Which is the Best Modeling Language? Sukriti Goel Tutorial BPM 2013 August 2013

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1 Which is the Best Modeling Language? Sukriti Goel Tutorial BPM 2013 August 2013

2 Questions Which modeling language will fulfill my objective of modeling? There are so Our many Question modeling languages. is: Which one shall I use?

2 2 Questions Which modeling language will fulfill my objective of modeling? There are so Our many Question modeling languages. is: Which one shall I use? Can a modeling language represent Can I represent the real world phenomenon using the modeling real language? world phenomenon of my domain completely and Will every one perceive the model in the same way as I intend to? unambiguously as per my Is my understanding of model matches the objective? understanding of process author?

3 3 Objective Learn to evaluate modeling languages

4 4 Agenda Evaluation Method of Modeling Languages Learn Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) Ontology Evaluation of Petri Net Hands-on - Evaluation of BPMN Summary

5 Evaluation Method

6 Evaluation Method 6 Evaluation Criteria Aspects of Modeling Language Grammar Syntax Pragmatics Semantics

7 Evaluation Method 7 Evaluation Method 1:1 1. One-to-one construct mapping 1:n 2. Construct redundancy 3. Construct overload 1:0 n:1 0:1 4. Construct deficit 5. Construct excess Benchmark Ontology Modeling grammar to be evaluated

8 Evaluation Method 8 What is Ontology? The philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

9 Evaluation Method 9 Which Ontology? We will evaluate the modeling grammar against Bunge-Wand- Weber (BWW) Ontology

10 BWW Ontology 10

11 BWW Ontology 11 BWW Ontology Based on Mario Bunge s Ontology to represent the real World Bunge s Ontology extended by Yair Wand and Ron Weber to model real world phenomenon that are represented by Information Systems Collectively known as Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) representation model

12 BWW Ontology 12 Constructs of BWW Ontology World is made of things Things have properties Properties are represented by attributes Things can be simple or composite Properties can be simple or composite Properties can be intrinsic or emergent

13 BWW Ontology 13 Constructs of BWW Ontology Things are in some state State is determined by value of attributes of thing at a given point of reference Thing has conceivable set of states Conceivable state space Thing has a lawful set of states Lawful state space

14 BWW Ontology 14 Constructs of BWW Ontology Things Change Change is identified by state transformation Thing can be in stable or unstable state Event leads to state transformation Event can be internal or external Event can be simple or complex Events are well defined or poorly defined Thing has a set of lawful event Lawful event space

15 BWW Ontology 15 Constructs of BWW Ontology Things interact with each other To build a system Things in system have emergent properties Things interact with each other through change in attribute values World is a system where each thing interact with at least one other thing

16 Evaluation of Petri Net 16

17 Evaluation of Petri Net 17 Petri Net Constructs Place Transition Arc Token Marking Colored Petri Net Constructs Token Color Color Set for Place

18 Evaluation of Petri Net 18 Evaluation of Petri Net BWW Construct Petri Net Construct Colored Petri Net Construct Thing Not Defined Can be Inferred Property and Attributes Not Defined Can be Inferred Class and Kind Not Defined Not Defined State Not Defined Place + Token Conceivable State Space Not Defined Not Defined State Law Not Defined Partial (Domain values of token variables) Lawful State Space Not Defined Color set represents lawful and equivalent state subspace. Unions of state subspaces for all places is the lawful state space.

19 Evaluation of Petri Net 19 Evaluation of Petri Net BWW Construct Petri Net Construct Colored Petri Net Construct Event Not Defined The triple <place, transition, place> represents the event subspace Conceivable Event Space Not Defined All <Place + Transition + Place> Lawful Event Space Not Defined Not Defined Lawful Transformation Not Defined Not Defined Transformation Transition Transition History Event Log Event Log Well-defined Event Not Defined Not Defined Poorly defined Event Not Defined Transition

20 Evaluation of Petri Net 20 Evaluation of Petri Net BWW Construct Petri Net Construct Colored Petri Net Construct Acts On Not Defined Not Defined System Model Model System Composition Not Defined Not Defined System Environment Not Defined Not Defined Subsystem Not Defined Sub-process External Event Not Defined First transition of the process, there may be more but not defined Internal Event Not Defined Not Defined Stable State Initial and final place Initial and final place Unstable State All places (states) except source and sink All places (states) except source and sink

21 Evaluation of Petri Net 21 Propositions No information of Things leads to no knowledge of participants Not able to represent business rules as events are not clearly defined No information of domain laws in PN as there is representation of conceivable/lawful state space and state law No distinction between internal and external events and stable and unstable states leads to lack of knowledge of relation between participants and how they interact No knowledge of properties leads to lack of focus

22 Hands-On Evaluation of Business Process Modeling Notation 22

23 Sample BPMN Model

24 Constructs of BPMN 24

25 Discussion

26 What We Learnt How to evaluate modeling languages BWW ontology Evaluation results of Petri Net Hands-on evaluation of BPMN

27 Discussion What constructs of BWW representation model do you think are useful? What constructs do you think we can live without in practical scenario? What would you use Petri Net for after seeing the evaluation Are you comfortable using BPMN after evaluating it against a benchmark?

Thank You You can contact me at sukriti_goel@infosys.com 2013 Infosys Limited, Bangalore, India. All Rights Reserved.

28 Thank You You can contact me at 2013 Infosys Limited, Bangalore, India. All Rights Reserved. Infosys believes the information in this document is accurate as of its publication date; such information is subject to change without notice. Infosys acknowledges the proprietary rights of other companies to the trademarks, product names and such other intellectual property rights mentioned in this document. Except as expressly permitted, neither this documentation nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, printing, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Infosys Limited and/ or any named intellectual property rights holders under this document.

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