeled transport and shipping container. trans-spec-n Portable Spectrometer complete with universal mains supply and MAESTRO software. All of the system components fit into two ruggedized cases designed to handle the shock and vibration of impacts during movement and handling. Notes 1) Neutron source is not included. Customer must purchase neutron source directly from supplier. ORTEC will provide details of supplier, model, and specifications to customer upon receipt of purchase order. 2) Periodic detector annealing is recommended as part of a routine maintenance program for any HPGe detector operating in a high neutron environment. The scheduling of this maintenance will be dependent on the utilization and intensity of the high energy neutron source. 7

55 PINS3-CW Portable Chemical Identification System Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy System for the Identification of Chemical Warfare Agents, and Toxic Chemicals without the need for Liquid Nitrogen.

56 PINS3-CW The ORTEC PINS3-CW is a Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) non-destructive assessment system that analyzes and provides on-site identification information about the contents of unidentified or suspect chemicals inside thick steel unopened containers. The system is designed to identify chemicals inside a container without the need for disassembly, contact, physical sampling or breech, and is being deployed as part of national counter-terrorist equipment assets for providing a safe means of identifying the contents of "suspect" packages. The PINS3-CW is simple and easy to use with the addition of the ORTEC trans-spec-n mechanically cooled high purity germanium spectrometer. The trans-spec-n has been specifically designed and tested to replace existing liquid nitrogen cooled detectors currently used for neutron chemical assay systems and provides the necessary field spectroscopy readings for non-intrusive chemical identification. PINS3-CW provides significant advantages over previous liquid nitrogen designed systems by eliminating the logistical and safety problems associated with the storage and transport of liquid nitrogen, equipment handling, maintenance, and training. PINS Applications Munitions Artillery, Mortar, Rockets, Bombs, Land mines. Containers Gas cylinders, Storage tanks, Bags, Brief cases, Parcels. Chemicals Chemical war heads, Gases, Smoke. Benefits Requires no disassembly while taking samples of the materials or during inspection of the container. Users have limited exposure to the material of interest. Limited exposure accidents -- users are not handling special materials. Simple, fast setup and operation. Longer operational times require less battery changes. Prepackaged for easy shipping and handling. Reduces risk to the public, workers and emergency response personnel by rapidly obtaining detailed information and distributing it to the appropriate authorities and responders. Optional Detective software will allow the trans-spec-n to operate as a DETDX-100T-GP. Features No liquid nitrogen required. Uses a mechanically cooled, field deployable gamma spectrometer (ORTEC trans-spec-n). No Californium-252 source required. Auto analysis of chemicals. Uses a portable Neutron Generator. Ruggedized laptop with Chemical Analysis and Identification software. 12 hour runtime with external rechargeable battery. Lightweight measurement stand. USB and Power cables. Safety kit. Hardened wheeled transport case. 2

57 PINS3-CW PINS Overview The Portable Isotopic Nuclear Spectroscopy (PINS) Chemical Identification System identifies dangerous compounds and mixtures non-destructively. The test object need not be opened or touched, providing significant safety benefits. As shown, PINS probes a test object with neutrons that excite the atomic nuclei within, causing the excited nuclei to produce gamma rays. The energy intensity pattern or spectrum of these gamma rays is unique for each chemical element, and by analyzing the gamma-ray spectrum, the PINS software identifies the chemical elements inside the test object and determines if the object contains a chemical warfare agent, a fill (such as sand), or a smoke generating chemical. How It Works PINS3-CW uses neutrons produced by an electrical neutron generator to excite nuclei inside the object under test. The fusion of deuterium atoms (D + D) inside the neutron generator results in the formation of He-3 ions and a neutron with a kinetic energy of approximately 2.5 MeV. The standard PINS3-CW neutron generator produces ten million neutrons per second. The generator emits neutrons omni-directionally, and approximately 1,000 neutrons per second strike each square centimeter of the test object surface. Since neutrons are a very penetrating form of radiation, most pass through the test object casing and interact with the chemicals inside. Neutrons from the generator excite the nuclei they encounter by inelastic scattering or by neutron capture. In either case, the excited nuclei decay to their ground states by gamma-ray emission, and the gamma rays are characteristic of the emitting nucleus. That is, the gamma-ray energies and intensities vary, often strongly, from one nucleus to another. For example, the hydrogen nucleus emits a 2.2-MeV gamma ray under neutron bombardment, while a phosphorus nucleus emits a 1.3-MeV gamma ray. The neutron-induced gamma rays are measured by a high-purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometer and sorted into a spectrum by the spectrometer electronics. By analysis of the spectrum, the chemical elements excited by the neutrons are determined, and the chemical substance inside the test object can be identified. PINS in Operation Developed for field deployment, the PINS3-CW is both portable and rugged. Its components include a mechanically cooled spectrometer with integrated multichannel analyzer, a neutron generator, a stand and shielding for the detector, and a laptop computer for user interface. Customized software displays the data in real time as it is gathered and offers powerful options for monitoring and analysis. The laptop computer serves as the PINS3-CW control panel. The computer allows the user to initialize the instrument, start and stop data acquisition by the gamma-ray spectrometer, and display and analyze the resulting gamma-ray spectra. Connecting cables 82 feet (25 meters) long allow the computer to be set up at a safe distance from the radiation exclusion area, and also provide communication between the computer, gamma-ray spectrometer, and the neutron generator. 3

58 PINS3-CW A) Return to file View Button B) Analysis Box C) MCA Status Box D) Spectra Display E) Element Browse Buttons F) Analysis Information Box G) Assay Information Box H) Toggle View Button A) Collect Spectra Button B) Folder Browser C) Results Display D) Element Browse Buttons E) Analysis Information Box F) Assay Information Box G) Toggle View Button 4

59 PINS3-CW Trans-SPEC-N Mechanically Cooled High Purity Germanium Spectrometer Unlike the liquid-nitrogen-cooled HPGe spectrometers used in previous PINS systems, PINS3-CW uses the trans-spec-n mechanically-cooled HPGe spectrometer, requiring no liquid nitrogen. The electrical power required to cool the spectrometer detector is approximately 30 watts. The trans-spec-n lithium ion battery can keep the detector cold for 10 to 12 hours and the external battery can be hot-swapped for extended field use of the instrument. The trans-spec-n provides a flexible and modular solution to support field inspections of chemical threats with the following additional features: No LN 2 Miniature, high-reliability, "run-forever" Stirling-cycle cooler eliminates the need for LIQUID NITROGEN; detector element is encapsulated in high reliability, low loss, all-metal sealed cryostat. High Sensitivity Large (>50% relative efficiency) HPGe detector. High Stability Digital electronics give you the solution for the toughest analysis in the toughest conditions. Bright and Clear VGA resolution display with touch sensitive operator screen. All-in-one Integrated Package Rugged and compact with no interconnections easy to setup and go. Smart Nuclide ID and activity calculation for nine Regions of Interest (ROI). Well Connected USB 2.0 and Wireless Communications, built-in GPS, and Secure Digital Input/Output (SDIO) storage of acquired spectra. Flexible A variety of power sources can be used, including internal battery, supplemental external battery, automobile battery (any 12 V DC), and line power; all with automatic switchover. Electrical Neutron Generator The P 385 Neutron Generator incorporates the next generation of digital control. The operating options are integrated into the PINS Plus analysis software including settings for start and stop; a run timer, and ON/Off indication. Extensive safety features are designed into the P 385. Key-lock and external interlocks are built-in while the Smart Lamp senses light and current. The P 385 is designed for longevity and lifetime cost savings. The accelerator head contains a longer-life tube than other neutron generators on the market. The portable neutron generator continues the flexible and modular solution to support field inspections of chemical threats with the following additional features: Longer tube life lowers lifecycle cost. Higher output increased identification times. Modern digital control integrated with PINS Plus analysis software. Integrated high voltage power supply simple power operation in the field. 5

60 PINS3-CW Auto Analysis of Chemicals The PINS data acquisition program records and displays the incoming spectra measurements from the trans-spec-n. It also analyzes the spectrum being recorded every 10 seconds, fitting the peaks of interest, re-calibrating the energy scale, and performing a chemical analysis. The new chemical analysis method, based on the shown decision tree logic, attempts to identify the chemical inside the object under test. The new probabilistic method traces through every path in the decision tree, and computes a score for each possible content chemical. The chemical with the highest score is chosen as the content chemical. The new chemical analysis method is faster and more accurate, plus it is easier to expand the list of chemicals that PINS can identify automatically. Currently, the PINS auto analysis software recognizes the chemicals shown to the right. Chemicals Automatically Identified by PINS Chemical Warfare Agents BR-2 CG CK GB HD HN VX WL Practice Fills Bleach POP Sand Water-antifreeze Riot Agents CA CNB CNS Smoke Chemicals FM FS HC WP 6

61 PINS3-CW Specifications Gamma-Ray HPGe Spectrometer Model ORTEC trans-spec-n Relative Efficiency >50% typical (ANSI/IEEE ) Energy Resolution < kev and kev (FWHM Warranted at optimum settings and detector type) Multichannel Analyzer (MCA) Built in digital signal processing MCA MCA Channels Up to 16k Dimensions 15.5 in. L x 6.55 in. W x in. H (39.4 cm L x 16.3 cm W x 34.9 cm H) Weight 24.4 lb. (11.1 kg) Input Power V 30 Watt Internal Battery Life >3 77 F (.25 C) for a cold detector External Battery Extends operating time to F (.25 C) for a cold detector Initial Cooldown Time <10 77 F (.25 C) Laptop Computer Model Panasonic Toughbook CF-31 Operating System Microsoft Windows 7 Hard Disk Drive Capacity 320 GB Battery Operation Time 12.5 hours Charging Time 4.5 hours Dimensions 11.9 in. x 11.5 in. x 2.9 in. (30.2 cm x 29.2 cm x 7.3 cm) Weight 8.2 lb. (3.7 kg) Operating Temperature Range Neutron Generator Source Model Neutron Yield, Nominal Pulse Range P385 6E+06 n/s 250 Hz to 20 khz Duty Cycle 5% to 100% Neutron Maxwellian, Temperature Spectrum Mean Neutron Energy External Battery Control Interface Safety Features Pressurized Gas Shipping Permit Total Weight Parameter = 1.42 MeV 2.5 MeV Extends operating time to 12 77ºF (.25ºC) RS-232 Key lock, emergency On/Off, automatic pressure interlock switch, flashing warning light DOT SPECIAL PERMIT 14690, allows the unit to ship fully pressurized. A copy of this special permit may be obtained at pounds (17 kg) Accelerator and Electronics Enclosure 7

62 PINS3-CW Ordering Information Model PINS3-CW PINS3-CW-G TRANS-SPEC-N Description Portable Chemical Identification System Neutron Generator Compatible. Includes trans-spec-n HPGe Gamma Spectrometer, Laptop, PINS Chemical Analysis and Identification Software, measurement table assembly, safety signs and tools, external DC power supply, and ruggedized, wheeled transport and shipping container. Portable Chemical Identification System with Neutron Generator. Includes trans-spec-n HPGe Gamma Spectrometer, Neutron Generator, Laptop, PINS Chemical Analysis and Identification Software, measurement table assembly, safety signs and tools, external DC power supply, and ruggedized, wheeled transport and shipping container. Trans-SPEC-N Portable Spectrometer complete with universal mains supply and MAESTRO software. Notes 1) Periodic detector annealing is recommended as part of a routine maintenance program for any HPGe detector operating in a high neutron environment. The scheduling of this maintenance will be dependent on the utilization and intensity of the high energy neutron source. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

63 trans-spec-n Battery-Powered, Portable HPGe Gamma Spectrometer In-Situ High Purity Germanium Gamma Spectroscopy for Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy Systems.

64 trans-spec-n No LN 2 Miniature, high-reliability, Stirling-cycle cooler eliminates the need for LIQUID NITROGEN; detector element is encapsulated in high reliability, low loss, all-metal sealed cryostat. Neutron Damage Resistance N-type HPGe detector. Large Energy Range 40 kev to 11 MeV energy range for higher energy prompt gammas from neutron interactions. High Sensitivity Large (>50% relative efficiency) HPGe detector. High Stability Digital electronics give you the solution for the toughest analysis in the toughest conditions. Bright and Clear VGA resolution display with touch sensitive operator screen. All-in-one Integrated Package Rugged and compact with no interconnections easy to setup and go. Smart Nuclide ID and activity calculation for nine Regions of Interest (ROI). Well Connected USB 2.0 and Wireless Communications, built-in GPS, and Secure Digital Input/Output (SDIO) storage of acquired spectra. Flexible A variety of power sources can be used, including internal battery, supplemental external battery, automobile battery (any 12 V dc), and line power; all with automatic switchover. Trans-SPEC-N Applications Neutron Gamma Spectroscopy Chemical Waste Assay Chemical Warfare Identification Explosives Identification The trans-spec-n is an N-type HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer with everything you need in a single easy-to-handle package. There is no need for liquid nitrogen and no long cables. Everything is complete in one package and ready for use. The many ORTEC trans-spec and Detective instruments already in the field are demonstrating the reliability of the basic design and of the revolutionary miniature Stirling-cycle cooler which ensures reliable and efficient cooling of the integral HPGe detector. 2

65 trans-spec-n HPGe Detector and Cooler The trans-spec-n HPGe detector is an ORTEC GEM Series N-type crystal that is 67 mm in diameter x 69 mm in length and >50% relative efficiency. 1 The large HPGe crystal increases sensitivity and reduces time-to-mda. The over-square geometry means best absolute efficiency up to in excess of 2 MeV. A typical relative efficiency curve is shown in figure 1. The crystal is housed in an all-metal-sealed, ruggedized cryostat, and cooled by a highly reliable miniature Stirling-cycle cooler. This cooler is capable of approximately 1 W of heat lift at 100 K, and draws less than 25 W when operating. Digital Electronics Detector signal processing is achieved by advanced digital electronics. An active digital noise reduction filter (LFR) 2 implemented in the digital spectrometer reduces the effect of mechanically generated microphonic noise on the detector output signal, resulting in good energy resolution. Full control of the electronics parameter settings is allowed from the user interface, under password control. Display and Control The trans-spec-n model features a bright and clear VGA resolution display with a touch sensitive operator screen. Menu navigation is highly intuitive. The live radionuclide gamma-ray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) similar to a conventional multichannel analyzer in both log and linear display modes. There are three rows of buttons that are logically grouped together. The top row is used for ROI manipulation and navigation, the second row is used for spectrum display control and the bottom row is for hardware control, storing spectra, and navigation into the Menu Mode. Expanded Spectrum Display Full Spectrum Display 1 ANSI/IEEE Std Performance of Light-Weight, Battery-Operated, High Purity Germanium Detectors for Field Use, R.M. Keyser, T.R. Twomey, D.L. Upp, INMM 44th Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, July 13 17,

66 trans-spec-n Real Time Activity Calculations... NO PC Required! A trans-spec-n can perform simple nuclide activity calculations using internally stored calibration information, at the touch of a button, and all without the use of an attached PC. Everything is easily managed: the library for analysis, displayed peak labels, unit labels and calibration parameters. The parameters are all easily created and downloaded by MAESTRO (MCA emulation software) to the trans-spec-n, or entered directly. The parameters can be changed in the field to adapt to changing needs. Activity is calculated for the list of up to 9 nuclides. The spectral data can be saved and later re-analyzed in more detail using a more sophisticated PC-based analysis package such as GammaVision. Peak Info Function A peak information function allows the user to easily check that all is well with the data. Nuclide Report Data Security MCA Data Security is an important consideration. The MENU has numeric password or PIN protection. The operations are separated into two groups: USER and ADMINISTRATOR. The USER password protects the instrument from unauthorized use, allowing the user to protect data stored in the internal memory. The ADMIN or Setup functions are protected by a different administrator password. The ADMIN functions can only be changed by the Administrator ensuring that your results are based on the correct parameters. Peak Info Function Full Settings Control Full control of all relevant instrument settings is available under password protection. Settings Menus 4

67 trans-spec-n Instrument State-of-Health and Status The trans-spec-n HPGe detector incorporates "SMART-1 " diagnostics, which verify that the instrument is operating properly. State-of-health and instrument status is available at a glance. CONNECTIONS programs, such as MAESTRO which is included with the trans-spec-n, can read the state-of-health status parameters, and display them on a laptop, if connected, or they may be displayed on the trans-spec-n status screen. User-developed packages may read the status register through the trans-spec-n for maintaining the spectrum QA. Flexibility in Choice of Power Sources The trans-spec-n can draw power from a variety of sources. For initial cool down from ambient temperature, it is placed on the docking station, or attached to the compact AC/Power Adapter/Charger (PAC). The docking station provides small air movers to assist with initial cool down in conditions of high ambient temperature (>40 C). State-of-Health Display MCA Emulation and Spectral Analysis... MAESTRO MCA Emulator Included The latest version MAESTRO MCA software is included to run on your PC or laptop. It provides a standard graphical user interface and can be used to control all system parameters from the convenient larger screen. MAESTRO is a member of the ORTEC CONNECTIONS family of products, and provides full networking with other ORTEC spectrometers and supporting computers. MAESTRO includes features for identifying peaks, editing libraries, and creating, printing and saving Regions of Interest (ROI), performing energy calibrations, automating tasks via using simple Job Streams, AND MORE! Create Your Own Custom Software with the Optional A11 Toolkit The A11 CONNECTIONS Programmer s Toolkit is also optionally available for those who wish to integrate the trans-spec-n into their own software systems. The Toolkit offers ActiveX Controls to simplify programming with LabVIEW, Visual C++, and Visual Basic. For more information on the Toolkit, ask for the A11 Programmer s Toolkit brochure. 5

68 trans-spec-n SPECIFICATIONS INTERNAL HPGe DETECTOR Dimensions 67 mm diameter x 69 mm length nominal. Coaxial construction. N-type high-purity germanium. Relative Efficiency >50% typical (ANSI/IEEE ) Resolution kev and kev (FWHM Warranted at optimum settings) Peak Shape 1.9 typical (FWTM/FWHM) Cryostat and Cooler Hardened cryostat with high reliability, low power Stirling cooler. The cryostat design is such that the trans-spec-n may be switched off at any time and power subsequently re-applied without waiting for a full thermal cycle (complete warm up before cool down), as is normal practice with a HPGe detector system. This feature greatly increases system availability during measurement campaigns. Digital Noise Suppression "LFR Filter." DIGITAL MCA AND DATA PROCESSOR Display VGA 640 x 480 TFT sunlight readable touch sensitive, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor Marvel 806 MHz XScale. Data Storage To internal RAM and removable SD card. Computer Interfacing USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Remote control via Microsoft remotedsp.exe (supplied). Wi-fi (802.11) communication software optionally available. GPS Internal NMEA compliant WAAS capable. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data. Digital Noise Suppression "LFR Filter" ORTEC (Patent Pending). Conversion Gain 16k channel. Maximum Number of Stored Spectra Unlimited on removable media. Full Display and Zoom Modes Display of multiple ROIs. Main Display Configurable Status Line User-configurable parameter display allows two parameter choices from the following selection: cursor energy, location, live time, live time remaining, real time remaining, battery life remaining, count rate, count rate in ROI, and counts. Energy Calibration Quadratic fit of energy versus channel. On Line Activity Calculation Activity and uncertainty are calculated and reported on-screen, on-line for up to 9 userdefined regions. Activity is calculated as net count rate divided by user supplied efficiency factor. Multiple Presets Live time, real time, integral peak count, peak count, uncertainty and Multi-Nuclide MDA. Up to 20 nuclide ROIs may be specified. Acquisition halts when all MDA requirements have been satisfied. Real/Live Time in multiples of 1 sec. MENU FUNCTIONS Pressing the Menu button while a spectrum is displayed brings up the Main Menu. Preset Types Settings MAIN MENU OPTIONS View Status Displays all of the major MCA settings, including: Live time, Real time, Dead time, Battery voltage, Bias voltage, Fine gain, Coarse gain, and Baseline restore [BLR] setting. Sample ID Full alpha-numeric sample description may be entered; included in spectrum file. (A stylus or similar is recommended if this feature is to be used frequently.) Peak Info Reports centroid, FWHM, and net and gross counts for the region identified by the marker position. MCA Settings Allows adjustment of MCA Controls. 1 - HV Settings 2 - Amplifier Settings 3 - Presets Settings 4 - ADC Settings 5 - Stabilizer Settings 6 - Nuclide ROI Settings 7 - Audio Settings 8 - State of Health Status (read-only) General Settings Control of instrument access, calibration, and the LCD display. 1 - Change User Password 2 - Change Admin Password 3 - Enter Admin Password 4 - Lock Spectral Display 6

69 trans-spec-n 5 - USB control 6 - Calibrate 7 - Set PHA mode 8 - Status/Marker Line Status/Marker Line Sets up the Status Line at the top of the spectrum display and the marker line at the bottom to show a selection of the following parameters: Status line, two of: Live time, Real time, Live time remaining, Real time remaining, Battery time remaining, Count rate, Count rate in ROI. Marker line, two of: Marker location (energy), Status Line Configuration Marker location (channel), Marker channel counts Spectra Settings 1) Ask for Sample Description on save 2) Set a default Sample Description 3) Set a data location 4) Set a file save format 5) Display a stored spectrum 6) Delete a spectrum Nuclide Report Displays a list of predefined nuclides and reports the activity for each. Cooler Settings Allows user to turn cooler on or off and reports any fault condition. SYSTEM HARDWARE SETTINGS Coarse Gain 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 Fine Gain 0.45 to 1 With the available range of gain settings, the following FULL SCALE energy range is achievable ~40 kev to ~11 MeV. Conversion Gain The trans-spec-n conversion gain is software controlled from 512 to 16k channels. Dead-Time Correction Extended live-time correction according to Gedcke-Hale method. Accuracy: Area of reference peak changes ±3% from 0 to 50,000 counts per second. Linearity Integral Nonlinearity: <±0.025% over top 99.5% of spectrum, measured with a mixed source. Differential Nonlinearity: <±1%. Digital Spectrum Stabilizer: Controlled via computer, stabilizes gain and zero errors. Temperature Coefficient Gain: <35 ppm/ C. [Typically 30 ppm/ C.] Offset: <3 ppm/ C. Overload Recovery At maximum gain, recovers to within 2% of rated output from X1000 overload in 2.5 nonoverloaded pulse widths. (Measured using the MAESTRO InSight Oscilloscope.) Pulse Pile-Up Rejector Automatically set threshold. Pulsepair resolution typically 500 ns. Digital Gated Baseline Restorer Computer controlled adjustment of the restorer rate (High, Low and Auto). U.S. Patent No. 5,912,825. LLD Digital lower level discriminator set in channels. Hard cutoff of data in channels below the LLD setting. ULD Digital upper level discriminator set in channels. Hard cutoff of data in channels above the ULD setting. Ratemeter Count-rate display on MCA and/or PC screen. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Maximum Overall Dimensions (including handle, Ge detector endcap and shock absorbers) 39.4 cm L x 16.3 cm W x 34.9 cm H (15.5" L x 6.55" W x 13.75" H) Weight 24.4 lb (11.1 kg) Internal Battery Life >3 hours at 25 C with a cold detector on fully charged internal battery; battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of external battery packs which are available in "battery belt" formats. The unit is expected to be kept running once cold. Input Power V dc 30 Watt or via auto-sensing Mains powered Battery Charger. Temperature Operation Range/Humidity 10 to +40 C, Relative Humidity <90% at 35 C, non-condensing. 7

70 trans-spec-n Communications Ports External Connectivity to System 1 SD (Secure Digital) card slot (3.3 V). 1 USB connection for "ActiveSync" capability or MCA operation with external computer (ActiveSync and remote display software included). WiFi communication software optional. 1 Audio headphone jack. Cool Down Time The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between measurements the unit is powered from a dc supply, car battery or other high capacity device. Initial cool down time depends on ambient temperature, but is typically <12 hours at 25 C. SOFTWARE Trans-SPEC-N is fully supported by the latest versions of the highly successful MAESTRO MCA Emulator (included) as well as the well-known ORTEC Gamma Spectroscopy packages such as GammaVision for generalized HPGe spectrum analysis, FRAM and MGAHI for Pu and U isotopic ratio analysis and ISOPlus for in-situ waste assay analysis. The integral USB connection in the instrument hardware provides full PC control, real-time live MCA display, fast data transfer of single and multiple spectra to the PC, and full ORTEC CONNECTIONS network support. Separate software product brochures are available on request. Ordering Information Model TRANS-SPEC-N Description Trans-SPEC-N Portable Spectrometer complete with universal mains supply and MAESTRO software. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

71 Detective-Remote Nuclear Threat Detection Software for Mobile Radiological Search Systems New Enhanced Analysis Algorithms New Enhanced Mapping Capability The right software, the right solution, the right answer!

72 Detective-Remote TM The ORTEC Detective-Remote software is a Windows -based software application used in ORTEC s radiological search systems. It can be used with ORTEC Detective-200 radionuclide identifiers, or other compatible ORTEC portable identification instrument models, to perform accurate radioisotope identification for multiple applications. The analysis algorithms in the new Detective-Remote V4 software have been significantly improved based on testing ORTEC has performed (including tests with Special Nuclear Material). The system can be deployed for a variety of applications including wide area searches, vehicle monitoring (roadways, bridges or tunnels), pedestrian monitoring, or as a high efficiency nuclide identifier with excellent standoff detection. Detective-Remote software offers a universal search tool that can be configured to meet almost any CONOPS requirement. Benefits Accurate Isotope Identification Not effected by changing NORM Backgrounds. Virtually no unidentified peaks. Definitive Identification When HPGe identifies a source, it is an accurate ID. Flexible mapping capability to accurately locate the source. Features Excellent Resolution of HPGe (~40 times better than NaI). New Updated Algorithms. Comprehensive Library with 175 Radioisotopes. Improved Global Mapping. Enhanced Standoff Detection Distance Detect SNM Sources at greater distances. Much better at identifying shielded or masked radioisotopes. Perform wide area searches in less time with better results. Easy To Use One Click built-in reporting capability automatically sends data to Reachback. Easily readable, color coded alarms for threats, innocent sources, and NORM. Easy to store data and replay previous surveys. System self calibrates and monitors its own state of health. No need to calibrate. Flexible Deployment Scenarios Can be deployed in a variety of configurations such as wide area searches, choke points, vehicle monitoring, pedestrian monitoring and clandestine applications. Detectors can be used in standalone mode (without the computer) and still ID sources. Low Total Cost of Ownership System monitors and maintains its calibrations based on background K-40. No need for costly recalibrations. Fewer false positive alarms saves time and money by eliminating costly responses. Detects threats that other systems may miss, minimizing false negative alarms. Superior resolution of HPGe allows much better signal to noise ratio and better standoff detection distance. Tested and proven algorithms for HPGe based on extensive testing done with RIIDs and Portals. Designed based on customer feedback and voice of the customer surveys. Easy to view screens and threat sources. Automatically stabilizes on K-40 background to ensure system is properly calibrated. Configurable views provide customization to support various missions and CONOPS. Small size and weight of individual Detective products combined with software that can accommodate a multitude of configurations. Designed to be operated by non technical personnel. No periodic calibrations required. Designed to minimize false positive alarms. HPGe detectors provide better detection and identification of SNM threats. 2

73 Detective-Remote TM Informative User Interface Detective-Remote software is designed to be a simple to use application for operating hardware in mobile detection and identification applications. The system user interface is focused on three modes of operation, Search, Stand-In, and Review. Each mode of operation is slightly different but intentionally designed to support all phases of a nuclear search mission. The Detective-Remote software application provides multiple levels of control and operation of the system. The standard configuration is Search Mode which is an easy user interface that monitors for radionuclides over several configurable integration times. The integration times can be set to accommodate multiple CONOPS where short and long count times may be required for a particular mission. The instrument collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against a user selectable sliding average. This mode is more sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. A Stand-In mode is also available in the Detective-Remote software to support longer acquisition times. The system collects a spectrum based on a long integration or acquisition time. This mode is ideal for operations that support interrogation or longer inspection times such as maritime searches or secondary scans. A Review mode is available to provide users with a complete second by second timeline review of previously acquired surveys and searches. This mode is suitable for reviewing information about an alarm or event that requires adjudication. 3

74 Detective-Remote TM Detective-Remote in Use, the Simple Operator Interface The Detective-Remote software system is easy to use with minimal training required. The system automatically begins collecting data and analyzing information in real time. If an alarm limit is exceeded, an alarm notification occurs showing the alarm condition. All alarms must be acknowledged or they will persist. Data Collection, Analysis, and Storage Surveys The Detective-Remote system performs radiation surveys that identify the source of radiation, based on the radionuclide identification library. A survey is a record of all the spectroscopic data, location data (if a GPS is being used), and analysis results collected over a period of time. Survey Data Capture and Analysis Whenever the User Interface and Analysis programs are running, and the Instrument(s) are transmitting data, the system continuously monitors all of the radionuclides in the library, and posts IDs and alarms as appropriate. Each Detective instrument is polled approximately once per second. As mentioned earlier the algorithm combines the data from multiple detectors for the most sensitive and accurate detection and identifications. The survey database records the following for complete retrieval: Raw spectrum data from each detector, collected at least once per second. A list of the identifications that were present along with their confidence values and the combination of detectors and data integrators that produced each identification. The time and GPS coordinates associated with the data. Signal Index and Threat Index values. Mobile and Chokepoint Search Area Monitoring Search Maritime Search Radiological Emergency Response Search 4

75 Detective-Remote TM Threat and Signal Indexes In the measurements tab (below), the lower part of the display shows Threat and Signal Indices in order to alert the operator to changes in the gamma-ray flux below the alarm level that might otherwise go unnoticed in a survey. The Threat Index is an indication of the current highest peak confidence level currently occurring for any of the nuclides designated as threat in the table of nuclides. The Signal Index is similar, but count rate related. A raised Threat or Signal Index indicates where stationary measurements or further investigations should be performed. Real-Time Alarm Indicator Each time an alarm is generated, an alarm ID and the corresponding alarm color are posted in the Event or Alarm window in chronological order. The application also provides a user configurable POP-UP alarm dialog box along with audio indicating to the user that an alarm event has occurred. If multiple alarms are generated at one time, they are presented highest priority first. 5

76 Detective-Remote TM Detective-Remote in Use, Global Mapping Solution The Detective-Remote Software includes a universal open mapping capability designed to support nuclear search anywhere in the world. The mapping capability supports Vector, Raster, and Online maps. Online and Offline Map Availability Detective-Remote provides users the ability to operate with offline and online map images. This ability provides easy on the fly switching between locally hosted road maps, and online aerial images. User Configurable and Selectable Map Solutions A new Map Server solution is now available to customers to ensure the high quality mapping needed for many search applications is available. The mapping service provides a complete global map set that is updated on a regular basis, and automatically updates the Detective-Remote systems when changes occur. Detective-Remote mapping service also provides users the ability to add Google, Bing, and ESRI maps through a simple configuration utility. Real-time and Historical Map View Capability Detective-Remote offers a simple search and data reviewing tool. The software leverages the simple mapping interface and provides the user with all measurement and alarm data as well as the mapping history of the search. 6

77 Detective-Remote TM Alarm Icons, Breadcrumb Trail, Status The Detective-Remote mapping solution is much more than a simple location of measurement data. It is a situational awareness tool to simplify a user s mission. Users can monitor alarms, measurements, and the count rate information completely from the mapping tab. It is not necessary to watch multiple screens, making it easier for users to perform multiple tasks. Zoom In and Out Capability Including Truncated Alarms The Detective-Remote mapping capability includes a truncated alarm icon to support zoom in and out functionality. As alarms can be present in a single location or area as the map is zoomed out, an alarm icon with a corresponding number provides the user with a representation of the number of alarms that exist at that location. Zone of Detection Detective-Remote includes a new mapping capability that will provide users an additional visual awareness feature that aids in determining the direction or location of an alarm. The Detection Zone capability is a simple, but very effective way of Indicating to users an estimated area of a potential threat based on an alarm. As users continue to drive in a specific direction, the Detection Zone will continue to show the area of search. 7

78 Detective-Remote TM Reachback Process Detective-Remote comes standard with an easy to use reachback process that enables users to quickly and easily send alarm information, spectroscopy data, and detailed parameters about the potential threat to fusion or command centers designated as reachback support service areas. Any alarm can be selected from the list of events and with a right click of the mouse or a touch screen selection will launch the reachback information form that the user can populate with his specific information about the alarm. All data and information associated with the alarm is packaged in a formatted that can be sent to a pre-configured address. The integrated reachback process is designed to provide users with the ability to monitor, capture and send representative information about an alarm or suspect alarm with little to no typing for keyboard control. Users select the alarm from the event list Right click to run reachback A pre-configured form is opened for review by the user User presses send, and an containing all of the spectra and associated information is sent to their pre-configured fusion center. The reachback form is completely configurable and can contain specific information that an agency may want as part of their adjudication protocol. The containing the information required by the reachback personnel is simple and easy to recognize. The configuration supports multiple agencies operating in a single location. 8

79 Detective-Remote TM Detective-Remote Radionuclide Library The following table lists the threat and innocent identifications for the standard identification mode. THREAT INNOCENT INNOCENT INNOCENT INNOCENT INNOCENT INNOCENT Am-241 (shielded) Ac-225 Cf-252/Cf-249 Ga-64 (shielded) Ir-192 (shielded) Pd-103 Tc-99M Am-241 Ac-227 Cm-242 Ga-67 Os-194/Ir-194 Rh-105 Te-132 Am-241 (59.5 kev) Ag-110m Cm-243 Ge-68/Ga-68 Ir-194 (shielded) Ru-97 Tl-201 Enriched Uranium Ar-41 Cm-244 Gd-153 K-40 Ru-106/Rh-106 Tl-200 HEU As-72 Co-56 (shielded) Gd-159 Kr-87 Po-210 Tl-202 Neutron Cr {0} As-74 Co-55 Hf-181 Kr-88 Pr-144 Tl-204 Neutrons Present At-211 Co-56 Hg-203 Kr-88 (shielded) Ra-223 Th-229 Np-237 Au-198 Co-57 Ho-166m La-140 Ra-226 Th-230 Pu-239 Ba-133 Co-58 Ho-166m (shielded) Lu-172 Ru-103 Th-232 U-232 Ba-140 Co-60 Ho-166 Lu-176 Sb-124 Tm-170 U-233 Be-7 Cr-51 I-123 Lu-177 Sb-124 (shielded) Tm-171 U-235 Bi-207 Cs-131 I-123 (shielded) Lu-177M Sb-125 U-232/Th-232 U-238 Suspect (LCX Mode only) 186 Peak Present 375/414 Peak Present Bi-212 (Th232/U232 Cs-134 I-124 Mn-52 Sb-127 W-188/Re-188 daughter) Bi-214 (Ra226 daughter) Cs-137 I-125 Mn-54 Sc-46 Xe-127 Br-76 Cu-64 I-126 Mn-56 Se-75 Xe-133 Br-76 (shielded) Cu-67/Ga-67 I-126 (shielded) Mo-99 Sm-153 Xe-131M Br-76 (heavily shielded) Eu-152 I-131 Na-22 Sm-153 (shielded) Xe-135 Br-77 Eu-154 I-131 (shielded) Na-24 Sn-113 Y-88 Ca-47 Eu-155 I-132 Nb-94 Sr-82/Rb-82 Y-91 Cd-109 Eu-156 I-133 Nb-95 Sr-85 Yb-169 Cd-115 F-18 I-134 Nb-96 (shielded) Sr-89 Zn-65 Ce-139 Neutrons on Fe I-135 Nd-147 Sr-90/Sr-89/ Y-90 Zn-62 Ce-141 Elevated radiation or beta emitter In-111 Pa-231 Ta-182 Zr-95 Ce-144 Ga-64 Ir-192 Pb-203 Tc-96 9

80 Detective-Remote TM Issues when Searching for Nuclear Threat Sources The capability to search for and identify radiological or nuclear threat sources is a challenging task, especially if the sources have been shielded or masked to avoid detection. It is even more challenging when searching in an urban environment where varying levels of innocent sources of radiation will almost always be present. These innocent radiation sources range from naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) present in soils, rocks, and various building and roadway materials, to people who have recently had a medical diagnostic procedure with short-lived radiopharmaceuticals. It is important to be able to distinguish innocent medical or industrial radioactive sources from potential threat sources. ORTEC has met this difficult challenge by using large High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors with the new Detective-Remote Version 4 software. This combination greatly improves the performance and the fidelity over ORTEC s previous generation Radiation Search Systems. The new Detective Remote V4 software has completely revamped algorithms that benefit from all the testing ORTEC has done with high resolution hand-held RIIDs and spectroscopic portal monitors. Detective Remote V4 not only increases the passive stand-off detection distances, it allows better detection of shielded and masked threat sources, especially in major cities where background levels can constantly change. When performing a wide area search, it is desirable to have a system that can find the specific threat source, without false alarms caused by changing NORM backgrounds or other medical/industrial radioisotopes. The ideal mobile nuclear search system detects and locate both innocent sources and threat sources in real time and correctly identifies each source. To accomplish this task, ORTEC evaluated all available detector types and chose High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors because they offer superior standoff detection distances and are capable of nuclide specific identification with significantly fewer false positive results. ORTEC has developed a new ruggedized Detective-200 that builds on the success the Detective family of handheld RIIDs which have been widely deployed around the globe for nuclear interdiction. Due to the excellent sensitivity and selectivity, these instruments are better at detecting and identifying shielded or masked radioactive sources than methods employing other detector technologies. The advances ORTEC has made in ruggedizing HPGe detection systems has enabled these systems to be adapted for use in aerial, vehicular, or maritime search system configurations, or as fixed choke point monitors. Nuclear interdiction systems require good sensitivity (necessary to find the source), coupled with high selectivity (for highconfidence source identification). The HPGe detectors used in ORTEC s mobile radiological search systems are the goldstandard for nuclear search and identification systems. They are highly sensitive and quickly confirm the presence of nuclear materials, while being optimally selective so that they can easily distinguish threat sources from naturally-occurring sources, or innocent sources such as medical radioisotopes. HPGe detectors have the highest resolution of any radiation detector available. An array of HPGe detectors not only has better ID capabilities than currently deployed technology, but the superior resolution extends the passive detection distance for SNM and shielded SNM. Recent advances have revolutionized the applications where HPGe technology can be deployed. Advances in solid-state electronics and particularly in digital signal processing over the past few years have dramatically reduced the size, complexity, operating power, and cost of the electronics required to support HPGe detectors. ORTEC has developed and patented noise rejection techniques that minimize the electronic noise which may be encountered. ORTEC s high resolution HPGe detectors are designed to operate and survive the shock or vibration the system might encounter during deployments. ORTEC also has extensive experience in integrating and deploying miniature, low-power, high reliability cryogenic coolers which replace liquid nitrogen as the cooling, and has now developed a next generation Stirling cooler with an extremely long useful life and the ability to operate reliably for years 10

81 Detective-Remote TM While ORTEC hardware advances have been significant, the overall system performance relies heavily on sophisticated software algorithms to detect and identify nuclear threats. This is one area where ORTEC s capabilities are unparalleled in the industry. ORTEC has a team of nuclear physicists, software engineers, and applications experts who have combined technical resources over the past few years to significantly improve the performance of the SNM identification algorithms. After each government sponsored test ORTEC participates in, ORTEC revises and updates the software algorithms in our products. ORTEC recently made a major algorithm improvement in the Detective-Remote V4 software. In testing, the new Detective- Remote V4 software now accurately detects and identifies extremely low quantities of radioisotopes that previously would not have been detected. ORTEC utilized their hardware and software expertise to develop the Detective-200, an integral component of the ORTEC Mobile Search System. The Detective-200 is a completely integrated HPGe detector system that builds on the success of the Detective family of products with over a thousand systems now deployed around the world. The Detective-200 incorporates a large HPGe crystal (85 mm x 30 mm), new Detective software algorithms, a ruggedized Stirling cooler, and signal processing electronics into a flexible package designed for extreme environments. The Detective-200 is designed to survive extremes in shock and vibration (drop test video available). The system is dustproof and waterproof, IP 67 compliant, and ANSI N42.43 compliant. Each detector module includes smart digital stabilization (to avoid gain shifts) and is capable of continuously self-monitoring. The modular design allows for maximum flexibility in configuring systems or sub-systems to mission-specific needs. Multiple Detective-200s may be configured into arrays and employed for specific applications. 11

82 Detective-Remote TM Ordering Information DET-REMOTE-MOB-SYS Detective-Remote software with Detective software update, Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETDX Includes 2 each DETDX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma Only) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. DETDX Includes 4 each DETDX-200 Ultra-High-Sensitivity, Ruggedized, Transportable HPGe Radioisotope Identifiers (Gamma Only) with AC/DC power adapter charger, automobile power cable, external battery kit, and wheeled transport case, and 1 each Detective-Remote software with Laptop computer, external GPS, and MAESTRO software. Consult the factory for additional neutron detection options. ORTEC Tel. (865) Fax (865) ortec.info@ametek.com 801 South Illinois Ave., Oak Ridge, TN U.S.A. For International Office Locations, Visit Our Website Specifications subject to change

83 Micro-Detective Ultra-Light, High-Fidelity Hand-Held Radioisotope Identifier

84 Micro-Detective Accurate nuclide identification based on high resolution gamma spectroscopy with confirmatory neutron detection. Definitive detection of illicit special nuclear materials (SNM) trafficking in seconds, in a battery operated instrument. Fast, Simple and ULTRA-Reliable Classification of NORM,,, SNM and Natural isotopes, shielded and unshielded: ANSI N42-34 compliant. Multiple uses (e.g.): Hand-Held Nuclide Identifier, Emergency Whole- Body Counter, Ad-hoc Portal Monitor, Search System, Food Monitor. Gamma-Ray, SNM and Neutron Search Modes. Rugged design for rough handling: dust and water proof (IP67 capable). USB and Wireless communications; built in GPS. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Secure Digital (SDIO) slot. Latest Improvements Operating time of up to 5 hours on single battery. Snap-open battery door for rapid battery exchange with minimal down-time. New improved silent running, low-power cryo-cooler. Detective-Pro Integration Tool Kit sends information directly to remote, third-party applications. Introduction The latest version Micro-Detective products build on the ORTEC pedigree of HPGe nuclide identifiers which began with the introduction of the ORTEC Detective in response to the 9-11 aftermath and the realization that it was vital to provide an effective solution to the problem of potential illicit trafficking of nuclear materials by terrorists. Since 2004, the ORTEC Detective product line capabilities have broadened in scope and now cover a range from large installed freight monitoring systems, search systems and the light weight Micro-Detective products for in-field hand-held operation. All share the same ORTEC HPGe technology and advanced Detective analysis algorithms. In the latest version Micro-Detective and Micro-Detective-DX instruments, new technology provides an impressive increase in the lifetime of the internal battery: up to 66% longer or 5 hours typical operation on a single charge. A new snap open battery door allows an exhausted battery to be replaced in seconds and the instrument re-started with a full battery with almost no interruption to operation. A new generation low-power cryo-cooler provides silent running operation and improved operational lifetime. A Long and Distinguished Pedigree ORTEC Detective products are already deployed widely in the battle against illicit nuclear trafficking. Hundreds are being used worldwide by (among others): Departments of Homeland Security Emergency Management Teams Departments of Defense Civil Support Teams National Security Organizations Police Departments Bomb Disposal Teams Nuclear Safeguards Organizations Airport Security Organizations Emergency Response Teams Nuclear Fuel Manufacturers Customs and Border Control Nuclear Researchers Navy, Army and Air Forces US NNSA second line of defense Megaports initiative International Atomic Energy Agency 2

85 Micro-Detective Hardware There are two models of Micro-Detective available: Micro-Detective: Lightweight, Portable HPGe Identifier with Gamma and Neutron detection. Micro-Detective-DX: Gamma only version of the Micro-Detective. Both models of the Micro-Detective feature the same compact, light weight and rugged hardware. A 50 mm diameter HPGe crystal in a hardened cryostat is cooled by an integrated low-power Stirling-cycle cryo-cooler. The latest revision Micro-Detective features a new cooler offering reduced levels of acoustic noise and vibration, and longer operation life. The hardened cryostat is entirely free of conventional molecular sieve allowing the instrument to be turned off or on at any point in the detector cool-down or warm-up cycle without risk. This is impossible with conventional HPGe cryostat systems which require careful temperature cycling procedures to avoid damage. A built-in digital MCA system and powerful data processor are included. All models feature the same bright and clear VGA resolution display, readable in direct sunlight, with a touch sensitive operator screen. Menu navigation is highly intuitive. The radionuclide gamma-ray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) like a conventional multichannel analyzer. Gamma and neutron count rate and gamma dose rate are displayed continuously both numerically and in bar graph form. In the latest version, the Micro-Detective internal battery provides enough power for up to 5 hours of operation and is easily replaced in seconds, allowing continuous in-field operation. At just under 16 lbs. in weight, the Micro-Detective sets a world record for portable, high resolution nuclide identifiers, by a wide margin. The snap-open battery compartment makes battery changing simple. Analysis Capabilities Since initial introduction of the first Detective instruments, identification performance capabilities have iteratively been improved through taking part in many independent performance testing programs. These programs are sponsored by governmental and international organizations, such as the US DTRA, the IAEA, and most recently the on-going international ITRAP-plus 10 testing program. Micro-Detective performance has continued to advance as a result of these rigorous test programs. As the needs and best practices of deploying organizations have also evolved, Detective software features have expanded to meet these new requirements. Desktop battery charger (MICRO-DET-ACC-CHGR). Recharges battery (MICRO-DET-ACC-BAT) in ~5 hours. 3

86 Micro-Detective Summary of Operational Features (refer to Technical Specifications for more detail) Three Search Modes : Gamma/neutron total count rate SNM Search mode Sliding average monitor mode User choice of identification schemes: Classify Mode (by nuclide type: nuclear, natural, medical, industrial, etc. ) ANSI mode Classify Mode. Time preset or continuous count selectable to match CONOPS Suspected Nuclides (not in preset mode) More sensitive LCX mode for SNM detection SNM Search Mode. Background collect feature eliminates reporting of background nuclides. Smart spectrum stabilizer ensures optimum results, even with hard-to-analyze spectra. ANSI N42.42 format storage of spectra. ANSI Mode. Calibration and Stabilization The instrument is calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. The energy calibration may be checked and adjusted with any known source with a clean gamma ray between 0 and 3 MeV. A higher energy is recommended. Cs-137 is often used. Calibration can be manual or automatic. Background collection is a required part of calibration. By allowing for activities already in the background, the system will not report nuclides detected in the background. The background must be updated on a schedule which is chosen by the privileged user. SMART Stabilizer The smart stabilizer stabilizes the gain very precisely on the 1460 kev peak of K-40, if present. If there is no K-40 present or if Eu-152 is detected, which could interfere with the K-40 peak, the stabilizer setting is held but not adjusted until normal conditions return. Even though the Detective is a highly stable instrument, the smart stabilizer allows accurate determination of more complicated mixed spectra. 4

87 Micro-Detective Optional Software for the Micro-Detective The Micro-Detective is fully supported by the latest versions of the highly successful MAESTRO MCA Emulator as well as ORTEC Gamma Spectroscopy Packages such as GammaVision for generalized HPGe spectrum analysis, FRAM and MGAHI for Pu and U isotopic ratio analysis and ISOPlus for in-situ waste assay analysis. The integral USB connection in the instrument hardware provides full PC control, real-time live MCA display, fast data transfer of single and multiple spectra to the PC, and full ORTEC CONNECTIONS network support. Separate brochures are available on request. PLEASE NOTE: MAESTRO is supplied as part of packages containing "PKG" in the model number, or it can be purchased separately at a later date. The Micro-Detective is a member of the ORTEC CONNECTIONS family. Remote MCA control and individual spectrum download, even over a network, is achieved simply, by the use of ORTEC CONNECTIONS products such as MAESTRO MCA Emulation software. Multiple spectra may be block-transferred from the instrument controller to an external PC by the use of Microsoft ActiveSync. Third party products such SOTI Pocket Controller Enterprise may be used to implement the wireless feature to provide remote wireless control of the complete instrument. Mobile MCB Server The Mobile MCB Server software application enables any ORTEC portable instrument installed with a PDA to communicate wirelessly with ORTEC software applications such as MAESTRO, GammaVision, and Detective-Remote. The Mobile MCB Server acts like a wireless version of the USB connection, allowing users to control and monitor any portable spectrometer through a wireless network. Users can develop their own applications through the use of the optional A11 tool kit. 5

88 Micro-Detective Technical Specifications: Hardware RADIATION DETECTORS The Micro-Detective includes three separate radiation detector subsystems: A high resolution high purity germanium (HPGe) detector for nuclide identification. A compensated GM Tube for dose rate. A moderated neutron detector (absent on DX model). HPGe Detector P-type high-purity germanium. Coaxial construction. Crystal Nominal Dimensions: 50 mm diameter x 33 mm (±10%) deep. Cryostat/Cooler: Hardened cryostat, with high reliability, lowpower Stirling Cooler. The cryostat design is such that the Micro-Detective may be switched off at any time and power subsequently re-applied, without having to wait for a full thermal cycle (full warm up before cool down), as is normal practice with a HPGe detector system. This feature greatly increases system availability during measurement campaigns. Digital Noise Suppression: LFR Filter. HPGe Cool Down Time: The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between making measurements the unit is powered from a DC supply, car battery or other high capacity device. Initial cool down time depends on ambient temperature, but is typically <12 hours at 25 C. Gamma Dose Rate Detector Two detectors determine the gamma dose rate over a wide range from <0.05 µsv/h to >10,000 µsv/h, a dose-rate range of around six decades. For low dose rates, below ~20 µsv/h, the dose rate is determined from the Ge detector spectrum. For dose rates above this value, the internal compensated GM tube is used. Instrument switches between the two automatically. Dose rate uncertainty <( 50% to +100%); continuous audible alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/h (fixed maximum threshold), user settable threshold below this. Neutron Detector Module (non -DX model only) Single tube: 4" active length, 0.5" diameter. High Density Polyethylene moderator. DIGITAL MCA AND DATA PROCESSOR Display VGA 640 x 480 TFT sunlight readable touch sensitive, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor Marvel 806 MHz XScale. Data Storage (Spectrum, Search Data, ID Results) To internal RAM and removable SD card. Communications Ports External connectivity to system: 1 SD (Secure Digital) card slot (3.3 V). 1 USB connection for "ActiveSync" capability or MCA operation with external computer (ActiveSync and remote display software included). WiFi communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software 1 Audio headphone jack. Computer Interfacing USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Remote control via Microsoft remotedsp.exe (supplied). Wi-fi (802.11) communication software. GPS Internal NMEA compliant WAAS capable. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data. Smart digital spectrum gain stabilizer. Digital Noise Suppression LFR Filter. Conversion Gain 8k channel. Storage of Data (spectrum, search data, ID results) To internal RAM and removable SD card. Maximum Number of stored spectra unlimited on removable media. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Maximum Overall Dimensions (including handle, Ge detector end cap and shock absorbers) 14.7 L x 5.75 W x 11 H (37.4 cm L x 14.6 cm W x 27.9 cm H) Height with handle removed 9.23 (23.4 cm). Weight 15.2 lbs (6.9 kg) Internal Battery Lithium Ion, 14.4 V, 6.2 Ah, 89 Wh, nominal. Up to 5 hours of battery life at 25 C when HPGe detector is cold. <4 hour time to charge. Internal battery is easily swapped through removal of snap shut battery door. External Battery Option Battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of external battery packs. DETECTIVE-OPT-15 is recommended, weighs less than 3.25 lbs and extends lifetime to >10 hrs. Input Power 10 to 17 V DC from battery or DC power supply (universal mains supply included). Battery charger circuit is inside instrument. External battery charger option also available. Power Usage Strongest during cool down: <100 Watt. While charging battery: 5A nominal. Cold with fully charged battery <2A. External Power DC Input and battery Charge Input. 2.5 mm coaxial connector with locking screw on collar. Temperature Operation Range: 10 C to 40 C. Relative Humidity: <90% at 35 C, non-condensing. Instrument Enclosure is sealed against ingress of dust and water. All perforations are sealed by rubber plugs (connectors, memory cards, etc.). 6

89 Micro-Detective Technical Specifications: Operation Modes SEARCH Scanning mode for location of radioactive sources, with audio alert using an external ear piece. Both neutron and gamma search is simultaneous; speed settings 0.1 to 50 seconds/point: Neutron counts are displayed in red and gamma counts in blue. MONITOR Mode The instrument collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against an 8 second sliding average. This mode is more sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. IDENTIFY Gamma Proprietary scheme for identification and classification of radionuclides. Background subtraction. ANSI Mode See following nuclide list. Preset Time counting allows for CONOPS* in which it is required to count for a preset time, e.g., 60 seconds. At the end of the preset period, only what has been found is reported, no suspects are reported. The operator can request a count time extension, if desired, adding multiples of the original preset period. Classify Mode Nuclides classified according to:,, Natural (NORM), and Nuclear. Classifications are based on an internal, fixed library according to ANSI N Customized libraries for specific applications can be supplied by special order. SNM Search Mode Nuclide-specific search mode for U-235, Pu-239 and neutron counts. Ba-133 surrogate detection may be turned on for training purposes. Bar graph display of nuclide confidence level. An aid to Identify mode. LCX (Low Confidence Expert) ID Mode Intended for expert users. Displays suspected threat alarms and identifications at a lower confidence level than ANSI and Classify modes. Results in more hits on suspected threat nuclides. Password protected. Dose Rate Visual over range indication and continuous audible alarm, user settable. Over-ride alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/hr. Neutron Count Rate (if applicable) Displayed continuously. Data can be quickly saved and transmitted for further off site analysis. GPS Position Information Internal GPS receiver displays GPS coordinates which may be saved along with spectrum data for future use. 7

90 Micro-Detective Technical Specifications: Instrument Nuclide ID Messages: Classify Mode The form of the primary ID messages is: "Found CLASS(#)" or "Suspect CLASS(#)" where CLASS is NORM Bremsstrahlung Nuclear Uranium Nuclear Plutonium Nuclear Neptunium And "#" is the number of nuclides of that class identified. The table lists the Detective Library v8.5 radionuclides according to their categories in the Classify ID mode. Classify Mode Message Rationale The following explains the criteria for selected Classify ID Display Mode messages. HEU (highly enriched uranium): This message is displayed if the major lines of uranium are detected and the ratios of the intensities of the lines indicates the U-235 content to be above about 70%. Am241 (unshielded) in the category: This message is displayed if the 59 kev peak is located. It could mean that an Am-241 source such as a smoke detector is present. Move closer to the source and/or count longer. This will allow the higher-energy gamma rays to accumulate in the spectrum, in case plutonium is also present. Unknown Peak and Unknown/Beta Emitter: This indicates the gamma count rate is higher than can be accounted for based on the peaks in the library. The implication is that either an unexpected nuclide or a beta emitter is present (beta emitters typically producing counts over a broad range of energies). Move closer to the source and count longer to determine the nature of the suspect item. If another ID is found, then the Unknown Peak or the Unknown/Beta Emitter ID are suppressed. Found Nuclide Screen Messages RDD Detected: This message is posted when estimated activity is >100 mci, whether the activity is from threat or innocent nuclides. The gamma count-rate and dose-rate meters on the Survey Mode and ID Mode screens display a flashing red background and extremely high count and dose rates. Classification Am-241 Am-241 (unshielded) Cs-137 Ho-166m Ho-166m (shielded) Ir-192 Ir-192 (shielded) W-187 Ac-227 Ag-110m Ar-41 As-72 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-115 Ce-144 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-55 Co-57 Co-57 (shielded) Co-60 Cs-134 Hf-181 Hg-203 I-126 I-126 (shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (shielded) Mn-52 Mn-56 Nb-92m Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nb-96 (shielded) Nd-147 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pr-144 Ra-223 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sr-85/Kr-85 Tc-96 Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Tm-171 W-188/Re-188 Classification F-18 I-125 Lu-177 Lu-177m Mo-99 Pd-103 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Tc-99m Xe-133 Ac-225 As-74 Ce-139 Ce-141 Co-58 Ga-67 Ga-67 (shielded) Ge-68/Ga-68 I-123 I-123 (shielded) I-124 I-131 I-131 (shielded) In-111 Lu-172 Na-24 Rb-83 Rb-86 Ru-106/Rh-106 Sc-46 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-89 Tl-201 Tl-204 Tm-170 V-48 Xe-133m Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 Classification NORM La-138 Ra-226 Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) K-40 Lu-176 Th-232 Classification Cr-51 Cu-64 Eu-152 Gd-159 La-140 Mn-54 Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta emitter Xe-131m At-211 Bi-207 Br-76 Br-76 (heavily shielded) Br-76 (shielded) Cd-109 Co-56 Co-56 (shielded) Eu-154 Eu-155 Eu-156 Fe-59 Ga-64 Ga-64 (shielded) Gd-153 Ho-166 Ir-194 (shielded) Na-22 Neutrons Os-194/Ir-194 Po-210 Sn-113 Ta-182 Tl-200 Tl-202 Xe-135 Y-88 Classification Bremsstrahlung Beta emitter Classification Nuclear Uranium Enriched Uranium HEU U-232 U-233 U-235 U kev peak present 2614 kev peak present Classification Nuclear Plutonium Pu-239 Pu /414 peak present Am-241 (shielded) Classification Nuclear Neptunium Np-237 8

91 Micro-Detective Technical Specifications: Instrument Nuclide ID Messages: ANSI Mode The table below is divided according to the threat category used to determine ID background color in Monitor Mode and on the Found and Suspect Nuclide reports, e.g., green for innocent IDs, yellow for LCX-mode suspects, and red for threats. NB: if desired and under password protection, the color coding, and therefore the threat classification can be disabled. Identification Classification Innocent Ac-225 Ac-227 Ag-110m Am-241 (unshielded) Ar-41 As-72 As-74 At-211 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Beta emitter Bremsstrahlung Bi-207 Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter) Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) NORM Br-76 Br-76 (heavily shielded) Br-76 (shielded) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-109 Cd-115 Ce-139 Ce-141 Ce-144 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-55 Co-56 Co-56 (shielded) Co-57 Co-57 (shielded) Co-58 Co-60 Cr-51 Cs-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Cu-64 Cu-67/Ga-67 Eu-152 Eu-152 Eu-154 Eu-156 F-18 Fe-59 Ga-64 Ga-64 (shielded) Ga-67 Ga-67 (shielded) Gd-153 Gd-159 Ge-68/Ga-68 Hf-181 Hg-203 Ho-166 Ho-166m Ho-166m (shielded) I-123 I-123 (shielded) I-124 I-125 I-126 I-126 (shielded) I-131 I-131 (shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 In-111 Ir-192 Ir-192 (shielded) Ir-194 (shielded) K-40 NORM Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (shielded) La-138 NORM La-140 Lu-172 Lu-176 NORM Lu-177 Lu-177m Mn-52 Mn-54 Mn-56 Mo-99 Na-22 Na-24 Nb-92m Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nb-96 (shielded) Nd-147 Os-194/Ir-194 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pd-103 Po-210 Pr-144 Ra-223 Ra-226 NORM Rb-83 Rb-86 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-106/Rh-106 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sc-46 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Sn-113 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-85/Kr-85 Sr-89 Ta-182 Tc-96 Tc-99m Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Th-232 Thorium Tl-200 Tl-201 Tl-202 Tl-204 Tm-170 Tm-171 V-48 W-187 W-188/Re-188 Xe-127 Xe-131m Xe-133 Xe-133m Xe-135 Y-88 Y-91 Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 Suspect (LCX Mode only) 186 kev peak present Uranium 2614 kev peak present Uranium 375/414 peak present Plutonium Threat Am-241 Am-241 (shielded) Plutonium Enriched Uranium Uranium HEU Uranium Neutrons Neutrons CR Neutron Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Np-237 Neptunium Pu-238 Plutonium Pu-239 Plutonium U-232 Uranium U-233 Uranium U-235 Uranium U-238 Uranium Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta emitter 9

92 Micro-Detective Gamma-Ray Identification Performance Data for Uranium and Plutonium (Typical values based on data obtained from actual measurements by ORTEC personnel.) Single Sources Unless otherwise stated, these data were taken at a standard dose rate from the source of 500 nsv/h measured with a calibrated dose rate meter at the instrument detector face according to ANSI N When an absorber was present, the dose rate at the detector was measured THROUGH the absorber. Unshielded and Shielded Uranium: DU, U-NAT, LEU, HEU The time to identify as uranium, either unshielded or shielded by up to 5 mm steel, is <2.5 sec. For LEU and HEU samples, the type ("LEU" or "HEU") is also reported in <2.5 sec. LEU and HEU samples shielded by 1.6 mm lead are identified as Uranium in <2.5 sec. Unshielded and Shielded Plutonium: Weapons Grade (WG), Reactor Grade (RG) (~60 93% 239 Pu) Time to identify as Pu, unshielded or shielded by up to 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead: <13 seconds for all types of Pu (with Cd filter if high Am content). For WG Pu the type "WG Pu" is also reported in less than <35 sec. Mixtures In all cases, the mixture consists of 500 nsv/h of the "mask" nuclide, added to the specified quantity of uranium or plutonium. The "dose ratio threshold" is defined to be the standard 500 nsv/h dose rate from the mask in ratio to the smallest dose rate from U or Pu detectable in the time stated. Uranium at 500 nsv/h in the presence of Cs-137 or Co-57 mask (unshielded) Time to identify as uranium <2.5 sec. For LEU and HEU, the type ("LEU" or "HEU") is also reported in <2.5 sec. Uranium Dose ratio threshold for 60 second measurement in the presence of Cs-137 or Co-57 mask (Dose from mask: Dose from uranium) >7:1 for identification as uranium unshielded >3:1 shielded 5 mm steel. >2:1 for reporting as LEU or HEU unshielded >1.5:1 shielded 5 mm steel. Plutonium at 500 nsv/h in the presence of Ba-133 mask Time to identify as Pu <20 sec, unshielded or shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead. Identified type as RG Pu or WG Pu in <100 sec. Plutonium Dose ratio threshold for 5 minute measurement in the presence of Ba-133 mask >6:1 for identification as Pu unshielded, >4:1 shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead. >1:1 for reporting as WG Pu or RG Pu unshielded or shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm steel (with Cd filter if high Am content). 10

93 Micro-Detective Ordering Information Model MICRO-DETECTIVE MICRO-DET-PKG-1 MICRO-DETECTIVE-DX MICRO-DET-DX-PKG-1 MICRO-DET-OPT-1 MICRO-DET-ACC-BAT MICRO-DET-ACC-CHGR DETDX-EX-MCB-SW DET-SW-UPG Description Lightweight, Portable HPGe Identifier (Gamma and Neutron). Includes GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, softside carry case and Microsoft ActiveSync software. Includes MICRO-DETECTIVE Lightweight, Portable HPGe Identifier (Gamma and Neutron), GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, Microsoft ActiveSync software, MAESTRO software, and hardside wheeled transport case. Lightweight, Portable HPGe Identifier (Gamma ONLY). Includes GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, softside carry case and Microsoft ActiveSync software. Includes MICRO-DETECTIVE-DX Lightweight, Portable HPGe Identifier, GPS, mains adapter, battery cable, shoulder strap, Microsoft ActiveSync software, MAESTRO software, and hardside wheeled transport case. Rugged, waterproof, wheeled transport case. Lithium-ion battery. Standalone battery charger and calibrator kit. Mobile MCB Server add-on software module for existing Detective family instruments installed with a PDA. Upgrade to complete Detective-Pro PDA Software Application package. Further battery charging and upgrade options are available. Note: This brochure relates to instruments with the following revision levels: Micro-Detective Rev.2.B or later Micro-Detective-DX Rev.1.F or later 11

94 Detective-EX-100T and Detective-DX-100T HPGe-based Hand-Held Radioisotope Identifiers

95 Detective-EX/DX-100T The ORTEC Detective family of Hand-Held Radioisotope Identifiers (HHRIDs) has gained an unmatched reputation for performance in the rapid identification of radioisotopes in both suspected and actual cases of illicit nuclear materials trafficking. Detective Version 3 analysis enhancements push the performance envelope even further. ORTEC Detectives are deployed ever more widely in the battle against illicit nuclear trafficking. Hundreds are being used world wide by (among others): Departments of Homeland Security Emergency Management Teams Departments of Defense Civil Support Teams National Security Organizations Police Departments Bomb Disposal Teams Nuclear Safeguards Organizations Emergency Response Teams Nuclear Fuel Manufacturers Customs and Border Control Nuclear Researchers Navy, Army and Air Forces US NNSA second line of defense Megaports initiative International Atomic Energy Agency Benefits Highest performance HPGe nuclide identifier: now improved further by latest advanced algorithms. High resolution gamma spectroscopy 1 with confirmatory neutron detection in EX models. Definitive answers to the detection of illicit nuclear materials (SNM) trafficking in seconds, in a battery operated instrument. Fast, Simple and ULTRA-Reliable Classification of NORM,,, SNM and Natural Isotopes, shielded and unshielded. ANSI N42-34 compliant. Simple to Operate: Bright, Clear Displays, touch sensitive screens, intuitive menus. Multiple uses (e.g.): Hand-Held Nuclide Identifier, Emergency Whole-Body Counter, Ad-hoc Portal Monitor, Search System, Food Monitor. Gamma-Ray and Neutron Search Modes. 2 SNM Search Mode finds SNM sources in the presence of other sources. Compatible with Detective-Remote search system. USB and Wireless Communications. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. Built in GPS. Secure Digital (SDIO) slot. Software Features Three Search Modes : Gamma/neutron total count rate SNM Search mode Sliding average monitor mode User choice of identification schemes Classify Mode (by nuclide type: nuclear, natural, medical, industrial, etc. ) ANSI mode Time preset or continuous count selectable to match CONOPS Suspected Nuclides (not in preset mode) More sensitive LCX mode for SNM detection Background collect feature eliminates reporting of background nuclides. Smart spectrum stabilizer ensures optimum results, even with hard-to-analyze spectra. ANSI N42.42 format storage of spectra. Models Detective-EX-100T: The Detective-EX made faster! A larger 65 mm x 50 mm HPGe detector version of the -EX. Detective-DX-100T: Gamma only versions of the Detective-EX-100T. 1 High resolution High Purity (HPGe) Detector. 2 Neutron detection is only available on EX models. 2

96 Detective-EX/DX-100T Operational Capabilities (all models except where noted) SEARCH MODES: Gamma and neutron (if applicable) count rates are presented as a time tracking strip chart. Neutron counts are displayed in red and gamma counts in blue. MONITOR MODE: Detective collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against an 8 second sliding average. More sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. Monitor mode is a valuable search method, but is also useful, for example, in ad-hoc portal monitoring applications. SNM Search Mode: SNM Search mode is designed to help avoid false negatives when determining SNM. It helps in finding the point of maximum count rate which COULD be consistent with SNM. Key regions of the spectrum are monitored which are critical to the determination of both U-235 (the key constituent of HEU) and Pu-239. The peak region confidence level is displayed in the form of a bar graph. A high and steady reading indicates that "something" is present which is worthy of more investigation. Once the maximum reading has been located, the "confirm" key initiates the full identification algorithm. SNM Search mode is an INDICATOR of SNM but should always be followed by the confirmatory ID to avoid false positives. In combination, SNM Search and ID modes minimize BOTH false negatives and false positives. GAMMA DOSE RATE: Gamma Dose Rate is monitored by the HPGe detector and by an internal compensated GM tube. The dose rate is displayed at all times. Dose rate units may be chosen as µsv/hr or mrem/hr. NEUTRON COUNT RATE (-EX models): Neutron Count Rate is displayed continuously. The data can be quickly saved and transmitted for further offsite analysis. GPS Position Information: An internal GPS receiver displays GPS coordinates which may be saved along with spectrum data for future use. Storage of Data (spectrum, search data, ID results): To internal RAM and removable SD card. Computer Interfacing: USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by MicroSoft ActiveSync. Remote control via MicroSoft remotedsp.exe. Wi-fi (802.11) communication. All models feature a large, bright and clear LCD Display with touch-sensitive screen. The figure shows the main operator screen. Gamma and neutron (-EX) count rate and gamma dose rate are displayed continuously both numerically and in bar graph form. The battery life remaining is shown at the top. Operating Modes In response to customer requests, Detective instruments can now operate in two modes Classify and ANSI. Classify Mode: The user presses the Identify button and the instrument gathers data until manually stopped, without preset. During the acquisition, suspected nuclide classification messages appear, such as Suspect 1, meaning the presence of one industrial nuclide is suspected. As the count continues and confidence levels increase, this might change to Found 1 or disappear as better statistics determine the previously suspected nuclide was not, in fact, present. Clicking on the Found or Suspect message gives a listing of which nuclides were actually found (or suspected) by name. ANSI Mode: This mode is similar to classify mode, but dispenses with the classification, and presents nuclide names directly, both suspect and found. 3

97 Detective-EX/DX-100T Preset Time: This is to allow for CONOPS* in which it is required to count for a preset time, for example 60 seconds. At the end of the preset period, only what has been found is reported, no suspects are reported. The operator can request a count time extension, if desired, adding multiples of the original preset period. LCX (Low-Confidence Expert) ID Mode: LCX mode is password protected. LCX denotes Low Confidence-Expert, and is intended for expert users. This identification mode displays suspected threat alarms and identifications at a lower confidence level than the normal mode. This results in more hits on suspected threat nuclides. Instrument Calibration: The instrument is calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. The energy calibration may be checked and adjusted with any known source with a clean gamma ray between 0 and 3 MeV. A higher energy is recommended. Cs-137 is often used. Calibration can be manual or automatic. Background collection is now a required part of calibration. By allowing for activities already in the background, the system will no longer report nuclides detected in the background. These IDs on former versions sometimes lead to user-confusion. The background must be updated on a schedule which is chosen by the privileged user. SMART Stabilizer: The smart stabilizer stabilizes the gain very precisely on the 1460 kev peak of K-40, if present. The smart part is that if there is no K-40 present or if Eu-152 is detected, which could interfere with the K-40 peak, the stabilizer setting is held but not adjusted until normal conditions return. Even though the Detective is a highly stable instrument, the smart stabilizer allows accurate determination of more complicated mixed spectra. *Concept of Operations. Classify Mode The form of the primary ID messages is: "Found CLASS(#)" or "Suspect CLASS(#)" where CLASS is NORM Bremsstrahlung Nuclear Uranium Nuclear Plutonium Nuclear Neptunium And "#" is the number of nuclides of that class identified. The following table lists the Detective Library v8.5 radionuclides according to their categories in the Classify ID mode. Am-241 Am-241 (unshielded) Cs-137 Ho-166m Ho-166m (shielded) Ir-192 Ir-192 (shielded) W-187 Ac-227 Ag-110m Ar-41 As-72 Au-198 Ba-133 Ba-140 Be-7 Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter) Br-77 Ca-47 Cd-115 Ce-144 Cm-242 Cm-243 Cm-244 Co-55 Co-57 Co-57 (shielded) Co-60 Cs-134 Hf-181 Hg-203 I-126 I-126 (shielded) I-132 I-133 I-134 I-135 Kr-87 Kr-88 Kr-88 (shielded) Mn-52 Mn-56 Nb-92m Nb-94 Nb-95 Nb-96 Nb-96 (shielded) Nd-147 Pa-231 Pb-203 Pr-144 Ra-223 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sr-85/Kr-85 Tc-96 Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Tm-171 W-188/Re-188 4

98 Detective-EX/DX-100T F-18 I-125 Lu-177 Lu-177m Mo-99 Pd-103 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Tc-99m Xe-133 Ac-225 As-74 Ce-139 Ce-141 Co-58 Ga-67 Ga-67 (shielded) Ge-68/Ga-68 I-123 I-123 (shielded) La-138 Ra-226 Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) Cr-51 Cu-64 Eu-152 Gd-159 La-140 Mn-54 Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta emitter Xe-131m At-211 Bi-207 Br-76 Br-76 (heavily shielded) Br-76 (shielded) Cd-109 Co-56 Co-56 (shielded) Beta emitter I-124 I-131 I-131 (shielded) In-111 Lu-172 Na-24 Rb-83 Rb-86 Ru-106/Rh-106 Sc-46 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-89 Tl-201 Tl-204 Tm-170 V-48 Xe-133m Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 NORM K-40 Lu-176 Th-232 Eu-154 Eu-155 Eu-156 Fe-59 Ga-64 Ga-64 (shielded) Gd-153 Ho-166 Ir-194 (shielded) Na-22 Neutrons Os-194/Ir-194 Po-210 Sn-113 Ta-182 Tl-200 Tl-202 Xe-135 Y-88 Bremsstrahlung Enriched Uranium HEU U-232 U-233 Pu-239 Pu-238 Np-237 Nuclear Uranium U-235 U kev peak present 2614 kev peak present Nuclear Plutonium 375/414 peak present Am-241 (shielded) Nuclear Neptunium Classify Mode Messages The following explains the criteria for selected Classify ID Display Mode messages. HEU (highly enriched uranium): This message is displayed if the major lines of uranium are detected and the ratios of the intensities of the lines indicates the U-235 content to be above about 70%. Am241 (unshielded) in the category: This message is displayed if the 59 kev peak is located. It could mean that an Am-241 source such as a smoke detector is present. Move closer to the source and/or count longer. This will allow the higher-energy gamma rays to accumulate in the spectrum, in case plutonium is also present. Unknown Peak and Unknown/Beta Emitter: This indicates the gamma count rate is higher than can be accounted for based on the peaks in the library. The implication is that either an unexpected nuclide or a beta emitter is present (beta emitters typically producing counts over a broad range of energies). Move closer to the source and count longer to determine the nature of the suspect item. If another ID is found, then the Unknown Peak or the Unknown/Beta Emitter ID are suppressed. Found Nuclide Screen Messages RDD Detected: This message is posted when estimated activity is >100 mci, whether the activity is from threat or innocent nuclides. The gamma count rate and dose rate meters on the Survey Mode and ID Mode screens display a flashing red background and extremely high count and dose rates. ANSI Mode Messages The table is divided according to the threat category used to determine ID background color in Monitor Mode and on the Found and Suspect Nuclide reports, e.g., green for innocent IDs, yellow for LCX-mode suspects, and red for threats. NB: if desired and under password protection, the color coding, and therefore the threat classification can be disabled. 5

99 Detective-EX/DX-100T Identification Classification Identification Classification Innocent Ga-64 (shielded) Ac-225 Ga-67 Ac-227 Ga-67 (shielded) Ag-110m Gd-153 Am-241 (unshielded) Gd-159 Ar-41 Ge-68/Ga-68 As-72 Hf-181 As-74 Hg-203 At-211 Ho-166 Au-198 Ho-166m Ba-133 Ho-166m (shielded) Ba-140 I-123 Be-7 I-123 (shielded) Beta emitter Bremsstrahlung I-124 Bi-207 I-125 Bi-212 (Th-232/U-232 daughter) I-126 Bi-214 (Ra-226 daughter) NORM I-126 (shielded) Br-76 I-131 Br-76 (heavily shielded) I-131 (shielded) Br-76 (shielded) I-132 Br-77 I-133 Ca-47 I-134 Cd-109 I-135 Cd-115 In-111 Ce-139 Ir-192 Ce-141 Ir-192 (shielded) Ce-144 Ir-194 (shielded) Cm-242 K-40 NORM Cm-243 Kr-87 Cm-244 Kr-88 Co-55 Kr-88 (shielded) Co-56 La-138 NORM Co-56 (shielded) La-140 Co-57 Lu-172 Co-57 (shielded) Lu-176 NORM Co-58 Lu-177 Co-60 Lu-177m Cr-51 Mn-52 Cs-131 Mn-54 Cs-134 Mn-56 Cs-137 Mo-99 Cu-64 Na-22 Cu-67/Ga-67 Na-24 Eu-152 Nb-92m Eu-152 Nb-94 Eu-154 Nb-95 Eu-156 Nb-96 F-18 Nb-96 (shielded) Fe-59 Nd-147 Ga-64 Os-194/Ir-194 6

100 Detective-EX/DX-100T Identification Classification Identification Classification Pa-231 Pb-203 Pd-103 Po-210 Pr-144 Ra-223 Ra-226 NORM Rb-83 Rb-86 Rh-105 Ru-103 Ru-106/Rh-106 Ru-97 Sb-124 Sb-124 (shielded) Sb-125 Sb-127 Sc-46 Se-75 Sm-153 Sm-153 (shielded) Sn-113 Sr-82/Rb-82 Sr-85/Kr-85 Sr-89 Ta-182 Tc-96 Tc-99m Te-132 Th-229 Th-230 Th-232 Thorium Tl-200 Tl-201 Tl-202 Tl-204 Tm-170 Tm-171 V-48 W-187 W-188/Re-188 Xe-127 Xe-131m Xe-133 Xe-133m Xe-135 Y-88 Y-91 Yb-169 Zn-62 Zn-65 Zr-95 Suspect (LCX Mode only) 186 kev peak present Uranium 2614 kev peak present Uranium 375/414 peak present Plutonium Threat Am-241 Am-241 (shielded) Plutonium Enriched Uranium Uranium HEU Uranium Neutrons Neutrons CR Neutron Neutrons on Fe Neutrons on Hydrogen Np-237 Neptunium Pu-238 Plutonium Pu-239 Plutonium U-232 Uranium U-233 Uranium U-235 Uranium U-238 Uranium Unknown Peak Unknown/Beta emitter 7

101 Detective-EX/DX-100T Display All -EX/-DX models feature the same bright and clear VGA resolution display with touch sensitive operator screen. Menu navigation is highly intuitive. The radionuclide gammaray spectrum may be displayed and manipulated (e.g., vertical scale, zoom) like a conventional multichannel analyzer. Y-axis units are now displayed. Power Sources Detective can draw power from a variety of sources. For initial cool down from ambient temperature, the Detective is placed on the docking station, or attached to the compact AC/Power Adapter/Charger (PAC). The docking station provides small air movers to assist with initial cool down in conditions of high ambient temperature (>40 C) and incorporates a source holder for the optional CS-137 calibration check source. The docking station is recommended for high ambient temperatures. The PAC is the much more compact solution. K-40, as found in dietary salt substitute, is an easy to obtain calibration check source for use with the PAC. The optional source is ~0.25-µCi (9250 Bq) solid and sealed. It is an exempt quantity under U.S. and European regulations and is only supplied pre-installed by ORTEC (not separately). Gamma-Ray Identification Performance Data for Uranium and Plutonium (Typical values based on data obtained from actual measurements by ORTEC personnel.) Single Sources Unless otherwise stated, these data were taken at a standard dose rate from the source of 500 nsv/h measured with a calibrated dose rate meter at the instrument detector face according to ANSI N When an absorber was present, the dose rate at the detector was measured THROUGH the absorber. Unshielded and Shielded Uranium: DU, U-NAT, LEU, HEU The time to identify as uranium, either unshielded or shielded by up to 5 mm steel, is <2.5 sec. For LEU and HEU samples, the type ("LEU" or "HEU") is also reported in <2.5 sec. LEU and HEU samples shielded by 1.6 mm lead are identified as Uranium in <2.5 sec. Unshielded and Shielded Plutonium: Weapons Grade (WG), Reactor Grade (RG) (~60 93% 239 Pu) Time to identify as Pu, unshielded or shielded by up to 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead: <13 seconds for all types of Pu (with Cd filter if high Am content). For WG Pu the type "WG Pu" is also reported in less than <35 sec. Mixtures In all cases, the mixture consists of 500 nsv/h of the "mask" nuclide, added to the specified quantity of uranium or plutonium. The "dose ratio threshold" is defined to be the standard 500 nsv/h dose rate from the mask in ratio to the smallest dose rate from U or Pu detectable in the time stated. Uranium at 500 nsv/h in the presence of Cs-137 or Co-57 mask (unshielded) Time to identify as uranium <2.5 sec. For LEU and HEU, the type ("LEU" or "HEU") is also reported in <2.5 sec. Uranium Dose ratio threshold for 60 second measurement in the presence of Cs-137 or Co-57 mask (Dose from mask: Dose from uranium) >7:1 for identification as uranium unshielded >3:1 shielded 5 mm steel >2:1 for reporting as LEU or HEU unshielded >1.5:1 shielded 5 mm steel Plutonium at 500 nsv/h in the presence of Ba-133 mask Time to identify as Pu <20 sec, unshielded or shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead. Identified type as RG Pu or WG Pu in <100 sec. Plutonium Dose ratio threshold for 5 minute measurement in the presence of Ba-133 mask >6:1 for identification as Pu unshielded, >4:1 shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm lead. >1:1 for reporting as WG Pu or RG Pu unshielded or shielded by 5 mm steel or 10 mm steel (with Cd filter if high Am content). Analysis Algorithm Improvements Detective series instruments have proven highly resistant to false positive and false negative results. Recent improvements to the Detective algorithms have enhanced this already excellent performance still further. In Version 3, the implementation of the background subtraction has removed the reporting of nuclides identified in the background. While technically not an incorrect result, reporting of background nuclides was considered undesirable by some experts. The smart stabilizer has improved the analysis of some difficult masking scenarios. 8

102 Detective-EX/DX-100T Specifications OPERATION MODES SEARCH Scanning mode for location of radioactive sources, with audio alert using an external ear piece. Both neutron and gamma search is simultaneous; speed settings 1 to 50 seconds/point. SNM Search Mode Nuclide-specific search mode for U-235, Pu-239 and neutron counts. Ba-133 surrogate detection may be turned on for training purposes. Bar graph display of nuclide confidence level. Aid to Identify mode. MONITOR Mode The instrument collects one spectrum per second and runs the ID algorithm against an 8 second sliding average. This mode is more sensitive to sources which move relative to the instrument. LCX Low confidence Expert Mode. IDENTIFY Gamma Proprietary scheme for identification and classification of radionuclides. Background subtraction. ANSI Mode: See nuclide list above. Classify Mode: Nuclides classified according to: Natural (NORM) Nuclear These classifications are based on an internal, fixed library according to ANSI N Customized libraries for specific applications can be supplied by special order. Remote Mode Detective V3 instruments can participate as nodes within the Detective Remote search system. Dose Rate Visual over range indication and continuous audible alarm, user settable. Over-ride alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/hr. DETECTORS Internal HPGe Detector Crystal Nominal Dimensions: 65 mm diameter x 50 mm deep. P-type high-purity germanium. Coaxial construction. Cooler: High reliability, low power Stirling cooler. Cooler design life >5 years continuous running. Dual piston design, 1 W nominal lift at 100 K. Digital Noise Suppression: "LFR Filter," ORTEC Patent Pending. Gamma Dose Rate Detector Two detectors determine the gamma dose rate over a wide range from <0.05 µsv/h to >10000 µsv/h, a dose rate range of around six decades. For low dose rates, below ~20 µsv/h, the dose rate is determined from the Ge detector spectrum. For dose rates above this value, the internal compensated GM tube is used. Instrument switches between the two automatically. Dose rate uncertainty <( 50% to +100%); continuous audible alarm at dose rates >10,000 µsv/h (fixed maximum threshold), user settable threshold below this. Neutron Detector Module (-EX model only) 4 tubes: 4" active length, 0.5" diameter. High Density Polyethylene moderator. DIGITAL MCA AND DATA PROCESSOR Display VGA 640 x 480 TFT sunlight readable touch sensitive, operate with finger or stylus. Data Processor Marvel 806 MHz XScale. Data Storage (Spectrum, Search Data, ID Results) To internal RAM and removable SD card. Computer Interfacing USB connection to laptop. Spectral transfer by Microsoft ActiveSync. Remote control via Microsoft remotedsp.exe. Wi-fi (802.11) communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. GPS Internal NMEA compliant WAAS capable. Digital MCA with Internal Storage of Multiple Spectral Data. Smart digital spectrum gain stabilizer. Digital Noise Suppression LFR Filter. Conversion Gain 8k channel. Maximum Number of Stored Spectra Unlimited on removable media. DISPLAYS AND MENUS Main Screen Gamma Count Rate Bar Graph 20 kcps full scale. Dose Rate Bar Graph 10 msv/hr full scale, flashes on over range. Status Lines: WARNING!! High Dose Rate Displayed when Dose rate exceeds 10 msv/hr. Detector is Warm Displayed when crystal temperature is above working limit. Bias Supply Error Displayed if any power supply is bad. WARNING!! Low Battery. Search Mode (Gamma/Neutron) Dwell times 0.1 to 50 seconds per point. Over-range warning. SNM Search Mode Nuclide-specific search mode for U-235 and Pu-239. Bar graph display of nuclide confidence level. Identify Nuclide ID and classification. "Intense" shows the most intense lines list, which is a continuously updating list of the 12 best peaks currently detected. The nuclides and energies are based on the internal nuclide library. The rank is based on the confidence value for the peak. "Save" Saves the spectrum. Format choices: ORTEC.CHN, ORTEC.SPC and ANSI N "Display" brings up the spectral display. The spectrum may be manipulated via the arrow keys and various accelerator keys for cursor movement. Energy and channel contents are displayed with the spectrum. Advanced Setup Password protected. 9

103 Detective-EX/DX-100T Calibration Check Manual or Automatic Calibration Check. Automatic may be triggered by interval or time of day. Instrument is supplied calibrated from factory. View Data Acquisition Parameters Reports instrument status. PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Maximum Overall Dimensions (including handle, Ge detector end cap and shock absorbers) Detective-EX-100T 39.4 cm L x 18.3 cm W x 34.9 cm H (15.5" L x 7.2" W x 13.75" H) Detective-DX-100T 39.4 cm L x 16.3 cm W x 34.9 cm H (15.5" L x 6.55" W x 13.75" H) Weight Detective-EX-100T 26.3 lb (12 kg) -DX-100T versions are 1.9 lb (0.9 kg) lighter. Internal Battery Life >3 hours at 25 C when HPGe detector is cold. Battery lifetime may be extended indefinitely by the use of external battery packs which are available in "battery belt" formats. Input Power 10 to 17 V DC 30 W or from battery or auto-sensing Mains powered Battery Charger. External Power DC In and battery Charge In. MS3112E12-10-s or Bendix PT02E-12-10S connector. Temperature Operation Range: 10 C to 40 C. Relative Humidity: <90% at 35 C, non-condensing. Communications Ports External Connectivity to System 1 SD (Secure Digital) card slot (3.3 V). 1 USB connection for "ActiveSync" capability or MCA operation with external computer (ActiveSync and remote display software included). WiFi communication software. Wireless Mobile MCB Server software. 1 Audio headphone jack. Cool Down Time The high reliability cooler is designed for continuous operation. Between making measurements the unit is powered from a DC supply, car battery or other high capacity device. Initial cool down time depends on ambient temperature, but is typically <12 hours at 25 C. COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE The Detective-EX-100T and Detective-DX-100T are members of the ORTEC CONNECTIONS family. Remote MCA control and individual spectrum download, even over a network, is achieved simply, by the use of ORTEC CONNECTIONS products such as MAESTRO MCA Emulation software. Detective-EX-100T/-DX-100T are fully supported by the latest versions of the highly successful MAESTRO MCA Emulator as well as ORTEC Gamma Spectroscopy Packages such as GammaVision for generalized HPGe spectrum analysis, FRAM and MGAHI for Pu and U isotopic ratio analysis and ISOPlus for in-situ waste assay analysis. NOTE: MAESTRO is supplied as part of packages containing "PKG" in the model number, or it can be purchased separately at a later date. The integral USB connection in the instrument hardware provides full PC control, real-time live MCA display, fast data transfer of single and multiple spectra to the PC, and full ORTEC CONNECTIONS network support. Multiple spectra may be block-transferred from the instrument controller to external PCs by the use of Microsoft ActiveSync. Third party products such SOTI Pocket Controller Enterprise may be used to implement the wireless feature to provide remote wireless control of the complete instrument. Mobile MCB Server The Mobile MCB Server software application enables any ORTEC portable instrument installed with a PDA to communicate wirelessly with ORTEC software applications such as MAESTRO, GammaVision, and Detective-Remote. The Mobile MCB Server acts like a wireless version of the USB connection, allowing users to control and monitor any portable spectrometer through a wireless network. Users can develop their own applications through the use of the optional A11 tool kit. 10

104 Detective-EX/DX-100T Ordering Information Model Large HPGe Neutron Detector Docking Station Power Supply Power Adapter Charger (PAC) MAESTRO Software Transport Case DETEX-100T-GP DETEX-100T-PKG-2 DETEX-100T-PAC-GP DETEX-100T-PAC-PKG2 DETDX-100T-GP DETDX-100T-PKG-2 DETDX-100T-PAC-GP DETDX-100T-PAC-PKG2 Detective Upgrades A range of performance, usability, and reliability upgrades are available for all existing ORTEC Detectives including full warranty upgrade options. Contact ortec.info@ametek.com for details. DET-SW-UPG Upgrade to complete Detective-Pro PDA Software Application package. 11

105 ORTEC M-1-T2 Tripod Support for Detective and trans-spec Family Spectrometers A convenient solution for In-situ assay measurements with ORTEC portable HPGe spectrometers. Easily assembled and appropriate for a variety of terrain. Upward and downward pointing orientation. Ideal for un-collimated wide-area soil and spill measurements using ISOTOPIC assay software. Weight: 20 lbs. Height range to detector mount plate: 110 cm (3.6 ft) to 180 cm (5.9 ft) The M-1-T2 tripod is designed to support ORTEC Detective and trans-spec family products for use with in-situ measurements. The novel design simplifies installing and removing the spectrometer, and is easily transportable around a measurement site. The tripod leg design virtually eliminates slippage and can be used on flat and sloping surfaces. The M-1-T2 tripod is available in two models, one for micro-series Detective and trans-spec instruments and the other for the classic Detective/trans-SPEC and 100 series instruments. Ordering Information Model M-1-T2-100-VERT M-1-T2-MICRO-VERT Description Variable length tripod and mounting hardware for Detective and trans-spec 100 models Variable length tripod and mounting hardware for Micro-Detective and Micro-trans-SPEC models

106 RADEAGLE Next Generation Radioisotope Identification Device Detection and Identification: Fast, Accurate and Easy

107 RADEAGLE RADEAGLE is a state-of-the-art handheld, radioisotope identification device (RIID) delivering superior speed and accuracy. Combining a large, high sensitivity crystal with an intelligent algorithm, the RADEAGLE can quickly, accurately, and simultaneously detect and identify four or more isotopes, typically in under 30 seconds, even in complex shielded or masked scenarios. ANSI compliant, the RADEAGLE offers a user-friendly interface that is intuitive, simple to navigate, provides visually clarity, and utilizes an extensive array of alarms. Supports a variety of scintillation crystals including NaI(Tl), CeBr3 and LaBr3(Ce) to optimize performance across multiple applications. Incorporating decades of industry expertise in detection and identification algorithms along with advanced hardware, electrical, and software systems, the RADEAGLE is the handheld RIID of choice. Key Customers and Applications First Responders and Emergency Management Customs and Border Protection Security and Military Forces Nuclear Safeguards Environmental Management and Cleanup Nuclear Medicine and Scientific Institutes Scrap Steel and Recycling Intelligent Algorithm Unparalleled Speed and Accuracy The RADEAGLE algorithm is unique, using a neuron ensemble to create a multi-agent system. This multi-agent system in turn uses a mimetic learning algorithm that adapts reference data to the unique signature of the detector s sensors. While continuously measuring background radiation, this neuro-spectroscopic brain, delivers unparalleled speed and accuracy for detecting and identifying over 100 nuclides, exceeding ANSI requirements. 2

108 RADEAGLE Operating Modes The RADEAGLE uses five basic operating modes: Dose Rate, Detect, Easy-ID, Spectrum, and Advanced. These five simple modes gives the user full system control ranging from quick and accurate identification to extensive spectrum analysis to expert system configurations. Application Centric Approach A key benefit of the RADEAGLE algorithm is its optimization for multiple real-world applications. Through extensive simulation, validated and refined with real world empirical testing, the RADEAGLE s performance is tuned and optimized for key isotopes associated with SNM in the nuclear security and safeguards market, NORM and IND for environmental and industrial applications and MED for nuclear medicine. Underwater measurements are also supported with a submersible, NaI model. 3

109 RADEAGLE Common Technical Specifications RADIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE Energy Range/MCA Calibration Source Nuclide Library Nuclide Categories 11 kev to 3 MeV / 2048 channels Natural background. No internal source required. Default Isotopes: 110m Ag, 241 Am, 133 Ba, 207 Bi, 109 Cd, 252 Cf (requires neutron detection), 57 Co, 60 Co, 51 Cr, 134 Cs, 137 Cs, 152 Eu, 68 Ga, 123 I, 125 I, 131 I, 111 In, 40 K, 54 Mn, 99 Mo2, 22 Na, 237 Np, 238 Pu, 239 Pu, ( 240 Pu, 241 Pu as part of compositions) 226 Ra, 75 Se, 99m Tc, 232 Th, 201 Tl, 233 U, 235 U, 238 U Optional Isotopes (contact factory): 109m Ag, 198 Au, 135m Ba, 140 Ba, 213 Bi, 116 Cd, 58 Co, 139 Ce, 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 131 Cs, 64 Cu, 67 Cu, 165 Dy, 18 F, 59 Fe, 67 Ga, 68 Ge, 166m Ho, 124 I, 132 I, 133 I, 194 Ir, 42 K, 81m Kr, 138 La, 140 La, 173 Lu, 174 Lu, 176 Lu, 177 Lu, 177m Lu, 56 Mn, 24 Na, 95 Nb, 96 Nb, 147 Nd, 212 Pb, 103 Pd, 144 Pr, 82 Rb, 186 Re, 188 Re, 106 Rh, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 153 Sm, 113 Sn, 82 Sr, 89 Sr, 90 Sr, 132 Te, 228 Th, 44 Ti, 202 Tl, 204 Tl, 232 U, 237 U, 187 W, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, 135 Xe, 88 Y, 90 Y, 169 Yb, 177 Yb, 65 Zn, 95 Zr Special nuclear material (SNM), Naturally occurring radiation (NORM), emitter (IND), or source (MED) PHYSICAL Dimensions 248 mm x 115 mm x 152 mm (9.8 x 4.5 x 6.0 ) Display Batteries Operational Run Time 640 x 480, 89 mm (3.5 ) Transflective Color TFT Rechargeable AA NiMH battery pack, auxiliary battery case for AA NiMH or alkaline >8 hours with standard battery pack ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Temperature 20 C to +50 C ( 4 F to +122 F ) Relative Humidity Protection Rating 10% 90%, non-condensing IP65, submersible to 15 meter for models 3SGA and 3SGA-H COMPUTATIONAL Memory CPU Speed File Formats Connectivity > 16 GB (1,000,000 spectra) 1 GHz ANSI N42.42, SPE (IAEA) USB, WiFi (optional), GPS (optional) SOFTWARE Operating System Microsoft Windows (XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10), MAC OS X Yosemite, Linux (tested for Ubuntu) 4

110 RADEAGLE Model Specific Technical Specifications Model Detector Type Detector Dimensions PMT GM He 3 * 662 kev 137 Cs at ambient room temp Sensitivity 662 kev 137 Cs Dose Rate Range Detector µsv/h Dose Rate Range GM, up to Sv/h Weight (grams) RADEAGLE-3SG NaI(Tl) 76.2x25.4 mm (3x1 in) 3 7.2% > ~2500 RADEAGLE-3SG-H NaI(Tl) 76.2x25.4 mm (3x1 in) 3 7.2% > ~2800 RADEAGLE-3SGA NaI(Tl) 76.2x25.4 mm (3x1 in) 3 7.2% > ~2500 RADEAGLE-3SGA-H NaI(Tl) 76.2x25.4 mm (3x1 in) 3 7.2% > ~2800 RADEAGLE-2CG CeBr3 50.8x25.4 mm (2x1 in) 3 4.0% > ~2200 RADEAGLE-2CG-H CeBr3 50.8x25.4 mm (2x1 in) 3 4.0% > ~2500 RADEAGLE-3CG CeBr3 76.2x20.3 mm(3x0.8 in) 3 4.0% > ~2500 RADEAGLE-3CG-H CeBr3 76.2x20.3 mm(3x0.8 in) 3 4.0% > ~2800 RADEAGLE-1LG LaBr3(Ce) 38.1x25.4 mm (1.5x1 in) 2 3.0% > ~2150 RADEAGLE-1LG-H LaBr3(Ce) 38.1x25.4 mm (1.5x1 in) 2 3.0% > ~2450 RADEAGLE-2LG LaBr3(Ce) 50.8x25.4 mm (2x1 in) 3 3.0% > ~2250 RADEAGLE-2LG-H LaBr3(Ce) 50.8x25.4 mm (2x1 in) 3 3.0% > ~2550 *with internal moderator 5