Synthesis of Supervisory Control of Discrete Event System for Static VAR Compansator
|
|
- Judith Sharp
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Synthesis of Supervisory Control of Discrete Event System for Static VAR Compansator Tarun Jain Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi, India Prof. S.K. Nagar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, BHU Varanasi, India Abstract This paper presents the application of discrete event system in the field of power system. In power system there are various components which required control and coordination when they are in operation. The theory of discrete event system has been applied in the application part of power system. The discrete nature of ULTC and discrete switching behavior of SVC are best suited for the supervisory control of discrete event system. The supervisory control theory is general theory for design and implementation of control logic in DES. ULTC are widely used in power system to care of the transmission line for voltage variation. Whereas SVC has fast dynamic characteristics to support the voltage variation in transients condition. The combination of ULTC and SVC can take care of transmission line in both steady state and dynamic regimes. Keywords- Discrete-event system (DES), under load tap changing transformer (ULTC), static var compensator (SVC), supervisory control. T I. INTRODUCTION HE electrical power system is an important part of this world. The power system consists of generation, transmission and distribution. The devices used in the power systems are under load tap changing transformer (ULTC), dynamic flow controller (DFC), static VAR compensator (SVC), and many more. For the reliable and smooth operation of power system, the control of such devices is necessary. ULTC consists tap changing facilities constitute an important means of controlling voltage in the power system [1][2]. ULTC are widely used in transmission network for the step up or step down the voltage at all level. But ULTC is not capable of providing fast response for voltage variation load. Whereas Static VAR Compensator (SVC) provides fast dynamic response [10]. But due to rating of SVC components, its operation is restricted. Hence the combination of ULTC and SVC is best suited for voltage variation load. The drawback of one device is compensated by another device. Both devices works properly in electrical power system if they are properly control and coordinated. DES is a dynamic system, generally used where control and coordination is required between various component to ensure the orderly flow of events. And it evolves in accordance with the sudden occurrence of physical event at unknown intervals [5]. The technique used in discrete event system is supervisory control, which is effective analytic tool for the control of DES [6]. The application of DES is in various fields i.e. in the field of communication, database management system, queuing system, manufacturing system and also in the field of power system. The application of DES in the field of power system includes Supervisory control, modeling of its component, analysis and diagnosis and monitoring [1]-[4]. From last two decades, study of DES has been done by many researchers of various fields. The problem in DES is solved in two models. First is untimed model, in this model only the sequence of states is evaluated. I.e. only the logical behavior is considered [5]. Where as in second model i.e. timed model both the logical and timing information are to be considered [7]. The component of power system and control logic are model in each mode as finite automata, then supervisory control of DES is possible and designed for the automatic and auto/manual mode of operation and in centralized and decentralized structure [1][2]. The supervisory control of DES is a method for the design and control of the plant and its component by the mean of control logic i.e. control specification. Supervisory control of discrete event system (SCDES) uses systematic formation on a rigorous mathematical basis to ensure non blocking and non conflicting properties of plant and also evaluates controllability of control logic with respect to plant [6]. The problem in DES has been solved by software called TCT. There are many software used in DES. The synthesis methods for DES controls have been developed and implemented in a software environment called TCT [8]. The TCT is use for the synthesis and supervisory control of the problem. The computation for the supervisory control theory (SCT) can be performed by the TCT software. In TCT, all automata model are created by the CREATE command. Then the synchronous product command (SYNC ( )), in TCT used for obtaining the PLANT model in DES. MEET command in TCT is used for to obtain the specifications model in TCT. And by the supervisory control (supcon (PLANT, SPEC)) command in TCT final controller has been design. TCT (toy control theory) is software developed by Professor W. M. Wonham, who invented the supervisory control theory (SCT) [9]. The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic approach to control and coordinated between various power systems components by using TCT implementation for SCT. The 1
2 application part of supervisory control of discrete event system (SCDES) in power system, in this paper we discuss by taking various components of power system as finite automata and design and implemented in TCT platform. The organization of this paper is as follows. In section 2, we discuss about the basic of discrete event system and its automata briefly. Section 3, gives the idea about the basic of ULTC and SVC. Section 4 deals with supervisory control theory of DES in ULTC and SVC. In section 5, explains the proposed solution of the DES in TCT and synthesis of supervisory control. And finally we conclude in section 6. II. DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEM RW supervisory control theory gives a framework to model and control the behavior of discrete event system [5]. A brief introduction of the theory of DES is given here. In DES model we include the set of states (i.e. initial state marker state), set of event and the state transition function. In automata, we represent the DES as structure. There are other software tools available for simulation and analysis of DES. III. A. Tap Changing Transformer- BASIC OF ULTC AND SVC Transformer with tap changer is an important application in distribution power system for controlling the voltage at all voltage levels. Transformer with ULTC facilities are widely used in transmission network. When the voltage is not normal (i.e. outside a desired range) then after some time delay the controller changes its tap to bring the voltage its normal voltage. The delay is provided to prevent unnecessary changing of tap during transient condition. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of a ULTC [1][2]. G = (Q,, δ, q 0, Q m ) Where Q = A finite set of states, with q o Q (initial state), Q m Q (set of marker states); = a finite set of events (σ); δ = a transition mapping δ : Q Q : δ (q, σ) =q', q' is the next state after an event σ occurs. G is the plant with all these states and events. G is called as generator and its generates a set of strings (sequence). In other words, it generates a language L(G), consisting of strings of events which are physically possible in the plant [5].A prefix of a string is an initial subsequence of s (i.e., if s is a string in *, u is a prefix of s if ur = s for some string r in * ). A set which contains all of the prefixes of each of its elements is said to be prefix-closed. Clearly, * is a prefix-closed set. As some sets of strings may not contain all of their prefixes, the prefix-closure of a set A, denoted by Ᾱ, is defined which contains all of the prefixes of each element of A. If A = Ᾱ, then the set A is prefix-closed. If A is not prefix-closed, then A Ᾱ with strict inclusion. The language L(G) is the set of all event sequences which are physically possible in the plant. L(G) = {s s Є *, δ(q 0, s) is defined} Clearly, L(G) is a subset of *, and L(G) is also prefix closed, because no event sequence in the plant can occur without its prefix occurring first. Those strings which can be extended to a marker state are of particular importance. The marked language, denoted by L m (G), consists of all strings which reach some marker state. L m (G) is a subset of L(G) and can be formally given as L m (G)= {s Є L(G) δ(q 0, s) є Q m } Fig. 1 Block diagram of control system for automatic changing of transformer taps Designer should have DES model of the plant and control specification for synthesis a supervisory control for the ULTC and also the control specification which are given in the next section. B. Static VAR compensator- SVC with tap changing transformer is widely used in modern electrical power system for improve power quality and reliability because of its transient response is good. SVC has capable of handling transient s condition and oscillation, damping during abnormal condition. While ULTC is not capable of handling these conditions during abnormal operation. This is the main advantage of using SVC with ULTC. But due to its rating, its regulation ability is restricted. So when SVC installed with ULTC on same load for voltage regulation purpose, the drawback of one can be compensated by the other. However these combination works properly only if proper coordination between these two. SVC with ULTC has been shown in Fig. 2. Due to discrete nature of SVC and ULTC, these are easily model as finite automata. Then supervisory control is possible [10]. A DES is said to be non blocking if L m (G) = L(G). This means that there always exists a sequence of events which takes the plant from any (reachable) state to a desired state. TCT software program is developed for modeling and synthesis supervisory control for discrete-event systems in different Fig. 2 Block diagram of SVC. 2
3 The drawback of ULTC is that it s unable to provide fast dynamic response for voltage variation load. Whereas SVC is a dynamic device which control the voltage during transients condition. But the operation of SVC is restricted due to its power rating. The combination of ULTC and SVC is connected on the same bus for controlling the voltage changes. So there is proper control and coordination is required between ULTC and SVC. IV. DES SUPERVISORY CONTROL FOR ULTC AND SVC Supervisory Control of DES- In this section, we model and discussed the plant and specification. This model is use for the study and implementation of the supervisory controller design. A. Modeling of ULTC plant and its specification Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of ULTC with SVC. ULTC consists of four components: voltmeter, timer, and tap changer and timer adjustment unit. Each component is modeled as finite automata than discrete event system is possible. And by the mean of synchronization, we combine these entire components to form a plant model [10]. assumed here that the tap changer has 5 steps. Events associated with the Tap Changer are Fig. 4 (b). o Tap down command (ev 31) o Tap down successful (ev 32) o Tap up command (ev 33) o Tap up successful (ev 34) o Tap up/down failed (ev 30) Timer Adjustment Unit- The timer adjustment unit receives information from the SVC and sends information to adaptively adjust the ULTC time delay. The Following events associated with the timer adjustment block Fig. 4 (d). o (0 B SVC α 1 B max ) or (β 1 B min B svc < 0) (ev 60) o Delay Time Sets to T d1 (ev 61) o (α 1 B max < B svc α 2 B max ) or (β 2 B min B svc < β 1 B min ) (ev 62) o Delay Time sets to T d2 (ev 63) o (α 2 B max < B svc B max ) or (B min B svc < β 2 B min ) (ev 64) o Delay Time sets to T d3 (ev 65) o B svc < 0 (ev 66) o Delay Time sets to T switching (ev 67) o SVC susceptance measurement unit initialized (ev 69) Operator- Operator can be switch operation of ULTC using the followinh events Fig. 4 (e). o Enter Automatic Mode (ev 41) o Enter Manual Mode (ev 43) Fig. 3 Block diagram of the Supervisory control system for ULTC and SVC Volt Meter- The load voltage (measure) (V l ) must be a dead band (V o ± ID), where V o is the set point, V= V o -V l is the voltage deviation and ID: insensitivity Degree. Voltmeter reports the following events associated with the load voltages Fig. 4 (c). o Voltmeter Initialized (ev 11) o Report V > ID and V is negative (ev10) o Report V < ID (Voltage Recovered) (ev 12) o Report V > ID and V is positive (ev14) o Report Voltage exceeds V max (ev 16) Timer- the timer times out after a certain delay operation time (OT). The following events are associated with the timer Fig. 4 (a). o Timer Starts (ev 21) o Timer Blocks and Resets (ev 25) o Timer Times out (ev 27) o Timer Resets (ev 23). Tap Changer- The transformer tap changer controls the transformer ratio manually or automatically in order to keep the power supply voltage practically constant, independently of the load. If the tap increase (decrease) is successful, the system returns to a state and waits for another command. If the taps increase (decrease) operation fails, the controller changes to the manual mode, and waits for another command. It is Fig. 4. DES models for (a) Timer, (b) Voltmeter, (c) Operator, (d) Tap Changer, (e) Timer Adjustment 3
4 B. Modeling of SVC-Following events are associated with SVC DES model [Fig. 5] o Susceptance measurement initialized (ev 51) o λb Cmax B svc λb Lmax (ev 50) o B svc < λb Cmax or B svc λb Lmax (ev 52) o V s2 V load V s1 (ev 80) o Fixed voltage reference control is switched on (ev81) o V load > V s2 or V load < V s1 (ev 82) o Floating voltage reference control switched on (ev 83) o The regulation slope X SL1 is switched on (ev 85) o The regulation slope X SL2 is switched on (ev 87) o Voltmeter initialized (ev 89) decreases stepwise. On the other hand, when the applied susceptance of the SVC is decreasing, the time delay of the ULTC is set to its maximum value. g. After of a tap movement, if another tap changing is required in the same direction, the time delay is set to T swithching (minimum possible value for the time delay). Now these logics are implemented in below DES model in Fig.6 (a)(b). Fig. 5. DES models for the SVC control system components Control logic for the ULTC and SVC- The control logic and specification for the ULTC and SVC are discussed here and then make DES model of these specifications. The Plant must be controlled based on these specifications [10]. 1. ULTC Specification- The specification for tap changer is given by the manufacture. The specifications are as follows. When Voltage is not normal, then the controller changes tap ratio after a time delay to restore the voltage i.e. bring it into its dead band. The delay time is based on SVC operation. SVC used to control the unnecessary tap changes during the transient periods. The following are the specification of ULTC. a. If the voltage deviation V > ID and V is negative (ev 10) then the timer will start and when it times out i.e. reaches its maximum (ev 27) then a tap increase command (ev 33) will be made and timer will be reset (ev 23). b. If the voltage deviation V > ID and V is positive (ev 14) then the timer will start and when it times out (ev 28) then a tap decrease command (ev 31) will be made and the timer will be reset (ev 23). c. If the voltage returns to the dead band (ev 12), because of smooth system dynamics or a tap change or some other system events, then the timer is blocked and reset (ev 25). d. If the voltage exceeds the value set for quick lowering (ev 16), then the timer becomes 0 second and therefore the lowering tap command (ev 31) happens instantaneously. e. If a fault in tap increase or decrease happens (ev 30), or operator forces the system from Automatic to manual mode at any time (ev 43) the system moves to the manual state and waits for the operator. f. The time delay of the ULTC is determined based on the SVC operation condition. When the applied susceptance of the SVC is increasing, the time delay of the ULTC will be Fig. 6. DES models for ULTC control specification (SP1 and SP2) 2. SVC Specification- The specification for SVC shown in Fig. 11. And it has following characteristics. a. When the controlled bus voltage is within the desired SVC switching points (ev 80), the fixed voltage reference control with the slope X SL1 is switched on (ev 81 and ev 85). b. When the controlled bus voltage crosses out the desired switching points (ev 82), the floating voltage reference control with the slope X SL2 is switched on (ev 83 and ev 87). c. When the SVC output is returned back to the steady state margin (ev 50), the changeover from the floating voltage reference control and slope X SL2 to a fixed voltage reference control and slope X SL1 is utilized (ev 81 and ev 85). These specifications of SVC are model as DES in the following Fig. 7. 4
5 Fig. 7. DES models for SVC control specification V. SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYNTHESIS By using the specification and plant model in TCT, the supervisory control is obtained in Automatic and Auto/Manual Mode. TCT is software developed for modeling and synthesis of supervisory control for DES. Design of the DES supervisor for SVC and ULTC model- ULTC_PLANT = Sync (TT, TC, VM, TA, OP) (252, 2658) Blocked_events = None SVC_PLANT = Sync (SSW, SM, VM1) (4, 28) Blocked_events = None PLANT_11 = Sync (ULTC_PLANT, SVC_PLANT) (1008, 17688) Blocked_events = None ULTC_SPEC_11=Meet(SPEC_ULTC_111,SPEC_ULTC_222) (90,821) SPEC_ULTC_SVC_11=Meet(ULTC_11_SPEC,SVC_SPEC_1) (540, 5826) SUP_11_A = Supcon (PLANT_11,SPEC_ULTC_SVC_11) (112,516) CON_SUP=Condat(PLANT_11,SUP_11_A) Controllable. SIM_SUP_11_A=Supreduce(PLANT_11,SUP_11_A,CON_SUP) (36,210;slb=36) true = Nonconflict (PLANT_11, SUP_11_A) M_SUP_11_A = Minstate (SUP_11_A) (80,348) true = Nonconflict (PLANT_11, M_SUP_11_A) TEST_M_SUP_11_A = Meet (PLANT_11, M_SUP_11_A) (80,348) true= Isomorph (TEST_M_SUP_11_A, M_SUP_11_A; identity) The size of the supervisor can be reducing by minstate. Minstate reduces the supervisor to a minimal state transition structure that generates the same closed and marked languages. VI. CONCLUTION This paper presents the application part of the supervisory control of DES in the field of power system. Different components are model in DES. This paper shows different solutions proposed for supervisory control of DES and implemented for problem related to electrical power system. The problem of voltage variations by ULTC is first model in terms of plant and control logics. Then supervisory controllers are design for ULTC in TCT software. It is guaranteed by the synthesis procedure that the designed supervisors are optimal and non blocking. The state size of the supervisory controllers is reducing for easier implementation. Step by step synthesis of the DES supervisory control is suggested. The plants and their control specification should be modeled, followed by the designing the supervisor. A non blocking supervisory control to coordinate the SVC and ULTC are synthesized. The ULTC and the SVC components are their specification has been modeled as finite automata. Controllability of the specification is evaluated and supervisory controllers have been designed in TCT program. REFERENCE [1] Afzalian A, Saadatpoor A and Wonham W.M. Discrete Event System Modeling and Supervisory Control for Under Load Tap Changing Transformer IEEE International Conference on Control Application Proceeding, 2006, Munich, Germany [2] Noorbakhsh M and Afzalian A (2007b). Design and PLC Based Implementation of Supervisory Controller for Under Load Tap Changer. Proc. of the 2007 IEEE Int. Conf. on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 07), pp , Seoul, Korea. [3] Afzalian A, Nabavi Niaki S.A, Iravani R, Wonham W.M. Discrete Event Systems Supervisory Control for a Dynamic Flow Controller. IEEE Trans. On Power Delovery, 24(1), 2009, pp: [4] Afzalian A, Noorbakhsh M. PLC Implementation of Decentralized Supervisory Control for Dynamic Flow Controller IEEE Multi Conference on Systems and Control (CCA 08), San Antonio, Texas (USA), September 3-5, [5] Ramdage P.J. and Wonham W.M. The Control of Discrete Event System, Proceeding of IEEE, vol. 77, no. 1, [6] Wonham W.M. Workshop on Supervisory Control of Discrete Event System at IT-BHU Varanasi, January [7] Brandin B.A. and Wonham W.M. Modular Supervisory Control of Timed Discrete Event Systems, Proceeding of the 32 nd Conf. on Decision and Control, San Antonio, Texas, December [8] Wonham W.M. and Lei. F. TCT A Computation tool for supervisory Control Synthesis Proceeding of 8 th International Workshop on DES, Ann Arbor, Michigan U.S.A., July 10-12, [9] Wonham W.M. Supervisory Control of Discrete Event System. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto 2008, available at [10] M. Noorbakhsh M and Afzalian A (2009), Modeling and Synthesis of DES Supervisory Control for Coordinating ULTC and SVC American Control Conf. (ACC 09), pp , Saint Louis, Missouri,USA. 5
Transient Stability Improvement of Long Transmission Line System by Using SVC
Transient Stability Improvement of Long Transmission Line System by Using SVC Dr.Tarlochan Kaur 1 and Sandeep Kakran 2 1 Associate Professor, EED, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India 2 Assistant
More informationDISCRETE-event dynamic systems (DEDS) are dynamic
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 7, NO. 2, MARCH 1999 175 The Supervised Control of Discrete-Event Dynamic Systems François Charbonnier, Hassane Alla, and René David Abstract The supervisory
More informationPOWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING SVC WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION USING SVC WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER Puranik Sahu 1, Arun Pachori 2 1 puranik1987@gmail.com Abstract: To transmit or distribute fixed amount of power at fixed voltage, the conductor
More informationIJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 ISSN (online):
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Comparison of Shunt Facts Devices for the Improvement of Transient Stability of Two Machine
More informationTransient Stability Improvement in Transmission System Using SVC with fuzzy logic Control
Transient Stability Improvement in Transmission System Using SVC with fuzzy logic Control Aashutosh Khasdeo Assistant Professor, Dept of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, LNCT Bhopal, MP, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationRequirements for Data for Power System Modeling and Analysis (MOD-032-1) Arizona Public Service Company
Requirements for Data for Power System Modeling and Analysis (MOD-032-1) Arizona Public Service Company December 29, 2016 APS Requirements for Data for Power System Modeling and Analysis Table of Contents
More informationSVC & TCSC for Minmum Operational Cost Under Different Loading Condition
SVC & TCSC for Minmum Operational Cost Under Different ing Condition Biplab Bhattacharyya 1 Associate Professor, Electrical Engg. Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India Email: biplabrec@yahoo.com S.K.Goswami
More informationRobust Pole Placement using Linear Quadratic Regulator Weight Selection Algorithm
329 Robust Pole Placement using Linear Quadratic Regulator Weight Selection Algorithm Vishwa Nath 1, R. Mitra 2 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
More informationIntegration of analytic model and simulation model for analysis on system survivability
6 Integration of analytic model and simulation model for analysis on system survivability Jang Se Lee Department of Computer Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea Summary The objective
More informationVirtual Plant for Control Program Verification
2011 International Conference on Circuits, System and Simulation IPCSIT vol.7 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Virtual Plant for Control Program Verification Sangchul Park 1 + and June S. Jang 2 1
More informationA Novel Approach to Small Signal Stability Enhancement using Fuzzy Thyristor Susceptance control of SVC using Lyapunov Stability
16th NATIONAL POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, 15th-17th DECEMBER, 2010 278 A Novel Approach to Small Signal Stability Enhancement using Fuzzy Thyristor Susceptance control of SVC using Lyapunov Stability D.Harikrishna,
More informationArtificial Neural Network Controller With Static VAR Compensator to Improve Transient Stability for A Grid Connected Distributed Generation System
nternational Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Management SSN 2320 3439, Vol. 07, No. 02, March 2018, pp. 01 05 Artificial Neural Network Controller With Static VAR Compensator to mprove Transient
More informationFAdo: Interactive Tools for Learning Formal Computational Models
FAdo: Interactive Tools for Learning Formal Computational Models Rogério Reis Nelma Moreira DCC-FC& LIACC, Universidade do Porto R. do Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal {rvr,nam}@ncc.up.pt Abstract
More informationThis section is maintained by the drafting team during the development of the standard and will be removed when the standard becomes effective.
Standard Development Timeline This section is maintained by the drafting team during the development of the standard and will be removed when the standard becomes effective. Development Steps Completed
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI EE-2401 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL UNIT-III REACTIVE POWER VOLTAGE CONTROL
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621213 EE-2401 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL UNIT-III REACTIVE POWER VOLTAGE CONTROL TWO MARKS: 1. What are the sources of reactive power? How it is
More informationModeling and Simulation of Static VAR Compensator Controller for Improvement of Voltage Level in Transmission Lines
Modeling and Simulation of Static VAR Compensator Controller for Improvement of Voltage Level in Transmission Lines 1 B.T.RAMAKRISHNA RAO, 2 N.GAYATRI, 3 P.BALAJI, 4 K.SINDHU 1 Associate Professor, Department
More informationFault Detection of Reachability Testing with Game Theoretic Approach
Fault Detection of Reachability Testing with Game Theoretic Approach S. Preetha Dr.M. Punithavalli Research Scholar, Karpagam University, Coimbatore. Director, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore.
More informationProduct constructions for transitive decompositions of graphs
116 Product constructions for transitive decompositions of graphs Geoffrey Pearce Abstract A decomposition of a graph is a partition of the edge set, giving a set of subgraphs. A transitive decomposition
More informationUltraDES - A Library for Modeling, Analysis and Control of Discrete Event Systems
UltraDES - A Library for Modeling, Analysis and Control of Discrete Event Systems Lucas V. R. Alves Lucas R. R. Martins Patrícia N. Pena COLTEC - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG,
More informationAutomatic synthesis of switching controllers for linear hybrid systems: Reachability control
Automatic synthesis of switching controllers for linear hybrid systems: Reachability control Massimo Benerecetti and Marco Faella Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy Abstract. We consider the problem
More informationStatic Var Compensator: Effect of Fuzzy Controller and Changing Membership Functions in its operation
International Journal of Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2158 Volume 6, Number 2 (2013), pp. 189-196 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Static Var Compensator: Effect of
More informationOptimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using Hybrid Loop-Genetic Based Algorithm
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Using Hybrid Loop-Genetic Based Algorithm Md Sajjad Alam Student Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Patna Patna-800005, Bihar, India
More informationChapter 3 MODELING OF SHUNT FACTS DEVICES. The Shunt FACTS Devices are used for voltage control and
44 Chapter 3 MODELING OF SHUNT FACTS DEVICES 3.0 Introduction The Shunt FACTS Devices are used for voltage control and power flow control, but these are good at for voltage control. These are not in a
More informationStandard Development Timeline
Standard Development Timeline This section is maintained by the drafting team during the development of the standard and will be removed when the standard becomes effective. Description of Current Draft
More informationRe-Synchronization of Permutation Codes with Viterbi-Like Decoding
1 Re-Synchronization of Permutation Codes with Viterbi-Like Decoding Ling Cheng, Theo G. Swart and Hendrik C. Ferreira Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science University of Johannesburg,
More informationQualitative Analysis of WorkFlow nets using Linear Logic: Soundness Verification
Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics San Antonio, TX, USA - October 2009 Qualitative Analysis of WorkFlow nets using Linear Logic: Soundness Verification
More informationComputer Science Technical Report
Computer Science Technical Report Feasibility of Stepwise Addition of Multitolerance to High Atomicity Programs Ali Ebnenasir and Sandeep S. Kulkarni Michigan Technological University Computer Science
More informationON-LINE QUALITATIVE MODEL-BASED DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS USING COLORED PETRI NETS
ON-LINE QUALITATIVE MODEL-BASED DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS USING COLORED PETRI NETS Adrien Leitold 1 Miklós Gerzson 2 Anna I. Pózna 2 and Katalin M. Hangos 2,3 1 Department of Mathematics 3 Process
More informationPerformance Limitations of Some Industrial PID Controllers
Performance Limitations of Some ndustrial P Controllers Flávio Faccin and Jorge O. Trierweiler * Chemical Engineering epartment Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil Abstract
More informationEnhancing The Fault-Tolerance of Nonmasking Programs
Enhancing The Fault-Tolerance of Nonmasking Programs Sandeep S Kulkarni Ali Ebnenasir Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Abstract In this
More informationA New Optimal State Assignment Technique for Partial Scan Designs
A New Optimal State Assignment Technique for Partial Scan Designs Sungju Park, Saeyang Yang and Sangwook Cho The state assignment for a finite state machine greatly affects the delay, area, and testabilities
More informationMinimal Communication in a Distributed Discrete-Event System
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, VOL. 48, NO. 6, JUNE 2003 957 Minimal Communication in a Distributed Discrete-Event System Karen Rudie, Senior Member, IEEE, Stéphane Lafortune, Fellow, IEEE, and
More informationSmarandache Directionally n-signed Graphs A Survey
International J.Math. Combin. Vol.2(2013), 34-43 Smarandache Directionally n-signed Graphs A Survey P.Siva Kota Reddy (Department of Mathematics, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soladevanahalli, Bangalore-560
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Compiler Design
i About the Tutorial A compiler translates the codes written in one language to some other language without changing the meaning of the program. It is also expected that a compiler should make the target
More informationFuzzy based Excitation system for Synchronous Generator
Fuzzy based Excitation system for Synchronous Generator Dr. Pragya Nema Professor, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, West Bangal. India ABSTRACT- Power system stability is essential requirement
More informationCT32 COMPUTER NETWORKS DEC 2015
Q.2 a. Using the principle of mathematical induction, prove that (10 (2n-1) +1) is divisible by 11 for all n N (8) Let P(n): (10 (2n-1) +1) is divisible by 11 For n = 1, the given expression becomes (10
More informationTopological Design of Minimum Cost Survivable Computer Communication Networks: Bipartite Graph Method
Topological Design of Minimum Cost Survivable Computer Communication Networks: Bipartite Graph Method Kamalesh V.N Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sathyabama University,
More informationAnalysis of End-to-End Delay Characteristics among Various Packet Sizes in Modern Substation Communication Systems based on IEC 61850
Analysis of End-to-End Delay Characteristics among Various Packet Sizes in Modern Substation Communication Systems based on IEC 6185 Narottam Das, Senior Member, IEEE, Tze Jia Wong, and Syed Islam, Senior
More informationCiA Draft Standard Proposal 408. CANopen. Device Profile Fluid Power Technology Proportional Valves and Hydrostatic Transmissions
CiA Draft Standard Pposal 408 CApen Device Pfile Fluid Power Technology Pportional Valves and Hydstatic Transmissions This draft standard pposal may be changed without notification. Version 1.5.1 Date:
More informationOptimizing the Parameters of Handover in LTE using SON System by Handling Mobility Robustness
Optimizing the Parameters of Handover in LTE using SON System by Handling Mobility Robustness G K Venkatesh PhD Scholar Jain University, Chickballapur, India Dr.P.V.Rao Prof. Dept. of ECE Rajarajeshwari
More informationDiscrete Event Simulation and Petri net Modeling for Reliability Analysis
Discrete Event Simulation and Petri net Modeling for Reliability Analysis * Behrouz Safarinejadian Shiraz University of Technology, safarinejad@sutech.ac.ir Abstract. Analytical methods in reliability
More informationDesign of Deterministic Finite Automata using Pattern Matching Strategy
Design of Deterministic Finite Automata using Pattern Matching Strategy V. N. V Srinivasa Rao 1, Dr. M. S. S. Sai 2 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering KKR
More informationHYBRID PETRI NET MODEL BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. Janetta Culita, Simona Caramihai, Calin Munteanu
HYBRID PETRI NET MODEL BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM Janetta Culita, Simona Caramihai, Calin Munteanu Politehnica University of Bucharest Dept. of Automatic Control and Computer Science E-mail: jculita@yahoo.com,
More informationSimulation and Analysis of Static Var Compensator with Matlab
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 4 Issue 12 Pages PP -07-11 2015 ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 Simulation and Analysis of Static Var Compensator with Matlab
More informationAn Approach for Reconfigurable Automated Processes in Agile Manufacturing
7 An Approach for Reconfigurable Automated Processes in Agile Manufacturing Marco Antonio Busetti de Paula Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil E-mail: marco.busetti@pucpr.br
More informationInternational ejournals
ISSN 2249 5460 Available online at www.internationalejournals.com International ejournals International Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Technology and Humanities 96 (2013) 1063 1069 Image Interpolation
More informationOPTIMUM CAPACITY ALLOCATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UNITS USING PARALLEL PSO USING MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE
OPTIMUM CAPACITY ALLOCATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UNITS USING PARALLEL PSO USING MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE Rosamma Thomas 1, Jino M Pattery 2, Surumi Hassainar 3 1 M.Tech Student, Electrical and Electronics,
More informationHybrid STATCOM / SVC Workgroup 15 th May 2014
Hybrid STATCOM / SVC Workgroup 15 th May 2014 Place your chosen image here. The four corners must just cover the arrow tips. For covers, the three pictures should be the same size and in a straight line.
More informationVoltage Stability assessment by SVC Device Via CPF
ICEN 2 International Conference on Electrical Networks. Sidi Bel-Abbès, September 28 & 29,2 Voltage Stability assessment by SVC Device Via CPF O. L. BEKI *, M.K. FELLAH** and M. F. BENKHOIS *** * ICEPS
More informationQuantum Chargers Enhanced AC Line Transient Immunity
Introduction Quantum Chargers Enhanced AC Line Transient Immunity By: Nasser Kutkut, PhD, DBA Advanced Charging Technologies Inc. This white paper outlines the most common AC power quality disturbances
More informationIMAGE DE-NOISING IN WAVELET DOMAIN
IMAGE DE-NOISING IN WAVELET DOMAIN Aaditya Verma a, Shrey Agarwal a a Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India - (aaditya, ashrey)@iitk.ac.in KEY WORDS: Wavelets,
More informationResearch Article Modeling and Simulation Based on the Hybrid System of Leasing Equipment Optimal Allocation
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society Volume 215, Article ID 459381, 5 pages http://dxdoiorg/11155/215/459381 Research Article Modeling and Simulation Based on the Hybrid System of Leasing Equipment
More informationMA513: Formal Languages and Automata Theory Topic: Context-free Grammars (CFG) Lecture Number 18 Date: September 12, 2011
MA53: Formal Languages and Automata Theory Topic: Context-free Grammars (CFG) Lecture Number 8 Date: September 2, 20 xercise: Define a context-free grammar that represents (a simplification of) expressions
More informationAutomation Systems Discrete Event Control Systems and Networked Automation Systems
Automation Systems Discrete Event Control Systems and Networked Automation Systems 2 nd Lecture Control Design Process System theory or Software-Engineering? System Theory Starting point: mathematical
More informationModel checking pushdown systems
Model checking pushdown systems R. Ramanujam Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai jam@imsc.res.in Update Meeting, IIT-Guwahati, 4 July 2006 p. 1 Sources of unboundedness Data manipulation: integers,
More informationStudy of Transient Stability Improvement of IEEE 9-Bus System by using SVC
Study of Transient Stability Improvement of IEEE 9-Bus System by using SVC Rathnasagar Rangu 1, Poonam Upadhyay 2 1 PG Student, VNR VJIET, Hyderabad, India 2 Professor, VNR VJIET, Hyderabad, India Abstract
More informationONLINE CLOSED-LOOP OPTIMIZATION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
ONLINE CLOSED-LOOP OPTIMIZATION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS Werner FEILHAUER Michael HEINE Andreas SCHMIDT PSI AG, EE DE PSI AG, EE DE PSI AG, EE - DE wfeilhauer@psi.de mheine@psi.de aschmidt@psi.de ABSTRACT
More informationDESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CARRY SELECT ADDER
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CARRY SELECT ADDER Bhuvaneswaran.M 1, Elamathi.K 2 Assistant Professor, Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, India 1 Assistant Professor, Muthayammal
More informationStandard Development Timeline
Standard Development Timeline This section is maintained by the drafting team during the development of the standard and will be removed when the standard becomes effective. Description of Current Draft
More informationDecentralized Supervisory Control with Communicating Controllers
1620 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, VOL. 45, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2000 Decentralized Supervisory Control with Communicating Controllers George Barrett, Member, IEEE, Stéphane Lafortune, Fellow, IEEE
More informationHVDC Control and Protection Testing Using the RTDS Simulator
HVDC Control and Protection Testing Using the RTDS Simulator Yong-Beum Yoon, Tae-Kyun Kim, Seung-Tae Cha Power System Research Laboratory, Korea Electric Power Research Institute, Korea Abstract: Many
More informationStrong Chromatic Number of Fuzzy Graphs
Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014, 52-60 ISSN: 2279-087X (P), 2279-0888(online) Published on 18 September 2014 www.researchmathsci.org Annals of Strong Chromatic Number of Fuzzy
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET) ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- September (2012), pp. 157-166 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.html Journal
More informationF. Wagner April 2003 revised April any Boolean expression can be represented by an OR combination of AND expressions
F. Wagner April 2003 revised April 2009 The Virtual Environment Boolean algebra We all know Boolean algebra. We use its rules all the time while programming. For the purpose of this note let s write down
More informationFormal Languages and Automata
Mobile Computing and Software Engineering p. 1/3 Formal Languages and Automata Chapter 3 Regular languages and Regular Grammars Chuan-Ming Liu cmliu@csie.ntut.edu.tw Department of Computer Science and
More informationISSN: ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 7, Issue 1, July 2017
Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System Using Market Splitting Based Approach Manish Harchand 1, KanwardeepSingh 2 M.Tech student 1, Associate professor 2 Department of Electrical Engineering,
More informationNetwork Traffic Anomaly Detection based on Ratio and Volume Analysis
190 Network Traffic Anomaly Detection based on Ratio and Volume Analysis Hyun Joo Kim, Jung C. Na, Jong S. Jang Active Security Technology Research Team Network Security Department Information Security
More informationComplexity Theory. Compiled By : Hari Prasad Pokhrel Page 1 of 20. ioenotes.edu.np
Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Purpose of the Theory of Computation: Develop formal mathematical models of computation that reflect real-world computers. Nowadays, the Theory of Computation can be
More informationMODEL FOR DELAY FAULTS BASED UPON PATHS
MODEL FOR DELAY FAULTS BASED UPON PATHS Gordon L. Smith International Business Machines Corporation Dept. F60, Bldg. 706-2, P. 0. Box 39 Poughkeepsie, NY 12602 (914) 435-7988 Abstract Delay testing of
More informationVoltage Profile Improvement of Transmission Lines Using Static VAR Compensator
Voltage Profile Improvement of Transmission Lines Using Static VAR Compensator Devendra Kumar Sahu 1, Ankit Dubey 2 PG Student [ED&PS], Dept. of EEE, Disha Institute of Management & Technology, Raipur,
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue, February-1 1 Voltage Stability Enhancement through Static Var Compensator A.S. Siddiqui 1, Tanmoy Deb Jamia Millia Islamia, New
More informationInverted Index for Fast Nearest Neighbour
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320 088X IMPACT FACTOR: 5.258 IJCSMC,
More informationLexical Analysis. Dragon Book Chapter 3 Formal Languages Regular Expressions Finite Automata Theory Lexical Analysis using Automata
Lexical Analysis Dragon Book Chapter 3 Formal Languages Regular Expressions Finite Automata Theory Lexical Analysis using Automata Phase Ordering of Front-Ends Lexical analysis (lexer) Break input string
More informationRedundancy Resolution by Minimization of Joint Disturbance Torque for Independent Joint Controlled Kinematically Redundant Manipulators
56 ICASE :The Institute ofcontrol,automation and Systems Engineering,KOREA Vol.,No.1,March,000 Redundancy Resolution by Minimization of Joint Disturbance Torque for Independent Joint Controlled Kinematically
More informationOptimizing Performance of Fast Transfer Schemes
MOTOR BUS TRANSFER Application Note #19 Optimizing Performance of Fast Transfer Schemes 1. INTRODUCTION The sequential fast transfer method for plant auxiliary motor buses has been practised and applied
More informationThe alternator. Mohamed G. Gouda F. Furman Haddix
Distrib. Comput. (2007) 20:21 28 DOI 10.1007/s00446-007-0033-1 The alternator Mohamed G. Gouda F. Furman Haddix Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 July 2000 / Published online: 12 June 2007 Springer-Verlag
More informationlec3:nondeterministic finite state automata
lec3:nondeterministic finite state automata 1 1.introduction Nondeterminism is a useful concept that has great impact on the theory of computation. When the machine is in a given state and reads the next
More informationBipolar Fuzzy Line Graph of a Bipolar Fuzzy Hypergraph
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 13, No 1 Sofia 2013 Print ISSN: 1311-9702; Online ISSN: 1314-4081 DOI: 10.2478/cait-2013-0002 Bipolar Fuzzy Line Graph of a
More informationOmni. User Manual. Economic Self-Tune PID Temperature Controller. Omni 96. Omni 72 72X72. Omni ~ 265 V AC SUPPLY
Omni Economic Self-Tune PID Temperature Controller Omni 7 Omni 4 6 5 4 3 1 7X7 7 1 11 5 ~ 65 V AC SUPPLY Omni 6 CONTENTS 1. PANEL MOUNTING & ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 1. FRONT PANEL : LAYOUT AND OPERATION
More informationThe Dual Neighborhood Number of a Graph
Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, Vol. 5, 2010, no. 47, 2327-2334 The Dual Neighborhood Number of a Graph B. Chaluvaraju 1, V. Lokesha 2 and C. Nandeesh Kumar 1 1 Department of Mathematics Central College
More informationStudy on Indoor and Outdoor environment for Mobile Ad Hoc Network: Random Way point Mobility Model and Manhattan Mobility Model
Study on and Outdoor for Mobile Ad Hoc Network: Random Way point Mobility Model and Manhattan Mobility Model Ibrahim khider,prof.wangfurong.prof.yinweihua,sacko Ibrahim khider, Communication Software and
More informationA Novel Digital Relay Model Based on SIMULINK and Its Validation Based on Expert System
A Novel Digital Relay Model Based on SIMULINK and Its Validation Based on Expert System X. Luo, Student Member, IEEE, and M. Kezunovic, Fellow, IEEE Abstract This paper presents the development of a novel
More informationFinite Automata. Dr. Nadeem Akhtar. Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science & IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Finite Automata Dr. Nadeem Akhtar Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science & IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur PhD Laboratory IRISA-UBS University of South Brittany European University
More informationImplementation of Lifting-Based Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform on FPGA Using Pipeline Architecture
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 5 number 5 Nov 2013 Implementation of Lifting-Based Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform on FPGA Using Pipeline Architecture
More informationNeha 1, Abhishek Sharma 2 1 M.Tech, 2 Assistant Professor. Department of Cse, Shri Balwant College of Engineering &Technology, Dcrust University
Methods of Regular Expression Neha 1, Abhishek Sharma 2 1 M.Tech, 2 Assistant Professor Department of Cse, Shri Balwant College of Engineering &Technology, Dcrust University Abstract - Regular expressions
More informationCommit Protocols and their Issues in Distributed Databases
Proceedings of the 4 th National Conference; INDIACom-2010 Computing For Nation Development, February 25 26, 2010 Bharati Vidyapeeth s Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi Commit
More informationCLOSED LOOP SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM Lucchesi Alejandro (a), Campomar Guillermo (b), Zanini Aníbal (c) (a,b) Facultad Regional San Nicolás Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (FRSN-UTN),
More informationGeneration of Concurrency Control Code using Discrete-Event Systems Theory
Generation of Concurrency Control Code using Discrete-Event Systems Theory Christopher Dragert School of Computing Queen s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada dragert@cs.queensu.ca Juergen Dingel School
More informationRESTORATION OF DEGRADED DOCUMENTS USING IMAGE BINARIZATION TECHNIQUE
RESTORATION OF DEGRADED DOCUMENTS USING IMAGE BINARIZATION TECHNIQUE K. Kaviya Selvi 1 and R. S. Sabeenian 2 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Communication Systems, Sona College
More informationKey words: B- Spline filters, filter banks, sub band coding, Pre processing, Image Averaging IJSER
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 9, September-2016 470 Analyzing Low Bit Rate Image Compression Using Filters and Pre Filtering PNV ABHISHEK 1, U VINOD KUMAR
More informationIntroduction to Syntax Analysis
Compiler Design 1 Introduction to Syntax Analysis Compiler Design 2 Syntax Analysis The syntactic or the structural correctness of a program is checked during the syntax analysis phase of compilation.
More informationPerformance Analysis of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 in IP-based Cellular Networks
Performance Analysis of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 in IP-based Cellular Networks Sangheon Pack and Yanghee Choi School of Computer Science & Engineering Seoul National University Seoul, Korea Abstract Next-generation
More informationSynthesis & Simulation Model of Parallel Lift Controller Using Verilog
Synthesis & Simulation Model of Parallel Lift Controller Using Verilog Mohd Sabir Siddiqui 1 Kamil Hasan 2 1 PG Student (M. Tech), Dept. of ECE, AFSET Faridabad, Haryana, India. 2 Assistant Professor,
More informationChanan Singh Texas A&M University PSERC Webinar November 22, 2016
Chanan Singh Texas A&M University (singh@ece.tamu.edu) PSERC Webinar November 22, 2016 1 Modern power systems: integration of current carrying components (for power delivery), monitoring, computing, communication
More informationIEC Compliant Control Code Generation from Discrete Event Models
Proceedings of the 13th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation Limassol, Cyprus, June 27-29, 2005 MoM04-3 IEC 61131-3 Compliant Control Code Generation from Discrete Event Models Gašper Mušič,
More informationarxiv:cs/ v1 [cs.cc] 20 Jul 2005
arxiv:cs/0507052v1 [cs.cc] 20 Jul 2005 Finite automata for testing uniqueness of Eulerian trails Qiang Li T-Life Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Hui-Min Xie Department of Mathematics,
More informationMODELING AND SIMULATION OF SVC CONTROLLER FOR ENHANCEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SVC CONTROLLER FOR ENHANCEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM STABILITY Alisha Banga 1 and S.S. Kaushik 2 1 Lecturer ECE Deptt., Advanced Institute of Technology & Management, Palwal. 2 Assistant
More informationDigital image processing
Digital image processing Image enhancement algorithms: grey scale transformations Any digital image can be represented mathematically in matrix form. The number of lines in the matrix is the number of
More information(b) Linking and dynamic graph t=
1 (a) (b) (c) 2 2 2 1 1 1 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 7 7 7 Supplementary Figure 1: Controlling a directed tree of seven nodes. To control the whole network we need at least 3 driver nodes, which can be either
More informationA Systematic Approach to Network Coding Problems using Conflict Graphs
A Systematic Approach to Network Coding Problems using Conflict Graphs Jay Kumar Sundararajan Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139,
More information