Master s Thesis! Improvement of the Virtualization Support in the Fiasco.OC Microkernel! Julius Werner!
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1 Master s Thesis! Improvement of the Virtualization Support in the Fiasco.OC Microkernel! Julius Werner! jwerner@cs.tu- berlin.de Technische Universität Berlin! ! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 1!
2 Agenda! I. Motivation and Background! II. Design and Implementation! III. Evaluation! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 2!
3 I. Motivation and Background! Fiasco.OC and Karma form an experimental, microkernel-based virtualization environment! Fiasco.OC! o L4 based microkernel! o preemptibility/real-time focus! o system calls and IPC through object capabilities! o memory management by mapping between tasks! o virtual machines as special tasks! kernel space! user space! Fiasco.OC! Sigma0! Karma! o experimental VMM! o can do networking, storage, SMP! o currently runs modified Linux! Karma! VM! FB! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 3!
4 I. Motivation and Background! Karma has existing support for Intel VMX hardware-assisted virtualization! Karma! VMCS! copy! Fiasco! VMCS! sanitize! VMWRITE VMLAUNCH VM task object! extract address space! execute! read/modify! handle VM exit! handle interrupt or pass through! external interrupt, memory violation, VMCALL, etc.! Guest operating system! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 4!
5 I. Motivation and Background! Two methods for memory virtualization: Karma lacks support for nested paging on VMX (EPT)! Nested Paging! Shadow Paging! guest virtual address! index! guest page table! offset! guest physical address! guest virtual address! combine! guest page table! offset! index! host page table! offset! index! shadow page table! host page table! host physical address! Requires special hardware support! host physical address! Requires VMM intercepts for page faults,! task switches and page table updates! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 5!
6 I. Motivation and Background! Existing SVM research: shadow paging can be improved, but only to a certain point! Microbenchmark Forkwait : repeated process creation/destruction with shadow paging on SVM.! Source: Jan C. Nordholz. Efficient Virtualization on Hardware with Limited Virtualization Support. Diploma thesis, TU Berlin, 2010.! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 6!
7 Agenda! I. Motivation and Background! II. Design and Implementation! III. Evaluation! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 7!
8 II. Design and Implementation! Ordinary page tables cannot be used as EPT because attribute formats are incompatible! 64/ physical address!ignored! G! PS! D! A! CD!WT! U! W! 0 P! Traditional Page Table! 2 MB / 4 MB super pages! physical address! ignored! PS! IP! MT! X! W! 0 R! Extended Page Table! 2 MB super pages! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 8!
9 II. Design and Implementation! Solution: enhance Fiasco s memory management to transparently integrate tasks with EPT! map_util insert,! lookup,! delete! Mem_space polymorphism! Mem_space_ept translate page attributes! split super pages! Ptab<x86> Ptab<Ept> Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 9!
10 II. Design and Implementation! Make nested paging optional on VM creation, communicate detected VM features to userland! factory object! Fiasco.OC! create_vm(flags)! VM! Karma! Kernel Interface Page!...!...! UG! VPID! NP! VMX! SVM! processor information! VM feature information!...! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 10!
11 II. Design and Implementation! Cannot execute guests without paging: emulate unpaged execution during boot!... Guest-physical memory! 32-bit starting point! begin execution! CR3 = identity! CR0.PG = 1! Guest page table! construct page table! Karma! 0x reserved! BIOS area! 0xA0000 0x0 Kernel! Identity page table! set PAE/PSE control bits! set page table base register! set paging control bit! prevent and save! shadowed! CR4 shadowed! CR3 restore saved values! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 11!
12 II. Design and Implementation! Additional performance increase: add VPID support to Fiasco, build safe userland interface! Fiasco.OC! next_vpid = 3! vpid_generation = 1! 64/ virtual address! ignored! VPID flush request in VMCS field! type! Karma! VM 1! Karma! VM 2! Translation Lookaside Buffer virtual! physical! VPID! C FFE9B B000 0 FFE9B Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 12!
13 Agenda! I. Motivation and Background! II. Design and Implementation! III. Evaluation! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 13!
14 III. Evaluation! Development mostly on the Bochs PC emulator, but final evaluation on a physical machine! Notebook! TFTP! USB! PXE boot! console output! Evaluation Machine! BIOS! Intel Core i5! 4 processor cores! EPT, VPID, no UG! 1024 MB RAM! no hard disk involvement! Serial! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 14!
15 III. Evaluation! Same benchmark, new data: EPT reaches near-native performance, even beats KVM! Forkwait Microbenchmark Duration in Seconds % Shadow Paging Shadow Paging with VPID Nested Paging Nested Paging with VPID Native SVM Kernel Shadow Paging (projected) Linux KVM Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 15!
16 III. Evaluation! Results on unsynthetic real-world workloads closer, but still show major advantage! Linux Compilation Benchmark Duration in Seconds on 1, 2, 3 and 4 Processors % n / a n / a Shadow Paging Shadow Paging with VPID Nested Paging Nested Paging with VPID Native n / a n / a n / a SVM Kernel Shadow Paging (projected) Linux KVM Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 16!
17 III. Evaluation! Results prove: despite its complexity, EPT support is a worthwhile addition to Fiasco.OC! Nested Paging! (data from this implementation)! In-Kernel Shadow Paging! (projection from existing SVM implementation)! + adds 868 SLoC to TCB! + about 2% overhead! + no additional guest OS modification! needs special hardware support! adds 1349 SLoC to TCB! at least 4% overhead! some optimizations need paravirtualized paging! + runs on all processors that support VMX! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 17!
18 Summary! Task: improve VMX memory virtualization performace! Two possibilities: improve shadow paging efficiency or implement nested paging support! o Chose latter: higher expected performance, lower complexity! Enhanced Fiasco to allow tasks with EPTs! o transparently translate page attribute formats! o transparently split 4 MB into two 2 MB super pages! Added tagged TLB support: even higher performance! Evaluation proves near-native performace (2% overhead), acceptable complexity increase! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 18!
19 Backup! Backup Slides! Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 19!
20 Backup! 6 5 Fibonacci Microbenchmark Duration in Seconds Shadow Paging Shadow Paging with VPID Nested Paging Nested Paging with VPID Native n / a SVM Kernel Shadow Paging (projected) Linux KVM Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 20!
21 Backup! Sockxmit Microbenchmark Duration in Seconds % Shadow Paging Shadow Paging with VPID Nested Paging Nested Paging with VPID Native SVM Kernel Shadow Paging (projected) Linux KVM Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 21!
22 Backup! Touchmem Microbenchmark Duration in Seconds % Shadow Paging Shadow Paging with VPID Nested Paging Nested Paging with VPID Native SVM Kernel Shadow Paging (projected) Linux KVM Julius Werner (Master s Thesis)! ! 22!
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