CHAPTER 11. Data Normalization
|
|
- Nathaniel Homer Ward
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTER 11 Data Normalization
2 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES How the relational model works How to build use-case models for predicting data usage How to construct entity-relationship diagrams to model your data How to build multi-table databases How joins are used to connect tables How to build a link table to model many-to-many relationships How to optimize your table design for later programming
3 DESIGNING A DATABASE A relational database stores data in a set of tables each of which stores several pieces of data about a single entity such as books, authors, customers, etc. So, for example, the bookstore database might have tables for books, authors, customers, vendors, orders, and orderlines. The books and authors table schemas might be: books(isbn, title, authorid, yearwritten, price, numberonhand) authors(id, lastname, firstname, address, phone, , website) An example books record: (' ', 'For Whom the Bell Tolls', 15, 1940, 19.80, 3) A (fictional) example authors record: (15, 'Hemingway', 'Ernest', '123 Elm Street, Oak Park, Illinois', ' ', 'ernest@hemingway.com', ' The beauty of each table containing data about only one entity is that it eliminates redundancy. For example, each time we add a new book by Hemingway, we need to specify that he is the author, but we would not want to have to re-enter his address, phone, etc. as we would if the author data was stored in the books table.
4 DESIGNING A DATABASE CONT However, with the data stored in different tables, if we want to query the database for a particular title, it's author, and the author's phone number, we need a way to merge the data from the books and authors tables. This we can do in the SELECT statement by connecting each book to it's author with the authorid field as follows: SELECT title, firstname, lastname, phone FROM books, authors WHERE books.authorid = authors.id AND title = 'desiredtitle' The books.authorid field, a foreign key, links each book to its author with the authors.id field, the primary key of the authors table. We say the tables have a relationship. When we connect two tables with a common field like this, it effectively extends each books record with its authors record. The query can thus access fields in both tables. By similar means we can merge more than two tables.
5 DEFINING RULES FOR A GOOD DATA DESIGN Data developers have come up with a list of rules for creating well-behaved databases: Break your data into multiple tables. Make no field with a list of entries. Do not duplicate data. Make each table describe only one entity. Don t store information that should be calculated instead. Create a single primary key field for each table.
6 NORMALIZING YOUR DATA The basic concept of normalization is to break down a database into a series of tables. If each of these tables is designed correctly, the database is less likely to have the sorts of problems described so far.
7 FIRST NORMAL FORM: ELIMINATE LISTED FIELDS A table is in first normal form if and only if it represents a relation. It does not allow nulls or duplicate rows. Eliminate listed fields IE: Specialty field
8 SECOND NORMAL FORM: ELIMINATE REDUNDANCIES A table is in second normal form (2NF) only if it is in 1NF and all nonkey fields are dependent entirely on the candidate key, not just part of it. The next step is to deal with all the potential redundancy issues. These mainly occur because data is entered more than one time. To fix this, you need to build new tables. The agent table could be further improved by moving all data about operations to another table.
9 THIRD NORMAL FORM: ENSURE FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCY A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and has no transitive dependencies on the candidate key. For a table to be in the third normal form, that table must have a single primary key and every field in the table must relate only to that key. For example, the description field is a description of the operation, not the agent, so it belongs in the operation table. In the third phase of normalization, you look through each piece of table data and ensure that it directly relates to the table in which it s placed. If not, either move it to a more appropriate table or build a new table for it.
10 BUILDING YOUR DATA TABLES After designing the data according to the rules of normalization, you are ready to build sample data tables in SQL. It pays to build your tables carefully to avoid problems. Tip: Build all your tables in an SQL script so I can easily rebuild your database if your programs mess up the data structure. And add plenty of sample data in the script.
11 SQL SCRIPT: HOUSE KEEPING The code specifies the database and deletes all tables if they already existed. This behavior ensures that it start with a fresh version of the data. This is also ideal for testing, since you can begin each test with a database in a known state.
12 SQL SCRIPT: CREATING THE AGENT TABLE Recall that the first field in a table is usually called the primary key. Primary keys must be unique and each record must have one. I named each primary key according to a special convention. Primary key names always begin with the table name and end with ID. I added this convention because it makes things easier when I write programs to work with this data. The NOT NULL modifier requires you to put a value in the field. In practice, this ensures that all records of this table must have a primary key. The AUTO_INCREMENT identifier is a special tool that allows MySQL to pick a new value for this field if no value is specified. This will ensure that all entries are unique. In fact, when AUTO_INCREMENT is set, you cannot manually add a value to the field. I added an indicator at the end of the CREATE TABLE statement to indicate that agentid is the primary key of the agent table. The FOREIGN KEY reference indicates that the operationid field acts as a reference to the operation table. Some databases use this information to reinforce relationships. Even if the database does not use this information, it can be useful documentation for the purpose of the field.
13 INSERTING A VALUE INTO THE AGENT TABLE The INSERT statements for the agent table have one new trick made possible by the primary key s AUTO_INCREMENT designation. INSERT INTO agent VALUES( null, 'Bond', 1, ' ' ); The primary key is initialized with the value null. This might be surprising because primary keys are explicitly designed to never contain a null value. Since the agentid field is set to AUTO_INCREMENT, the null value is automatically replaced with an unused integer.
14 INTRODUCING SQL FUNCTIONS SQL has a number of functions built in, which allow you to manipulate the data in various ways.
15 CONVERTING NUMBER OF DAYS TO A DATE Most of the standard math operations work in SQL, but there s a better way. You can convert the number of days back to a date with the FROM_DAYS() function as in Table SELECT name, NOW(), birthday, DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthday) as daysold, FROM_DAYS(DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthday)) FROM agent;
16 CONCATENATING TO BUILD THE AGE FIELD Concatenate values back to one field SELECT name, birthday, CONCAT( YEAR(FROM_DAYS(DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthday))), ' years, ', MONTH(FROM_DAYS(DATEDIFF(NOW(), birthday))), ' months') as age Bond FROM agent;
17 READING Recommended Reading Textbook Example: Building a View Page
18 CODE EXAMPLES FOR THIS CHAPTER The only file that we really need for this chapter is the buildspy.sql SQL script file. Since the ciswebs server will not serve a file with a.sql extension, a copy has been saved as buildspy.sql.txt. A few modifications were made to this file so that it also works on newer versions of MySQL. See the comments at the beginning of the file for more information. ph11withmods.zip is a ZIP folder of the examples, both original and modified versions. Chapter 11 examples
tablename ORDER BY column ASC tablename ORDER BY column DESC sortingorder, } The WHERE and ORDER BY clauses can be combined in one
} The result of a query can be sorted in ascending or descending order using the optional ORDER BY clause. The simplest form of an ORDER BY clause is SELECT columnname1, columnname2, FROM tablename ORDER
More informationNormalization in DBMS
Unit 4: Normalization 4.1. Need of Normalization (Consequences of Bad Design-Insert, Update & Delete Anomalies) 4.2. Normalization 4.2.1. First Normal Form 4.2.2. Second Normal Form 4.2.3. Third Normal
More informationRelational model. Jaroslav Porubän, Miroslav Biňas, Milan Nosáľ (c)
Relational model Jaroslav Porubän, Miroslav Biňas, Milan Nosáľ (c) 2011-2016 Relational database model Data are represented as a mathematical relation (subset of cartesian product) of attribute domains
More informationCS313D: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
CS313D: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Computer Science department Lecture 11: Connection to Databases Lecture Contents 2 What is a database? Relational databases Cases study: A Books Database Querying
More informationCreating the Data Layer
Creating the Data Layer When interacting with any system it is always useful if it remembers all the settings and changes between visits. For example, Facebook has the details of your login and any conversations
More informationNormalization Rule. First Normal Form (1NF) Normalization rule are divided into following normal form. 1. First Normal Form. 2. Second Normal Form
Normalization Rule Normalization rule are divided into following normal form. 1. First Normal Form 2. Second Normal Form 3. Third Normal Form 4. BCNF First Normal Form (1NF) As per First Normal Form, no
More informationTHE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL Introduction to relational DB Basic Objects of relational model Properties of relation Representation of ER model to relation Keys Relational Integrity Rules Functional Dependencies
More informationMIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling. Jing Gong
MIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling Jing Gong gong@temple.edu http://community.mis.temple.edu/gong Where we are Now we re here Data entry Transactional Database Data extraction Analytical
More informationMIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling. Jing Gong
MIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling Jing Gong gong@temple.edu http://community.mis.temple.edu/gong Where we are Now we re here Data entry Transactional Database Data extraction Analytical
More information8) A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS IN DBMS (unit-1 to unit-4) 1) ER model is used in phase a) conceptual database b) schema refinement c) physical refinement d) applications and security 2) The ER model is relevant
More informationHow to design a database
Chapter 16 How to design a database A database system is modeled after a real-word system 2017, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. C 16, Slide 1 2017, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. C 16, Slide 4 Objectives
More informationT-SQL Training: T-SQL for SQL Server for Developers
Duration: 3 days T-SQL Training Overview T-SQL for SQL Server for Developers training teaches developers all the Transact-SQL skills they need to develop queries and views, and manipulate data in a SQL
More informationMySQL. A practical introduction to database design
MySQL A practical introduction to database design Dr. Chris Tomlinson Bioinformatics Data Science Group, Room 126, Sir Alexander Fleming Building chris.tomlinson@imperial.ac.uk Database Classes 24/09/18
More informationIntroduction to Databases and SQL
Introduction to Databases and SQL Files vs Databases In the last chapter you learned how your PHP scripts can use external files to store and retrieve data. Although files do a great job in many circumstances,
More informationTest Bank For A Guide To Mysql 1st Edition By Pratt And Last
Test Bank For A Guide To Mysql 1st Edition By Pratt And Last Link full download test bank: https://digitalcontentmarket.org/download/test-bank-for-a-guide-to-mysql-1st-edition-bypratt-and-last/ Link full
More informationLink download full of Solution Manual:
Test Bank for A Guide to MySQL 1st Edition by Pratt and Last Link download full: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-a-guide-to-mysql-1st-edition-by-prattand-last/ Link download full of Solution
More informationDatabase Systems. Answers
Database Systems Question @ Answers Question 1 What are the most important directories in the MySQL installation? Bin Executable Data Database data Docs Database documentation Question 2 What is the primary
More informationChapter 3B Objectives. Relational Set Operators. Relational Set Operators. Relational Algebra Operations
Chapter 3B Objectives Relational Set Operators Learn About relational database operators SELECT & DIFFERENCE PROJECT & JOIN UNION PRODUCT INTERSECT DIVIDE The Database Meta Objects the data dictionary
More informationTest Bank for A Guide to SQL 9th Edition by Pratt
Test Bank for A Guide to SQL 9th Edition by Pratt Link full download: https://testbankservice.com/download/test-bank-for-a-guideto-sql-9th-edition-by-pratt Chapter 2: Database Design Fundamentals True
More informationOVERVIEW OF RELATIONAL DATABASES: KEYS
OVERVIEW OF RELATIONAL DATABASES: KEYS Keys (typically called ID s in the Sierra Database) come in two varieties, and they define the relationship between tables. Primary Key Foreign Key OVERVIEW OF DATABASE
More information30. Structured Query Language (SQL)
30. Structured Query Language (SQL) Java Fall 2009 Instructor: Dr. Masoud Yaghini Outline SQL query keywords Basic SELECT Query WHERE Clause ORDER BY Clause INNER JOIN Clause INSERT Statement UPDATE Statement
More informationDC62 Database management system JUNE 2013
Q2 (a) Explain the differences between conceptual & external schema. Ans2 a. Page Number 24 of textbook. Q2 (b) Describe the four components of a database system. A database system is composed of four
More informationHow to speed up a database which has gotten slow
Triad Area, NC USA E-mail: info@geniusone.com Web: http://geniusone.com How to speed up a database which has gotten slow hardware OS database parameters Blob fields Indices table design / table contents
More informationFor each layer there is typically a one- to- one relationship between geographic features (point, line, or polygon) and records in a table
For each layer there is typically a one- to- one relationship between geographic features (point, line, or polygon) and records in a table Common components of a database: Attribute (or item or field)
More informationNormalisation Chapter2 Contents
Contents Objective... 64 Superkey & Candidate Keys... 65 Primary, Alternate and Foreign Keys... 65 Functional Dependence... 67 Using Instances... 70 Normalisation Introduction... 70 Normalisation Problems...
More informationA Guide to SQL, Ninth Edition. Chapter Two Database Design Fundamentals
A Guide to SQL, Ninth Edition Chapter Two Database Design Fundamentals Objectives Understand the terms entity, attribute, and relationship Understand the terms relation and relational database Understand
More information3/3/2008. Announcements. A Table with a View (continued) Fields (Attributes) and Primary Keys. Video. Keys Primary & Foreign Primary/Foreign Key
Announcements Quiz will cover chapter 16 in Fluency Nothing in QuickStart Read Chapter 17 for Wednesday Project 3 3A due Friday before 11pm 3B due Monday, March 17 before 11pm A Table with a View (continued)
More informationLearning Objectives. Description. Your AU Expert(s) Trent Earley Behlen Mfg. Co. Shane Wemhoff Behlen Mfg. Co.
PL17257 JavaScript and PLM: Empowering the User Trent Earley Behlen Mfg. Co. Shane Wemhoff Behlen Mfg. Co. Learning Objectives Using items and setting data in a Workspace Setting Data in Related Workspaces
More informationCISC 3140 (CIS 20.2) Design & Implementation of Software Application II
CISC 3140 (CIS 20.2) Design & Implementation of Software Application II Instructor : M. Meyer Email Address: meyer@sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu Course Page: http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~meyer/ CISC3140-Meyer-lec4
More informationChapter 1 SQL and Data
Chapter 1 SQL and Data What is SQL? Structured Query Language An industry-standard language used to access & manipulate data stored in a relational database E. F. Codd, 1970 s IBM 2 What is Oracle? A relational
More informationDatabase Management Systems
Database Management Systems Associate Professor Dr. Raed Ibraheem Hamed University of Human Development, College of Science and Technology Computer Science Department 2015 2016 Department of Computer Science
More informationTUTORIAL FOR IMPORTING OTTAWA FIRE HYDRANT PARKING VIOLATION DATA INTO MYSQL
TUTORIAL FOR IMPORTING OTTAWA FIRE HYDRANT PARKING VIOLATION DATA INTO MYSQL We have spent the first part of the course learning Excel: importing files, cleaning, sorting, filtering, pivot tables and exporting
More informationCS 2340 Objects and Design
CS 2340 Objects and Design SQL Christopher Simpkins chris.simpkins@gatech.edu Chris Simpkins (Georgia Tech) CS 2340 Objects and Design SQL 1 / 26 1 1 The material in this lecture is taken from, Using SQLite3,
More informationACS-3902 Fall Ron McFadyen 3D21 Slides are based on chapter 5 (7 th edition) (chapter 3 in 6 th edition)
ACS-3902 Fall 2016 Ron McFadyen 3D21 ron.mcfadyen@acs.uwinnipeg.ca Slides are based on chapter 5 (7 th edition) (chapter 3 in 6 th edition) 1 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
More informationMySQL. Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Data Management and Data Exploration Group Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat.
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Data Management and Data Exploration Group Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Thomas Seidl Pro Seminar MySQL Student: Mohamed El Sherif June 2012 Supervision:
More informationSystems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & Design Dr. Arif Sari Email: arif@arifsari.net Course Website: www.arifsari.net/courses/ Slide 1 Adapted from slides 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slide 2 Course Textbook: Systems Analysis
More informationToday Learning outcomes LO2
2015 2016 Phil Smith Today Learning outcomes LO2 On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Be able to design and implement relational database systems. 2. Requirements. 3. User Interface. I am
More informationThe Relational Model
The Relational Model What is the Relational Model Relations Domain Constraints SQL Integrity Constraints Translating an ER diagram to the Relational Model and SQL Views A relational database consists
More informationWriting High Performance SQL Statements. Tim Sharp July 14, 2014
Writing High Performance SQL Statements Tim Sharp July 14, 2014 Introduction Tim Sharp Technical Account Manager Percona since 2013 16 years working with Databases Optimum SQL Performance Schema Indices
More information1. The process of determining the particular tables and columns that will comprise a database is known as database design.
True / False 1. The process of determining the particular tables and columns that will comprise a database is known as database design. REFERENCES: 21 2. A tabular database is a collection of tables. REFERENCES:
More informationTUTORIAL FOR IMPORTING OTTAWA FIRE HYDRANT PARKING VIOLATION DATA INTO MYSQL
TUTORIAL FOR IMPORTING OTTAWA FIRE HYDRANT PARKING VIOLATION DATA INTO MYSQL We have spent the first part of the course learning Excel: importing files, cleaning, sorting, filtering, pivot tables and exporting
More informationMore about Databases. Topics. More Taxonomy. And more Taxonomy. Computer Literacy 1 Lecture 18 30/10/2008
Topics More about Databases Computer Literacy Lecture 8 30/0/008 Terminology What s a database for again? Relational Database Model Samples Database Integrity Data mining More Taxonomy According to more
More informationNew Perspectives on Access Module 5: Creating Advanced Queries and Enhancing Table Design
New Perspectives on Access 2016 Module 5: Creating Advanced Queries and Enhancing Table Design 1 Objectives Session 5.1 Review object naming standards Use the Like, In, Not, and & operators in queries
More informationMIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling (2) Alvin Zuyin Zheng
MIS2502: Data Analytics Relational Data Modeling (2) Alvin Zuyin Zheng zheng@temple.edu http://community.mis.temple.edu/zuyinzheng/ Let Move From Model to Implementation Implementing the ERD As a database
More information205CDE Developing the Modern Web. Assignment 2 Server Side Scripting. Scenario D: Bookshop
205CDE Developing the Modern Web Assignment 2 Server Side Scripting Scenario D: Bookshop Introduction This assignment was written using PHP programming language for interactions with the website and the
More informationch02 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
ch02 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The process of determining the particular tables and columns that will comprise a database is known as database design. 2. A tabular
More informationEE221 Databases Practicals Manual
EE221 Databases Practicals Manual Lab 1 An Introduction to SQL Lab 2 Database Creation and Querying using SQL Assignment Data Analysis, Database Design, Implementation and Relation Normalisation School
More informationConceptual Design. The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
Conceptual Design. The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model CS430/630 Lecture 12 Slides based on Database Management Systems 3 rd ed, Ramakrishnan and Gehrke Database Design Overview Conceptual design The Entity-Relationship
More informationGraphical Joins in More Detail
Graphical Joins in More Detail Using the Connector, data is made available through the addition of containers and relevant expressions. The source of the underlying data can be a Table, a View, a Stored
More informationSQL Functionality SQL. Creating Relation Schemas. Creating Relation Schemas
SQL SQL Functionality stands for Structured Query Language sometimes pronounced sequel a very-high-level (declarative) language user specifies what is wanted, not how to find it number of standards original
More informationIntroduction to Databases. MySQL Syntax Guide: Day 1
Introduction to Databases Question What type of database type does Shodor use? Answers A relational database What DBMS does Shodor use? MySQL MySQL Syntax Guide: Day 1 SQL MySQL Syntax Results Building
More informationRelational Model. Rab Nawaz Jadoon DCS. Assistant Professor. Department of Computer Science. COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan
Relational Model DCS COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Rab Nawaz Jadoon Assistant Professor COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan Management Information Systems (MIS) Relational Model Relational Data
More informationCreating databases using SQL Server Management Studio Express
Creating databases using SQL Server Management Studio Express With the release of SQL Server 2005 Express Edition, TI students and professionals began to have an efficient, professional and cheap solution
More informationnormalization are being violated o Apply the rule of Third Normal Form to resolve a violation in the model
Database Design Section1 - Introduction 1-1 Introduction to the Oracle Academy o Give examples of jobs, salaries, and opportunities that are possible by participating in the Academy. o Explain how your
More informationRelational Data Model
Relational Data Model 1. Relational data model Information models try to put the real-world information complexity in a framework that can be easily understood. Data models must capture data structure
More informationINFO 1103 Homework Project 2
INFO 1103 Homework Project 2 February 15, 2019 Due March 13, 2019, at the end of the lecture period. 1 Introduction In this project, you will design and create the appropriate tables for a version of the
More informationSQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is the lingua franca
Chapter 3: Database for $100, Please In This Chapter Understanding some basic database concepts Taking a quick look at SQL Creating tables Selecting data Joining data Updating and deleting data SQL stands
More informationChapter 6: Entity-Relationship Model. The Next Step: Designing DB Schema. Identifying Entities and their Attributes. The E-R Model.
Chapter 6: Entity-Relationship Model The Next Step: Designing DB Schema Our Story So Far: Relational Tables Databases are structured collections of organized data The Relational model is the most common
More informationObjectives Definition iti of terms List five properties of relations State two properties of candidate keys Define first, second, and third normal for
Chapter 5: Logical Database Design and the Relational Model Modern Database Management 9 th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Heikki Topi 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice
More informationEGCI 321: Database Systems. Dr. Tanasanee Phienthrakul
1 EGCI 321: Database Systems Dr. Tanasanee Phienthrakul 2 Chapter 10 Data Definition Language (DDL) 3 Basic SQL SQL language Considered one of the major reasons for the commercial success of relational
More informationCS317 File and Database Systems
CS317 File and Database Systems Lecture 3 Relational Model & Languages Part-1 September 7, 2018 Sam Siewert More Embedded Systems Summer - Analog, Digital, Firmware, Software Reasons to Consider Catch
More informationLearning outcomes. On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Understand data models and database technologies.
2015-2016 Phil Smith Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Understand data models and database technologies. (Assignment 1) Recap and setting the scene Before we get to Normalisation
More informationComputer Science 597A Fall 2008 First Take-home Exam Out: 4:20PM Monday November 10, 2008 Due: 3:00PM SHARP Wednesday, November 12, 2008
Computer Science 597A Fall 2008 First Take-home Exam Out: 4:20PM Monday November 10, 2008 Due: 3:00PM SHARP Wednesday, November 12, 2008 Instructions: This exam must be entirely your own work. Do not consult
More informationChapter 9: Object-Based Databases
Chapter 9: Object-Based Databases Chapter 9: Object-Based Databases Complex Data Types and Object Orientation Structured Data Types and Inheritance in SQL Table Inheritance Array and Multiset Types in
More informationChapter Five Physical Database Design
Chapter Five Physical Database Design 1 Objectives Understand Purpose of physical database design Describe the physical database design process Choose storage formats for attributes Describe indexes and
More informationDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition. Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables Objectives In this chapter, students will learn: What normalization is and what role it
More information2. E/R Design Considerations
2. E/R Design Considerations 32 What you will learn in this section Relationships cont d: multiplicity, multi-way Design considerations Conversion to SQL 33 Multiplicity of E/R Relationships Multiplicity
More informationThe Next Step: Designing DB Schema. Chapter 6: Entity-Relationship Model. The E-R Model. Identifying Entities and their Attributes.
Chapter 6: Entity-Relationship Model Our Story So Far: Relational Tables Databases are structured collections of organized data The Relational model is the most common data organization model The Relational
More informationThe Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model) - Part 2
Lecture 4 The Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model) - Part 2 By Michael Hahsler Based on slides for CS145 Introduction to Databases (Stanford) Lecture 4 > Section 2 What you will learn about in this section
More informationrelational Key-value Graph Object Document
NoSQL Databases Earlier We have spent most of our time with the relational DB model so far. There are other models: Key-value: a hash table Graph: stores graph-like structures efficiently Object: good
More informationSystems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & Design Dr. Ahmed Lawgali Ahmed.lawgali@uob.edu.ly Slide 1 Systems Analysis & Design Course Textbook: Systems Analysis and Design With UML 2.0 An Object-Oriented Approach, Second Edition
More informationSeven Interesting Data Warehouse Ideas
Seven Interesting Data Warehouse Ideas Learning Objectives Take a detailed dive into some interesting ideas and concepts that can enhance your data warehouse or reporting database. Review some examples
More informationOracle Database 10g: Introduction to SQL
ORACLE UNIVERSITY CONTACT US: 00 9714 390 9000 Oracle Database 10g: Introduction to SQL Duration: 5 Days What you will learn This course offers students an introduction to Oracle Database 10g database
More informationAn Incredibly Brief Introduction to Relational Databases: Appendix B - Learning Rails
O'Reilly Published on O'Reilly (http://oreilly.com/) See this if you're having trouble printing code examples An Incredibly Brief Introduction to Relational Databases: Appendix B - Learning Rails by Edd
More informationYou Don t Need a DBA. What Every PHP Developer Should Know about Database Development. Maggie Nelson php works 2007
You Don t Need a DBA or What Every PHP Developer Should Know about Database Development Maggie Nelson php works 2007 Database Developer PHP Developer = DBA System Administrator DB Developer: Help! My database
More informationFaculty of Environment & Technology
Faculty of Environment & Technology Academic Year: 2012/13 Module Leader: Module Code: Title of Module: Prakash Chatterjee UFCE8K-15-M Data Management Examination Date: TBA Examination Start time: TBA
More informationDatabase Management
Database Management - 2011 Model Answers 1. a. A data model should comprise a structural part, an integrity part and a manipulative part. The relational model provides standard definitions for all three
More informationCSC 337. Database Design and More Commands. Rick Mercer. https://www.database-genius.com/
CSC 337 https://www.database-genius.com/ Database Design and More Commands Rick Mercer Relational Data The R is RDBMS A relational data base spreads data across tables Data is joined using a key common
More informationINTERMEDIATE SQL GOING BEYOND THE SELECT. Created by Brian Duffey
INTERMEDIATE SQL GOING BEYOND THE SELECT Created by Brian Duffey WHO I AM Brian Duffey 3 years consultant at michaels, ross, and cole 9+ years SQL user What have I used SQL for? ROADMAP Introduction 1.
More informationCMPE 131 Software Engineering. Database Introduction
Presented By Melvin Ch ng CMPE 131 Software Engineering September 14, 2017 Database Introduction Ruby on Rails ORM Agenda Database Management System (DBMS) SQL vs NoSQL Relational Database Introduction
More informationChapter 11: Data Management Layer Design
Systems Analysis and Design With UML 2.0 An Object-Oriented Oriented Approach, Second Edition Chapter 11: Data Management Layer Design Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden 2005 John Wiley & Sons,
More informationSAMPLE FINAL EXAM SPRING/2H SESSION 2017
SAMPLE FINAL EXAM SPRING/2H SESSION 2017 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics Complete your details in this section when instructed by the Exam Supervisor at the start of the exam. You should
More information1D D0-541 CIW v5 Database Design Specialist Version 1.7
1D0-541 CIW v5 Database Design Specialist Version 1.7 QUESTION NO: 1 With regard to databases, what is normalization? A. The process of reducing the cardinality of a relation B. The process of organizing
More informationII. Structured Query Language (SQL)
II. Structured Query Language (SQL) Lecture Topics ffl Basic concepts and operations of the relational model. ffl The relational algebra. ffl The SQL query language. CS448/648 II - 1 Basic Relational Concepts
More informationRelational Data Model. Christopher Simpkins
Relational Data Model Christopher Simpkins 1 / 22 Relational Data Model A relation schema R(A a,..., A n ) is a relation name R and a list of attributes A 1,..., A n. Each attribute A i is the name of
More informationCS 327E Lecture 2. Shirley Cohen. January 27, 2016
CS 327E Lecture 2 Shirley Cohen January 27, 2016 Agenda Announcements Homework for today Reading Quiz Concept Questions Homework for next time Announcements Lecture slides and notes will be posted on the
More informationIntroduction. Identifying potential problems, update anomalies, in the design of a relational database Methods for correcting these problems
6 Normalization Objectives Discuss functional dependence and primary keys Define first normal form, second normal form, and fourth normal form Describe the problems associated with tables (relations) that
More informationStructured Query Language. ALTERing and SELECTing
Structured Query Language ALTERing and SELECTing Altering the table structure SQL: ALTER Table SQL: Alter Table The ALTER TABLE command allows you to add, modify, or drop a column from an existing table.
More informationINF3707. Tutorial Letter 201/02/2018. Database Design and Implementation. Semesters 2: Assignment 01 solutions. School of Computing
INF3707/201/02/2018 Tutorial Letter 201/02/2018 Database Design and Implementation INF3707 Semesters 2: Assignment 01 solutions School of Computing This tutorial letter contains important information about
More informationDatabase Fundamentals
Database Fundamentals presented to NYPHP May 22, 2007 by Kenneth Downs Secure Data Software, Inc. ken@secdat.com www.secdat.com www.andromeda project.org Pre Relational In the bad old days, every program
More informationA practical introduction to database design
A practical introduction to database design Dr. Chris Tomlinson Bioinformatics Data Science Group, Room 126, Sir Alexander Fleming Building chris.tomlinson@imperial.ac.uk Computer Skills Classes 17/01/19
More informationSQL - Subqueries and. Schema. Chapter 3.4 V4.0. Napier University
SQL - Subqueries and Chapter 3.4 V4.0 Copyright @ Napier University Schema Subqueries Subquery one SELECT statement inside another Used in the WHERE clause Subqueries can return many rows. Subqueries can
More informationFundamentals of Information Systems, Seventh Edition
Chapter 3 Data Centers, and Business Intelligence 1 Why Learn About Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence? Database: A database is an organized collection of data. Databases also help
More informationRelational Model and Relational Algebra. Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Curt Clifton
Relational Model and Relational Algebra Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Curt Clifton Administrative Notes Grading Weights Schedule Updated Review ER Design Techniques Avoid redundancy and don t duplicate
More informationSolutions Manual for A Guide to MySQL 1st Edition by Pratt and Last
Solutions Manual for A Guide to MySQL 1st Edition by Pratt and Last Link download full: http://testbankair.com/download/solutions-manual-for-a-guideto-mysql-1st-edition-by-pratt-and-last/ Click link below
More informationMIS2502: Review for Exam 2. JaeHwuen Jung
MIS2502: Review for Exam 2 JaeHwuen Jung jaejung@temple.edu http://community.mis.temple.edu/jaejung Overview Date/Time: Wednesday, Mar 28, in class (50 minutes) Place: Regular classroom Please arrive 5
More informationData about data is database Select correct option: True False Partially True None of the Above
Within a table, each primary key value. is a minimal super key is always the first field in each table must be numeric must be unique Foreign Key is A field in a table that matches a key field in another
More informationMTA Database Administrator Fundamentals Course
MTA Database Administrator Fundamentals Course Session 1 Section A: Database Tables Tables Representing Data with Tables SQL Server Management Studio Section B: Database Relationships Flat File Databases
More informationCreate a simple database with MySQL
Create a simple database with MySQL 1.Connect the MySQL server through MySQL Workbench You can achieve many database operations by typing the SQL langue into the Query panel, such as creating a database,
More informationDATABASES SQL INFOTEK SOLUTIONS TEAM
DATABASES SQL INFOTEK SOLUTIONS TEAM TRAINING@INFOTEK-SOLUTIONS.COM Databases 1. Introduction in databases 2. Relational databases (SQL databases) 3. Database management system (DBMS) 4. Database design
More information