Writing a L A T E X Article Using Tables L A T E X Workshop 4

Transcription

1 Writing a L A E X Article Using ables L A E X Workshop 4. Stitz Abstract During workshop 4, attendees will include tables in a L A E X document using the standard commands available with L A E X as well as packages that improve appearance and simplify entry. External software developed to simplify table entry will be discussed briefly as well. 1 ables with L A E X 1.1 abular Environment he basic structure of a table is constructed by using \tabular[vertical position]{column formatting}. An illustrative example is shown below. Note: If the class file that you are using specifies how to use the tabular environment, use those specifications to create the table. For example when using IEEEtran, do not use vertical bars at the beginning and end of the table. First notice that column data is separated by & and row end is marked as \\. Also, the declaration version boldface is used. he duration of this declaration is only for the cell it is declared, so {} is not necessary. Let s examine the column formatting. Lines are drawn between the columns using the character. In our example, there is a double horizontal line after the first column and before the last column. Data can be centered (c), left justified (l), or right justified (r). In our example, the first column is centered. he second and fifth are right justified and the fourth and seventh are left justified. he eighth column has a width of a quarter of the width of the text on the page. Normally, the columns do not word wrap unless a column width is specified using p. Wrapped text in a column is full-justified by default. A column containing the same content can be added by using character. In our example, there are two columns of colons (third and sixth). \begin{tabular}{ c r@{:}l r@{:}l p{0.25\textwidth} } \hline \multicolumn{6}{ c }{\raisebox{-3ex}{\bfseries }}\\[5ex] \hline\hline & 10 & 00A & 10 & 50A & \bfseries Class 1\\ \cline{2-5} & 2 & 00P & 4 & 50P & \bfseries Lab 1\\ \hline\hline & 8 & 00A & 8 & 50A & \bfseries Class 2\\ \cline{2-5} \raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{} & 9 & 00A & 9 & 50A & \bfseries Class 3\\ \hline\hline W & 10 & 00A & 10 & 50A & \bfseries Class 1\\ Applied Sciences Librarian, Phone: , Fax: , tstitz@uakron.edu 1

2 \hline\hline & 8 & 00A & 8 & 50A & \bfseries Class 2\\ \cline{2-5} \raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{} & 9 & 00A & 9 & 50A & \bfseries Class 3\\ \hline \end{tabular} he hline command places horizontal lines between the rows. here is a double horizontal line separating each day. he cline command is used to draw a single line between each time block. he first row is one cell that spans the entire table. his is achieved using the \multicolumn{number of columns}{column format}{text} command. In order to achieve more whitespace between the first and second row, an option ([5ex]) was placed at the end of the first line, which forces 5ex between the first and second row. he text was placed in a box and it was lowered by 3ex to center it; otherwise, it would appear at the top of the row. An invisible horizontal rule could be used to provide more white space and center the text vertically (i.e. \rule[-1.75ex]{0mm}{5ex}) as well. 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 If you have a cell that spans several rows, you place the text in the appropriate row to get the look desired and leave the other cells empty as in the case of. here is an odd number of rows, so the text was placed in the center row to give the text a centered look. his cannot be done with an even number of rows as in the case for, W, and. he raisebox command can be used to achieve a centered look. Notice there is an option of 0pt chosen for this command. If you do not select this option, it increases the height of the row thereby increasing the vertical space. 8:00A 8:50A Class 3 9:00A 9:50A Class able Environment he table environment allows tables to be floated to optimize space. It also enables automatic table numbering with the author s caption. A caption that is shorter than one line will be centered, so often the tabular environment requires centering to align properly with the caption. A caption can be placed below a table or above a table by declaring before or after the tabular environment. 1 Options for placement of the table include where it occurs within the text (h), at the top of the page (t), at the bottom of the page (b), or on a special page (p). he placement is approximate, but will be closer to where specified when using! in conjunction with these options. he! will override some normal spacing and number restrictions. A float will not appear on a page before its declaration. here is also a special version * of the table environment, table*. When the document contains two columns, this environment is used to span both columns. Generally, tables print in sequence; however, it is possible to print out of sequence when using table*. For more information on floats, see (Kopka & Daly, 2004; ittelbach, Goossens, Braams, Carlisle, & Rowley, 2004). \begin{table}[h] \caption{class } \centering our tabular example \end{table} 1 Sometimes the caption will be too close to the table when placing the caption about it. Use \vspace{} when that happens. 2

3 able 1: Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 2 able Packages here are contributed packages that L A E X users have developed to enable easier entry of this information. When using a publisher class file, be sure to read the documentation thoroughly to ensure that a package does not conflict with the class file. For example, IEEEtran.cls documentation states that you cannot use caption.sty without the caption=false option, or else it overrides IEEEtran caption style. 2.1 Caption Package he caption package enables easy formatting of the caption. Caption format, such as font and position, can be adjusted using this package. \usepackage[key=value]{caption} he formatting can be set for the entire document using the optional arguments when loading the package. Use the captionsetup command within the table environment to scope the format to a particular table. As stated previously, the caption is automatically centered when using the table environment. By using singlelinecheck=false, it can be overridden. Change the label separator to a period, the font size to footnote size, and the label caption to bold and italic in our example table. \captionsetup{singlelinecheck=false,labelsep=period,font=footnotesize,labelfont={bf,it}} able 2. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 3

4 2.2 Array Package he array package extends the column definitions available with the tabular environment. With the use of > and <, code can be inserted for the column while retaining the column interspace (unlike command). he code happens before the column in the case of > and the code happens after the column in the case of <. Use > to display the last column in boldface. \begin{tabular}{ c r@{:}l r@{:}l >{\bfseries}p{0.25\textwidth} } able 3. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 wo additional commands are available with the array package when specifying column width (m,b). Each option works like p except for vertical alignment with respect to baseline. he top row is aligned using p, the middle is aligned using m, and the bottom line is aligned using b. When declaring column width with these options, the cells will be word wrapped and full justified. Often, a column will have a better appearance when it is simply left aligned. Using \raggedright\arraybackslash will left justify the column. \arraybackslash must be used whenever aligning column text using this method; otherwise, there will be difficulties when \\ is used and there could be errors when compiling your document. able 4. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 Note: he prerequisite is Class A. 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 5:20P 6:25P Class ultirow Package L A E X has a command to span columns; however, it does not have a command to span rows. package can be used for this purpose. he multirow \multirow{number of rows}{width}{text} Entering a * for width will use the natural width. Use the multirow command for the appropriate rows in your table. 4

5 able 5. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class Colortbl Package he colortbl package enables background color for rows, columns, and cells of a table. ext color is set using the color package. he colortbl package works well with the array package commands < and >, but not all commands work properly when command is used. Using our table example, set the first column to bold, red text, the last column to a background color of light gray, and the first column to a background color of dark gray. here are two options used for the color package in the example below. he option dvipnames allows the named color model of dvips (common graphics driver used when creating DVI files) available to other drivers. he option usenames defines all the named colors. Using these options enables the use of the color BrickRed in our example. \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color} \usepackage{,colortbl} \begin{tabular}{>{\bfseries\color{brickred}}cr@{:}lr@{:}l>{\bfseries\columncolor[gray]{.8}}l} \multicolumn{6}{c}{\raisebox{-3ex}{\cellcolor[gray]{.3}\color{white}\bfseries }}\\[5ex] able 6. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class Footnotes for ables here are a few options when incorporating footnotes with a table. he threeparttable package enables the author to easily add footnotes that display below the table. he basic structure when using threeparttable is 5

6 \begin{table}[h] \begin{threeparttable} \begin{tabular}{} & 2 & 00P & 4 & 50P & Lab 1\tnote{a} \\ \end{tabular} \begin{tablenotes} \item[a]{be 15 min. early on first day of laboratory to fill out necessary paperwork.} \end{tablenotes} \end{threeparttable} \end{table} able 7. Class 10:00A 10:50A Class 1a 2:00P 4:50P Lab 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 W 10:00A 10:50A Class 1 8:00A 8:50A Class 2 9:00A 9:50A Class 3 a Be 15 min. early on first day of laboratory to fill out necessary paperwork. 2.6 Some Packages for Large ables here are situations when a table is larger than can fit on one page in portrait mode. One popular package to enable a table to span multiple pages is longtable. It is possible to produce a table in landscape mode as well. Use of the rotating package enables a landscape table using the sidewaystable environment. 2.7 Datatool Package he datatool package allows database type operations to be performed on a text file. here are many operations available, but this workshop is going to focus on pulling data from an existing text file to display as a table. o load the text file, use \DLloaddb[options]{database name}{file name} If the data does not contain a header row, keys can be set with the optional argument. By default, the separator is a comma and there is an optional delimiter of ; however, these values can be adjusted using commands. If there are special characters in your data, it might be beneficial to use \DLloadrawdb. he data read from the text file can be displayed in a tabular or longtable environment using the DLdisplaydb ordldisplaylongdb command, respectively. Using the ascii.csv file, try the following: \DLloaddb{ascii}{ascii.csv} \DLdisplaylongdb[caption={ascii table},contcaption={ascii table cont.}]{ascii} 6

7 able 8: ascii table Char Dec Oct ex (nul) 0 0 0x00 (soh) 1 1 0x01 (stx) 2 2 0x02 (etx) 3 3 0x03 (eot) 4 4 0x04 (enq) 5 5 0x05 (ack) 6 6 0x06 (bel) 7 7 0x07 (bs) x08 (ht) x09 (nl) x0a (vt) x0b (np) x0c (cr) x0d (so) x0e (si) x0f (dle) x10 (dc1) x11 (dc2) x12 (dc3) x13 (dc4) x14 (nak) x15 (syn) x16 (etb) x17 (can) x18 (em) x19 (sub) x1a (esc) x1b (fs) x1c (gs) x1d (rs) x1e (us) x1f (sp) x20! x x22 # x23 $ x24 % x25 & x26 In the datafile, I included the appropriate commands in the data instead of using the raw version of the command, since not all characters would appear properly. It is easier to use the raw version if all the exceptions in your data are covered by the command. he display commands choose the data type according to the following rules: 1. If one entry is of string type in the column, the column data type is string 2. if (1) is not true and one entry is of currency type, the column data type is currency 3. if (1-2) are not true and all data entries are floats and integers, the column type is number 4. if (1-2) are not true and all data entries are integers, the column type is integer 7

8 here are commands that can be used in conjunction with the display commands discussed so far, but complex formatting cannot be done. If complex formatting is needed, it might be better to display on a line by line basis where fields can be separated. he DLforeach command is used in this case. ry the following: \begin{longtable}{llll} \caption{ascii table} \\ \bfseries Char & \bfseries Dec & \bfseries Oct & \bfseries ex \\ \endfirsthead \multicolumn{4}{c}{\tablename\ \thetable: ascii table cont.}\\ \bfseries Char & \bfseries Dec & \bfseries Oct & \bfseries ex \\ \endhead \DLforeach{ascii}{\symbol=Char,\decBase=Dec,\octBase=Oct,\hexBase=ex}{\bfseries \symbol & \decbase & \octbase & \hexbase\\} \end{longtable} able 9: ascii table Char Dec Oct ex (nul) 0 0 0x00 (soh) 1 1 0x01 (stx) 2 2 0x02 (etx) 3 3 0x03 (eot) 4 4 0x04 (enq) 5 5 0x05 (ack) 6 6 0x06 (bel) 7 7 0x07 (bs) x08 (ht) x09 (nl) x0a (vt) x0b (np) x0c (cr) x0d (so) x0e (si) x0f (dle) x10 (dc1) x11 (dc2) x12 (dc3) x13 (dc4) x14 (nak) x15 (syn) x16 (etb) x17 (can) x18 (em) x19 (sub) x1a (esc) x1b (fs) x1c (gs) x1d (rs) x1e (us) x1f (sp) x20! x x22 # x23 8

9 able 9: ascii table cont. Char Dec Oct ex $ x24 % x25 & x26 3 Other Software Some editors, such as ex Shop, have macros that enable users to paste from spreadsheets and will create a simple tabular environment in a L A E X document. here are some software tools that interface with other external programs and create a L A E X table. here are a few for icrosoft Excel. Excel2latex is an example of one written using VBA and installed as an add on for icrosoft Excel. here is a tool for Open Office as well. here is also software that enables users to connect to certain databases in a L A E X document. Latexdb is available for Linux and it interfaces with ysql and PostgreSQL databases. When using the database commands available with latexdb, the latexdb command is used instead of latex when creating a.dvi file. he program is written in Python; thus, Python is needed to run it. here is another program written in Ruby to perform the same function that could be used on a Windows system. o use it, Ruby must be installed. References Kopka,., & Daly, P. W. (2004). Guide to L A E X (4th ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley. Retrieved from proquest.safaribooksonline.com/ Kottwitz, S. (2011). L A E X beginner s guide. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. ittelbach, F., Goossens,., Braams, J., Carlisle, D., & Rowley, C. (2004). he L A E X companion (2nd ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley. Retrieved from 9