Table of Contents 1. Introduction Connection and communication technologies...1

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1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction Specification blocks symbols for IoT systems A few simple examples of IoT architectures IoT systems hardware and software The Arduino Hardware Arduino IDE Arduino IDE installation Arduino IDE libraries and sketches C, C++ and Arduino (code) programming I/O functions Time functions Mathematical functions Interrupts Connection and communication technologies...1 Introduction Essential connection links and buses Asynchronous serial communication UART Receiver UART Transmitter I2C bus I2C bus structure I2C bus operational mode I2C bus with Arduinos and ESPs Arduino I2C programming (master and slave) SPI bus SPI bus connection SPI bus operation SPI bus connections and operation on Arduino/ESP boards Interrupts Essential wired and wireless communication channels Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Ethernet frame structure Arduino Ethernet (network) programming Starting Ethernet Client-server communication with UDP/IP An example of Arduino code ( Ethernet shield on SPI ) Client server communication with connection to the server and data transfer (TCP/IP) Connecting to a Web Server (HTTP/TCP/IP) An example of Web client An example of Web server, connection and serving Web pages WiFi (IEEE x) WiFi g efficiency and channels WiFi security SSID and RSSI Arduino and ESP8266 WiFi RF433 simple radio channels on 433MHz band RF433 modules An example of Arduino code for RF433 transmitter and receiver An example of Arduino code for RF433 transmitter for switch control HC-12 Low power radio channels on 433MHz band An example of Arduino code for HC-12 (443MHz)...33

2 HC-12 configuration NRF24 simple radio channels on 2.4GHz band nrf24 modulation nrf24 modules An example of Arduino code with nrf24l01.h and RF24.h libraries nrf24 server working with Wemos D1 shield and RH_NRF24.h library nrf24 client working with Wemos D1 shield and RH_NRF24.h library Bluetooth link on 2.4 GHz band Bluetooth modules An example of Arduino code with SoftwareSerial.h library Long Range communication with LoRa (433 MHz, 968MHz) Introduction to LoRa technology Packet format Connections and pins Interrupts Memory Range An example Arduino code with Radio Head RH_RF95.h library GSM and SMS messages GSM circuits, modules and shields Programming Arduino with GSM and SMS classes SMS Class An example of Arduino code with GSM.h and GSM_SMS.h libraries Programming Arduino shield with SIM900 class Sensors and controllers (actuators) Simple actuators Simple sensors...1 Note concerning the interruption enabled pins Motion detection sensors PIR sensor Microwave sensor GHz Doppler radar motion detector (RMD) An example of Arduino code operating with RMD module IR sensor with transmitter FC-51 sensor An example of Arduino code for FC-51 sensor Sensors (actuators) operating on I2C bus An example of Arduino code for LM75 sensor An example of Arduino code for HTU21D and BH1750 sensors An example of Arduino code for AM2321 sensor An example of Arduino code for BMP180 sensor An example of Arduino code for DS3231 (Real Time Clock) OLED display operating on I2C bus IMU (Inertia Measurement Unit) sensor MPU 6050 sensor board Two examples of Arduino code for MPU 6050 sensor The execution results (fragment): APDS-9960, RGB and Gesture Sensor sensor RGB color sensor Gesture sensor Ambient light interrupt Bit ADC - 4 Channel with Programmable Gain Amplifier Digital to Analog Conversion with PCF8591 module PCF8591 YL-40 board An example of Arduino code for PCF8591 YL-40 module FM Radio Transmitter module...26

3 An example of Arduino code with FMTX library FM Radio Receiver module An example of Arduino code for TEA5767 module Dot Matrix 8x8 display module - HT16K Displaying registered messages Displaying the messages sent via Web page Air quality sensor - CCS Arduino code on Wemos D1 (ESP8266) for testing CCS811 sensor Arduino code on Wemos D1 ESP32 capture and visualization on OLED display Displaying temperature from object temperature sensor GY Sensors operating on SPI bus RFID sensor on MHz RFID MHz ISM Frequency band An example of Arduino code operating on RC SD card reader The SD library An example of Arduino code for micro SD reader ArduCam (2MP) operating on I2C and SPI ArduCam I2C bus operation ArduCam SPI bus operation MP3 Arduino shield with SD card and SPI An example of programming MP3 shield with Arduino code TFT QVGA display operating on SPI Displaying simple messages sent form a Web client TFT QVGA 2.8 inch touch display (ILI9341) operating on SPI A simple touch screen application the code The use of yield() function with ESP Serial UART (tty) bus for sensors - actuators Fingerprint scanner FPM10A Arduino code enrollment FPM10A Arduino code detection (uncomplete) R301 fingerprint scanner with Wemos D MP3 player modules DFPlayer Mini An example of Arduino code for DFPlayer CATALEX serial mp3 player GPS GPS working principle NEO6M GPS module An example of Arduino code to test NEO6M GPS module Using GPS module with TinyGPS++ library Serial specific protocols on simple logic links (DIO) DHT11/22 sensors An example of C code for DHT11 sensor A simple of Arduino code for DHT11 and DHT22 sensors Arduino code for DHT11 and DHT22 sensors and Ethernet shield segment LED display TM An example of Arduino code for TM digit display Ultrasonic sensors An example of Arduino code for HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor Simple sensors with analog outputs Current measuring sensor Arduino code for DC current measuring (mode 5 A) Arduino code for AC current measuring (5A mode) Sensor calibration and adaptation Regression analysis and functions...90

4 3.9.2 Linear regression analysis and functions Polynomial (quadratic) regression analysis and functions MCU and SBC boards GPIO pins and buses...1 Introduction The micro-controllers ATMega ATMega Xtensa ESP8266 and ESP Arduino Uno board UART RxD and TxD (D0 and D1) An example of Arduino code with SoftwareSerial Interruption inputs pins (D2 and D3) I2C bus pins SPI bus pins Arduino Nano board Arduino Mini Pro (3.3V or 5V) board Arduino Mega board Arduino Mega pins and buses SPI bus I2C bus ESP-12 (8266) based MCU boards ESP-12 NodeMCU (V 0.9) UART I2C SPI A simple LoRa gateway with nodemcu and FM98/FM ESP-12 Wemos D ESP8266 in deep sleep mode...15 Hardware Configuration Using ESP8266 (Wemos D1) with MQTT protocol Using ESP8266 (Wemos D1) with MQTT protocol in deep sleep mode The mqtt client code: Using ESP8266 (Wemos D1) with WebSockets Keeping the data in EEPROM when in deep sleep mode Using ESP8266 with WiFi tools Using ESP8266 (Wemos D1) with Amazon Echo fauxmoesp with ESP8266 based Wemos board Using App Inventor to build simple application with ESP The design editor and blocks editor The Arduino code for Android applicationesp Using ESP8266 SmartConfig SBC boards and GPIO The RPI Hardware The RPI Software GPIO connections with wiringpi wiringpi installation Test wiringpi s installation wiringpi - gpio utility Simple logic outputs Simple logic inputs The RPI UART and wiringserial.h The RPI I2C: utilities and examples Changing the Speed of the I2C bus Testing the I2C device from the command line Using I2C interface and wiringpii2c.h to read RTC registers...46

5 4.7.5 The RPI SPI: utilities and examples Using SPI with and wiringpispi.h to setup and read/write operations Using SPI with and wiringpispi.h to program an EEPROM module (25LC010A) Using SPI with and wiringpispi.h to program to receive the data via an nrf24 module Interfacing RPI with Arduino and/or ESP boards Interfacing via UART (/dev/ttys0) Interfacing via I2C bus with Arduino Pro mini 3.3V Interfacing via SPI bus in slave mode Raspberry Pi and Long Range communication with LoRa (SPI bus) RFM95/96/97/98 circuits Chistera-Pi board LoRA GPS HAT A simple extension board for RFM95/98 module Simple RFM95/98 module and breakout Simple sender receiver code Wemos LoRa gateway communication with RPI LoRa module Raspberry Pi as a WiFi Access Point with bridge to Ethernet Raspberry Pi (2/3) with Neo-6M GPS modules-actuators Connection on UART pins Serial console turn-of Preparing the GPS library Use the GPS library Programming example Visualizing the position.log Communication security - encrypting and decrypting the messages Encryption and decryption with XXTEA algorithm Creating CRC16 checksum SBC configuration and network/media programming Network interfaces, configurations and softap RPI3 Interfaces RPI Zero W Interfaces Adding Ethernet interface Using USB-OTG port as a virtual Ethernet interface Building SoftAP Stopping network-manager hostapd configuration dnsmasq configuration Set up IPv4 forwarding socket API for communication with Ethernet and WiFi Working with UDP datagrams socket address structure Client-server message exchange application in datagram mode The client side: The server side Broadcasting Working with TCP connections A client/server TCP application echo Writing a parallel server Using TCP connection to send an via SMTP service Reading WEB page Reading and writing from/to thingspeak.com server Reading and writing drectly from/to thingspeak.com with HTML page Reading and writing from/to thingspeak.com server using curl library Installing and Testing Mosquitto MQTT on the Raspberry Pi JSON Data Payload...22

6 Installing Mosquitto Configuring and Starting the Mosquitto Server Testing the Mosquitto server Using the Mosquitto RPI3 with an ESP on Wemos D Installing and Testing WebSocket server tornado on the Raspberry Pi Running the Tornado server with the Wemos D1 based client Using Bluetooth communication with RPIs...26 Introduction Bluetooth transport protocols RFCOMM L2CAP Installation bluetoothctl Python code on Raspberry Pi Programming transmission with Bluetooth Bluetooth stack Bluez Bluetooth device address RFCOMM socket address Scanning for devices Sending (client) and receiving messages (server) with RFCOMM Sending (client) and receiving messages (server) with L2CAP Installation and configuration for nrf Downloading and installing software Connections and pin configuration Using GSM modem to send/receive SMS messages Basic C programming with AT commands The SMS sender The SMS receiver Examples of simple IoT architectures First example: a simple Arduino Nano based architecture The client front-end part (sensors) The client back-end part (network connection) The UDP server on RPI/RPIZ To do: Second example: A simple ESP8266 NodeMCU based architecture Front-end of the server side Back-end of the server side The client side on RPI/RPIZ To do Third example: A simple communication system for IoT with Arduino Nano and NRF24L01 modules Introduction to NRF24L NRF24 server NRF24 client side with an RTC clock To do Fourth example: A simple communication system for IoT with Arduino Nano and LoRa SX Simple experimental architecture LoRa technology Server side (with selection of the clients) Client side with LM75 sensor To do: Fifth example: A simple communication system for IoT with Arduino Nano ESP8266 and LoRa SX1276 serial modems Introduction GPS to LoRa gateway (client) LoRa to WiFi gateway (server) on ESP-12 MCU WiFi receiver on SBC...25

7 6.5.5 To do Sixth example : sending images/streams from ESP to RPI Arduino code for ESP MCU The HTML page on lighttpd server implemented on RPI To do Seventh example : sending receiving messages on ESP32 Lora boards with OLED screen The Arduino code for the sender The Arduino code for the receiver: A simple client-server system with an Arduino Nano as client and RPI3 as server The client-side sub-system The server side To do Simple LoRa gateways (servers) for long range communication between tablets or smart-phones (clients) WiFi gateway code To do A client terminal with fingerprint scanner for Internet communication with remote server The enrollment of the users (scans) The enrollment program The client side of the scanner The server side To do RPI3 based gateway with RF24 terminals using.json messages The server side The client side To do An GSM (SMS) gateway with LoRa terminals The gateway code The terminal Arduino code To do An RPI3 gateway to thingspeak.com for ESP terminals Arduino terminal code with ThingSpeak.h library Arduino terminal code without ThingSpeak.h library To do Building a LoRa-Internet gateway with configurable terminals The gateway code on Wemos The code running on the RPI Concurrent LoRa gateway and client with data encryption on Wemos D1 boards The operation of the concurrent LoRa Gateway The code of concurrent gateway with encryption : The operation of the LoRa client The concurrent client code Building LoRaTS architecture LoRa modulation Principle of spread spectrum LoRa Spread Spectrum LoRa RFM95 / 96/97/98 Modems and expansion boards Programming for LoRa RFM95/96/97/98 modems Basic architecture with LoRa modems and Wemos D1 cards rf95_client program running on Wemos D rf95_server program running on Wemos D Basic architecture with LoRa modems on RPIZ (W) and Wemos D C code of LoRa client on RPIZ(W) : Code Arduino code on Wemos D LoRaTS frames between terminals and LoRaTS gateway LoRaTS protocol...14

8 8.6.2 Code C code for the gateway RPIZ(W) LoRaTS terminal in low power consumption mode (<1mA)...23 Attention : Arduino code for Wemos d1 (ESP8266) and Wemos ESP Storing and reading data in EEPROM memory Writing into EEPROM Reading data fromeeprom...30