Oracle PL/SQL - 12c & 11g [Basic PL/SQL & Advanced PL/SQL]

Transcription

1 Chapter Overview of PL/SQL Programs Control Statements Using Loops within PLSQL Oracle PL/SQL - 12c & 11g [Basic PL/SQL & Advanced PL/SQL] Table of Contents Describe a PL/SQL program construct List the components of a PL/SQL block List the benefits of subprograms Architecture of PL/SQL Engine Types of PL/SQL programs Anonymous PL/SQL programs Variables & Constants Declaring Variables - %TYPE & %ROWTYPE Define a record Type Variable Writing simple programs in PLSQL Writing SQL Statements within a PL/SQL program Behavior of SQL statements within PL/SQL Named PL/SQL programs Nested PL/SQL programs Variable Scope within the Nested Blocks Using IF statements Scenarios of IF statements & Overview of GOTO Statement Using CASE within PL/SQL Need of Loop Types of Loops [Basic Loop, FOR Loop, WHILE Loop] Differences between Basic Loop & FOR Loop Using EXIT statement to break the loop Scenarios of FOR Loop Many examples with FOR Loop Simple example for WHILE loop Nested Loops Loop Labels CONTINUE statement with Loop (11g)

2 Cursors Exceptions Stored Procedures Need of Cursors Cursor processing steps [DECLARE, OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE] Types of cursors [ Implicit, Explicit, Ref Cursor] Cursor attributes Using FOR LOOP for cursors Cursor FOR Loops Using Sub-queries Locking the cursor - [FOR UPDATE OF & WHERE CURRENT OF] Common Errors in Cursors Parameterized cursors Effect of the exception Define an exception Handler & Types of exception handlers List of Pre-defined handlers Usage of User defined exception in the real time Error Functions - SQLCODE & SQLERRM Re-raising an Exception - RAISE Usage of RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure Handling the errors inside the nested blocks Using WHEN OTHERS exception Creating User-defined exception Using Pragma EXCEPTION_INIT Overview of Warnings Define a Stored procedure Advantages of Stored procedure Differenced between Anonymous Block & Stored Procedure Using Parameters in SP - Formal & Actual Parameters Parameter modes - IN, OUT, INOUT Usage of Multiple OUT parameters in a SP Usage of IN OUT parameter in a SP Calling a SP using positional notation & named notation Using Default Values within SP Viewing the SP source code Usage of AUTHID clause within SP

3 Functions Packages Triggers Define a function Differences between Procedures v/s Functions Flexibility of using a function Rules for calling a Function from a SQL Statement Effect of function returning without a value Example for a Function returning multiple Values Define a package, components of a package [Header/Body] Public & Private sections of the packages Advantages of Packages Performance Improvements Using Packages Using Global Variables within Package Serially reusable packages Viewing the package information Overloading of the sub-programs in a package Restrictions on overloading of packages Pinning the packages in the SGA In-built packages UTL_FILE DBMS_SQL DBMS_OUTPUT DBMS_SHARED_POOL DBMS_DDL Forward Declaration in Packages Dropping & Recompiling the packages Define Trigger, Advantages of Triggers Difference between stored procedure & a trigger Types of Triggers DML Trigger, DDL Trigger, Instead of Triggers Compound Trigger, System Events Difference between row level & statement level triggers The WHEN Clause Using co-relation identifiers [:OLD & :NEW] DDL triggers System Events

4 Dynamic SQL Ref Cursors Records & Object Types Collections Compound triggers in 11g Instead of Triggers Restrictions of Triggers Effect of Using COMMIT inside a trigger Mutating Trigger Error & to overcome the same Cascading Triggers 11g Features of Triggers Necessity of Dynamic SQL Difference between static SQL & Dynamic SQL Methods of implementing Dynamic SQL [DBMS_SQL & EXECUTE IMMEDIATE] Native Dynamic SQL - Execute IMMEDIATE Using DDL statements within PL/SQL program Difference between Static Cursor & Dynamic Cursors Define a Ref Cursor [Cursor Variables] Types of Ref Cursors [ Strong & Weak Ref Cursors] Using a REF Cursor for passing as OUT parameter to return multiple records from a SP Using a SYS_REFCURSOR data type What is record type? Declaring a record type Advantages of record types Creating a Object type Creating a table with object type Manipulating and Querying the data from the Object tables Differences between Record type & Object type What are collections? Types of collections [Associative Array, Nested Table, VARRAY] Comparing & contrasting the different types of collections Collection Attributes[Methods] Example for using a Associate Array Example for using a Nested Table

5 Bulk Binding Tracking the Dependencies Materialized Views Types of Tables Example for using a VARRAY Passing a collection as an OUT parameter from the SP Returning a collection from a function Creating a collection at the table level Manipulating and Querying the data from the NESTED TABLES Viewing the Collection information Using NOCOPY Hint Common Errors in Collections Define Bulk Binding & Advantages of Bulk Binding Bulk Binding using FORALL Using SAVE EXCEPTIONS Handling FORALL Exceptions Using BULK COLLECT INTO with Queries Using BULK COLLECT INTO with Cursors Using LIMIT clause for the cursor fetch Comparing FOR & FORALL performances How to track the dependency? Dependant and Independent Objects Viewing the information from USER_DEPENDENCIES Tracking hard & soft dependencies Identifying the In-valid objects Re-compiling the programs Creating MVs Advantages of MVs Types of Refreshes Performance improvement using Mviews Viewing Mviews information from dictionary Difference between View & a Mview Define Global Temporary Tables [GTT] Creating & maintaining different types of GTT [Session & Transaction] Define Index-Organized Tables [IOT] Creating an IOT Advantages of IOT Creating Read-Only Tables in Oracle 11g

6 Partitioning SQL* Loader External Tables UTL_FILE package Performance Tuning Partitioning concept & its uses Types of Partitioning Range partitioning List partitioning Hash partitioning Composite Partitioning (combination of Range-Hash & Range-List). for each type of partition Using explain plan for viewing partitioning usage Viewing the Partitioning information from the dictionary Types of files in SQL* Loader (Data,Control,Log,Bad,Discard Files) Creating Data Files - CSV & Position based data files Creating Control Files Interpreting the results in log file Options in Control File Different scenarios of SQLLDR process Using External Tables for accessing the Flat File data Access Parameters used while Creating External Tables Creating & Altering External Tables Limitations of External Tables Viewing the External Tables information Using UTL_FILE package for file reading & writing Creating Oracle Directory required for File reading & writing Methods under UTIL_FILE package Common Exceptions while using UTIL_FILE package Introduction to Oracle Optimizer Describe the functions of the Oracle optimizer Steps in Executing a SQL Query & DML statement (Parse/Exec./Fetch) Identify the factors influencing the optimizer Modes of Oracle Optimizer - RBO & CBO Generating Statistics using ANALYZE command Set the optimizer approach at the instance and session level Use the EXPLAIN PLAN to generate the execution plan of the queries Setting-up the PLAN_TABLE Use the DBMS_XPLAN package

7 Optimizer Hints Best Practices Autonomous Transaction DBMS_SCHEDULER Package PL/SQL Unit Testing Oracle 12c New Features Interpret the Explain Plan results Invoking the SQL Trace facility Setting up appropriate initialization parameters Finding your Trace file Formatting Trace files with TKPROF utility Interpreting the output of the TKPROF command Using AUTOTRACE options Getting Top SQLs from V$SQL view Using AWR reports to interpret the top SQL's Overview of DBMS_PROFILER package Why to use Optimizer hints? Syntax for Optimizer hint Popular hints used - INDEX, NO_INDEX, ALL_ROWS, FIRST_ROWS Improving the Full Table Scans using PARALLET hint Join Methods - Hash Joins, Nested Loops, Sorted Merge Explain Best Practices in SQL with examples Explain Best Practices in PL/ SQL with examples Explain the Transaction Contexts - Parent & Nested Transactions. Pragma Autonomous_Transaction Making a stored procedure as Autonomous Autonomous Trigger & its application Introduction to DBMS_SCHEDULER Package Sample programs Testing of Oracle Programs Choosing correct data for testing Preparing test scripts De-bugging PL/SQL programs 11g Features 12c Features

8 Oracle Server Architecture Additional Topics Placement Assistance & usage Oracle Server Instance Architecture Oracle Memory [SGA & PGA] Background Processes [SMON, PMON, CKPT, DBWR, LGWR] Oracle Physical Layout [Data File/Control File/Redo Logs/Parameter File] Oracle Logical Layout[Tablespace/Segment/Extent/Block] Tablespace creation steps Types of Tablespaces Overview of Table Functions Overview of Pipelined Functions Overview of Deterministic Functions Returning Clause in Oracle Virtual Columns in Oracle Overview of Result Cache Locks [Exclusive Locks, Dead Locks] Bind Variables Preparation of Resume as per student s requirements. Discussion of Interview Questions Tips for cracking the certification if student is taking any certification Project Explanation Assistance to get interviews