Software Applications for Cultural Diversity
|
|
- Monica Sutton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Software Applications for Cultural Diversity Rod Davis, SIL International Good morning, my name is Rod Davis from SIL International. I work as the IT Manager for SIL s office here in Bamako. I m here on behalf of Michael Cochran, the head of Software Development in Dallas, Texas. 1
2 About SIL International faith-based International NGO language-based development research, translation and literacy active in 20% of the world s s languages SIL is a faith-based International Non-Governmental Organisation that partners with language communities to help them meet the language-based parts of their development goals. For the last 70 years SIL has served people groups through research, translation and literacy. Today we have active projects in 20% of the world s languages. 2
3 SIL Language Software Development 53 software development personnel Member of the Unicode Consortium and very active on behalf of minority languages 60 software titles to support the work of language fieldworkers Over the years SIL has developed software to meet the challenges we face. Today we have 26 people working full-time on software development and another 27 working part-time. We are a member of the Unicode Consortium and are very active in ensuring that minority languages are included. SIL has developed more than 60 pieces of software to support the work of its fieldworkers. Most are available to download free of charge. 3
4 One of the Biggest Challenges: Dealing with Complex Scripts Encoding Transition to Unicode Input (Keyboarding) Complexity Extensibility Type Design Unicode based Smart-font compiler technology Rendering Diacritic placement, Contextual shaping, Ligatures, Reordering/splitting, Bi-directionality We have had to overcome a variety of challenges. For example languages with complex scripts present a variety of keyboarding and rendering challenges. These challenges can be categorized into four different, but closely related, domains: encoding, input, type design, and rendering. 4
5 Solutions in Dealing with Complex Scripts Encoding TechKit,, a utility to convert legacy encodings to Unicode scripts.sil.org: : SIL resource site with information, tutorials, utilities, etc. for making the transition to Unicode Input Keyman (Windows); KMFL (a Linux Keyman still under development) IMEs (Input Method Editors) Type Design Graphite Compiler adds Graphite rendering tables to a TrueType font, f giving it smart-font capability Rendering Graphite rendering engine: Can handle basic display of any complex script in use today. NOTE: These technologies can benefit not only complex scripts,, but also orthographies with special diacritics or a few non-roman characters. Our software development staff has been very active in developing solutions in each of these domains. A lot of thought and work has been put into providing tools and resources for making the transition to Unicode. Keyman is a keyboarding solution that was developed by the son of an SIL member; this product is in wide use and very mature. Graphite is the culmination of an effort to provide an extensible, open-source solution to handling any complex script system in use today. 5
6 What is a Smart Font? A font containing data describing how the glyphs are to displayed. d. The smart font data is in the form of tables inside the font file e itself. A rendering engine interprets the font tables to appropriately render r the glyphs. In contrast, a dumb font has only a direct correspondence between the data characters and the displayed glyphs. Smart font technology was developed to deal with the complex rendering issues associated with complex scripts. A smart font incorporates tables within the font file itself that contain data, associated with the codepoints, that specify how to display a glyph and how to appropriately contextualize that glyph within text. This is in contrast to a dumb font, that has only a direct correspondence between the data characters and the displayed glyphs. 6
7 What is Graphite? A package, developed by SIL International, that can be embedded into other applications, adding "smart font behavior" to that application. This package includes the following: A programming language (GDL) for specifying the font's behavior A compiler for building the smart font A rendering engine for displaying text using the smart font Note that it is open-source: graphite.sil.org/ Note that this is a package designed for software developers. The package includes: A programming language (GDL) for specifying the font's behavior A compiler for building the smart font A rendering engine for displaying text using the smart font To be useful it must be embedded in another application and a smart font created. 7
8 What Makes Graphite Special? It differs from other complex script technologies: Unlike OpenType,, it does NOT assume that script-specific specific information is incorporated at the application or operating system level (as in Uniscribe). It is extensible, and provides support for characters in Unicode s Private Use Area ranges unlike Uniscribe,, which handles only script behaviors already part of the Unicode standard. It is an open-source solution versus proprietary. It can handle basic display of any complex script in use today. The following slides demonstrate the types of rendering difficulties that Graphite was designed to handle: Graphite, unlike other existing solutions, is flexible, extensible, open-source. It is appropriate in every respect for incorporating into software used in minority language scripts for which other solutions would not work well (or at all). It can handle basic display of any complex script in use today, as we can see on the following slides. 8
9 Applications dealing with complex scripts need to handle different baselines and directions 9
10 context sensitive glyphs 10
11 multiple and contextually positioned diacritics 11
12 glyphs that are typed in one order but are then displayed in another order 12
13 and glyphs that split or combine in various contexts. 13
14 SIL s Work with UNESCO In 2003, SIL International and UNESCO engaged in a cooperative project as part of UNESCO s Initiative B@bel effort. scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/ /scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&cat_id=babel Goal: Enable the development of complex script support in information and communication technologies (ICTs( ICTs). Project SILA: A Graphite-enabled enabled version of Mozilla Project Goal: To enable minority language communities to publish on the Internet Graphite-enabled enabled Edit Control Version 0.9 basic Graphite edit control for data input applications SDK for Windows 2000/XP, developer s guide and well-commented source code Modified version of WorldPad -- Graphite-Enabled Text Processor Simple text processor for Windows 2000/XP For most of 2003, UNESCO and SIL International were engaged in a cooperative project as part of UNESCO s Initiative B@bel effort. The stated goal was to enable the development of complex script support in information and communication technologies (ICTs). 14
15 Graphite-enabled enabled Mozilla Contrast Internet Explorer on the left with Graphite-enabled Mozilla on the right. The Graphite-enabled version of Mozilla displays the multiple diacritics separately as intended. On the left you can see that Internet Explorer just displays multiple diacritics all superimposed on one another, whereas on the right, Graphite-enabled Mozilla displays the diacritics separately as intended. 15
16 Graphite-enabled enabled Mozilla Here is an in Burmese script. We developed the Graphite-enabled version of Mozilla in partnership with UNESCO as part of their Initiative 16
17 Graphite-enabled enabled Mozilla Instant Messaging Here is instant messaging with Burmese script in both the input field and the display area. 17
18 Graphite-enabled enabled WorldPad The Graphite rendering engine enables the WorldPad word-processing application to stack several diacritics both above and below the base glyph. 18
19 Lessons learned We are participating in or have created several open source development efforts. We have learned that FLOSS (Free/Libre Open Source Software) Linux is very attractive to low income groups we work with. Setup and maintenance of open source OS and software is too complex for most of our end users. Open source development is complex. Getting support for complex minority scripts into the core builds of open source software is hard. Localization of software is complex and time consuming. Despite the difficulties, the benefits are great and we are heading in this direction on a number of fronts. We are participating in or have created several open source development efforts. We have learned that open source development is complex getting support for complex minority scripts into the core builds of open source software is hard localization of software is complex and time consuming setup and maintenance of FLOSS is too complex for most of our end users 19
20 What is Keyman? Keyman allows you to enter text in Windows -based applications in other languages without changing your physical keyboard (or system keyboard). It does this by remapping the character keys according to the font f for the language you wish to use. It works with both ANSI and Unicode. It is in wide-use and well tested. Keyman 6.1 is a commercial program available at a reasonable price: tavultesoft.com/keyman/ The development tool called Keyman Developer is sold separately, and uses a rule-based programming language. Note: There are some issues with very large character sets that are handled better with IMEs (Input Method Editors). However, the IMEs are more complicated and are not really user modifiable or extensible. Keyman allows you to enter text in Windows -based applications in other languages without changing your physical keyboard (or system keyboard). It does this by remapping the character keys according to the font for the language you wish to use. It works with both ANSI and Unicode. It is in wide-use and well tested. Note that it is a commercial price, but it is reasonably priced. A keyboard development tool called Keyman Developer is sold separately, and uses a rule-based programming language. 20
21 Technical overview of Keyman Operating system keystrokes Keyman Program (.KMN) TIKE Compiler Keyman Executable (.KMX) Configuration Program Driver characters Application software A Keyman keyboard is implemented via a program written in Keyman s programming language. This program is compiled using TIKE (Tavultesoft Integrated Keyboard Editor), which produces a keyboard executable file, generally given a.kmx extension. This executable is installed into the Keyman system using the Keyman configuration program, from which the driver is initialized. When the Keyman driver is running, it intercepts keystrokes from the operating system and transforms them into characters using the active keyboard, then passes those characters on to the current application. The modules shown above within the dotted lines are those that are part of the Keyman system. 21
22 SIL Unicode-based Fonts Doulos SIL 4.0: : A linguist s s general use font This is a comprehensive inventory of glyphs needed for almost any Roman- or Cyrillic-based writing system, whether used for phonetic or orthographic needs. Status: : Released but not a full-family font (regular type-face only) Gentium is a typeface family designed to enable the diverse ethnic groups around the world who use the Latin script to produce readable, high-quality publications. It supports a wide range of Latin-based alphabets and includes glyphs that correspond to all the Latin ranges of Unicode. Status: : Released and in wide use; Linux installation also released. Additional Unicode-based fonts, including one specifically tuned for literacy use,, are under development. (Just remember ) SIL International has released two Unicode based fonts. Doulos SIL 4.0 is designed specifically for linguistic research and language development. Gentium is a Latin-based font that is appropriate for producing readable, high-quality publications. There are additional fonts under development, including one specifically for literacy used. 22
23 Language and Culture tools SIL International has also developed software tools that serve the t following needs: Lexical database programs that facilitate: Grammatical/morphological analysis Dictionary creation and printing Web publication of lexicons Entry and analysis of cultural data Language Survey tools for doing statistical comparison of related languages/dialects Speech Tools for doing phonetic analysis of speech (including tonal analysis) An extensive CD-Rom based reference tool that covers all aspects of language and cultural field work We have also developed a variety of tools for language and culture analysis. These tools serve a variety of needs, including 23
24 FieldWorks Data Notebook for analyzing cultural data The analysis of cultural data: The Data Notebook is a great tool for capturing cultural information about a society, i.e., if you want to document how the culture worked. It can help with literacy and educational development by documenting language attitudes, social patterns, and annual community cycles. It can help with translation tasks by documenting cultural concepts and terminology. 24
25 ToolBox for language data management This program enables you to build a lexical database. Toolbox facilitates grammatical/morphological analysis and the creating and printing of dictionaries. You can also use it for entry and analysis of cultural data (but it is not as sophisticated as the FieldWorks Data Notebook in this domain). 25
26 Lexique Pro for publishing interactive lexicons Lexique Pro is a tool for converting that Shoebox/Toolbox database into a webbased dictionary. In fact we developed this particular application, Lexique Pro right here in Mali. (Credit goes to Richard Margetts.) This is an entry from a Bambara-French-English lexicon. 26
27 WordSurv and PalmSurv to compare language survey data There is also software developed specifically for doing comparitive statistical analysis of related languages and dialects. There is also a version specifically for the Palm Pilot, making it more convenient for a field worker to do data entry and basic analysis on the field. 27
28 Speech Tools for analyzing speech data See To analyse speech data. This program is unique in that it facilitates not only basic phonetic analysis, but also tonal analysis of languages. 28
29 LinguaLinks Library for electronic reference materials to support language and culture fieldwork Anthropology Consulting General Reference Works Language Learning Linguistics Literacy Sociolinguistics Translation LinguaLinks Library contains electronic reference materials designed to support language fieldwork. It contains the entire contents of 149 books or book-length works and 223 SIL journal issues. 29
30 Partnering in Script Development Things SIL International could potentially offer: Support script development for languages currently unsupported Partner in the development of keyboarding solutions Continued development of the Graphite rendering technology Support incorporating these technologies into current open source or commercial tools, e.g., Open Offiice Things SIL International would benefit from: Resources necessary to actually develop the scripts (people, money, hardware/software) Community cooperation in the standardization of scripts Help getting open source software groups to incorporate these technologies into their core software efforts We have not been successful getting the open source core development groups to incorporate our software into their development efforts to date. As a result we can either fork the code and do our own effort (would require major commitment of resources) or we have to keep synchronizing our changes to each new version of their product (infeasible). Note that we would be happy for anyone open source or not to help by providing support needed by the complex minority scripts. We have pursued open source mainly because we can modify the code and the resultant free software looks attractive to us. 30
31 Web-sites of Interest SIL International: sil.org/ Multilingual Computing: Content: Here are Links to some SIL contributions to research and d development in the area of multilingual computing, links to additional resources, s, and a glossary of Character Encoding and Rendering. Fonts in Cyberspace: Content : This is a guide to finding language fonts on the Internet. Containing more than 400 sources for 123 languages. NRSI: Computers & Writing Systems: Content: Character Encoding, Understanding Unicode, Keyboard Design And Keyboarding Utilities, Type Design, and Script Rendering Technologies ogies SIL Software Catalog: Content: SIL has developed more than 60 pieces of software to support the work of its fieldworkers; most available to the public for free download. Keyman 6.1: tavultesoft.com/keyman/ Content: Keyman is a commercial Windows keyboard mapping software that, with Keyman Developer, is used to design your own keyboard layouts. SIL FieldWorks 2.0: SIL FieldWorks is a suite of software tools that work together to help language e teams worldwide. The current released suite of programs includes WorldPad and the SIL FieldWorks Data Notebook. Additional applications are under development. Field Linguist s s Toolbox: Toolbox is a data management and analysis tool for field linguists. It is especially useful for maintaining lexical data, and for parsing and interlinearizing text, but it can be used to manage virtually any kind of data. Lexique Pro: Lexique Pro is an interactive lexicon viewer, with hyperlinks between entries, category views, dictionary reversal, search, and export tools. It's I designed to display your data in a user-friendly format so you can distribute it to others. Following are some web sites of interest. 31
Extensible Rendering for Complex Writing Systems
Extensible Rendering for Complex Writing Systems Sharon Correll SIL International 1 Introduction Those needing to work with multilingual text, particularly using any kind of complex script, commonly run
More informationTransitioning a Vastly Multilingual Corporation to Unicode
Transitioning a Vastly Multilingual Corporation to Unicode Lorna A. Priest For 70 years SIL International has been working to study, develop and document the world s lesser-known languages. Many of these
More informationKeyman, LANGIDs & Codepages
Keyman, LANGIDs & Codepages Interactions you may not expect Peter Constable SIL Non-Roman Script Initiative Copyright 2001 Peter Constable & SIL International In certain situations, Keyman 5 may appear
More informationCrossing the Digital Divide: computer resources to aid minorities
Crossing the Digital Divide: computer resources to aid minorities Martin Hosken i and Melinda Lyons ii Introduction The term digital divide has been used frequently over the past five years to express
More informationבּ שּׁ מ י ם. Ezra SIL Hebrew Unicode Fonts. Installation Guide. SIL International. NRSI-Ezra
בּ שּׁ מ י ם Ezra SIL Hebrew Unicode Fonts Installation Guide SIL International NRSI-Ezra-070402142200-01 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Installation Guide: Ezra SIL Hebrew Unicode Fonts... 4 Introduction...
More informationCreeKeysDesktop3 - Cree Syllabics Keyboarding for Windows
CreeKeysDesktop3 - Cree Syllabics Keyboarding for Windows Background Since 1988 I have been working with the Naskapi language at Kawawachikamach with the primary purpose of Bible translation, sponsored
More informationComments on responses to objections provided in N2661
Title: Doc. Type: Source: Comments on N2661, Clarification and Explanation on Tibetan BrdaRten Proposal Expert contribution UTC/L2 Date: October 20, 2003 Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2, UTC
More informationPan-Unicode Fonts. Text Layout Summit 2007 Glasgow, July 4-6. Ben Laenen, DejaVu Fonts
Pan-Unicode Fonts Text Layout Summit 2007 Glasgow, July 4-6 Ben Laenen, DejaVu Fonts Introduction Feature request last Friday for DejaVu: Request for Khmer characters U+1780-17DD, 17E0-17E9, 17F0-17F9:
More informationGlobal and local dimensions of emerging community languages support
Global and local dimensions of emerging community languages support Andrew Cunningham e-diversity and Content Infrastructure Solutions Public Libraries Unit, Vicnet State Library of Victoria andrewc@vicnet.net.au
More informationBuilding Apps Last updated: 12 June 2017
Building Apps Last updated: 12 June 2017 Contents 1. Preparing content for your app... 3 1.1. Preparing your lexicon file... 3 1.2. Preparing images... 3 1.3. Preparing audio... 3 2. How to build your
More informationebook library PAGE 1 HOW TO OPTIMIZE TRANSLATIONS AND ACCELERATE TIME TO MARKET
ebook library PAGE 1 HOW TO OPTIMIZE TRANSLATIONS AND ACCELERATE TIME TO MARKET Aligning people, process and technology to improve quality and speed to market To succeed in the global business arena, companies
More informationTECkit version 2.0 A Text Encoding Conversion toolkit
TECkit version 2.0 A Text Encoding Conversion toolkit Jonathan Kew SIL Non-Roman Script Initiative (NRSI) Abstract TECkit is a toolkit for encoding conversions. It offers a simple format for describing
More informationSurvey of Language Computing in Asia 2005
Survey of Language Computing in Asia 2005 Sarmad Hussain Nadir Durrani Sana Gul Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences www.nu.edu.pk www.idrc.ca
More informationISO/IEC JTC/1 SC/2 WG/2 N2312. ISO/IEC JTC/1 SC/2 WG/2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
ISO/IEC JTC/1 SC/2 WG/2 N2312 L2/01-025 2001-01-08 ISO/IEC JTC/1 SC/2 WG/2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Title: Presentation of tone contours encoded as UCS tone letter sequences Doc.
More informationDATE: Time: 12:28 AM N SupportN2621 Page: 1 of 9 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2
DATE: 2003-10-17 Time: 12:28 AM N2661 - SupportN2621 Page: 1 of 9 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N2661 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Date: 2003-10-17 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - ISO/IEC 10646
More informationHong Kong Cantonese Data Retrieval in Multilingual Perspectives: The Case of a Cantonese-Dagaare-English e-lexicon
Hong Kong Cantonese Data Retrieval in Multilingual Perspectives: The Case of a Cantonese-Dagaare-English e-lexicon Sally Y.K. MOK Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong
More informationSummary of Bird and Simons Best Practices
Summary of Bird and Simons Best Practices 6.1. CONTENT (1) COVERAGE Coverage addresses the comprehensiveness of the language documentation and the comprehensiveness of one s documentation of one s methodology.
More informationThe Unicode Standard Version 11.0 Core Specification
The Unicode Standard Version 11.0 Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers
More informationUsing the FirstVoices Kwa wala Keyboard
Using the FirstVoices Kwa wala Keyboard The keyboard described here has been designed for the Kwa wala language, so that all of the special characters required by the language can be easily typed on your
More informationAFP Support for TrueType/Open Type Fonts and Unicode
AFP Support for TrueType/Open Type Fonts and Unicode Reinhard Hohensee Distinguished Engineer October 24, 2003 Ricoh Topics What is Unicode? What are TrueType and OpenType fonts? Why have we extended the
More informationChapter Objectives 1 of 2. Chapter 3. The Operating System. Chapter Objectives 2 of 2. The Operating System. The Operating System
Teachers Discovering Computers Integrating Technology and Digital Media in the Classroom 6 th Edition Chapter 3 Application Productivity Tools for Educators Chapter Objectives 1 of 2 Explain the role of
More informationCommunication through the language barrier in some particular circumstances by means of encoded localizable sentences
Communication through the language barrier in some particular circumstances by means of encoded localizable sentences William J G Overington 17 February 2014 This research document presents a system which
More informationReviewed by Tyler M. Heston, University of Hawai i at Mānoa
Vol. 7 (2013), pp. 114-122 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4576 Ukelele From SIL International Reviewed by Tyler M. Heston, University of Hawai i at Mānoa 1. Introduction. Ukelele
More informationOpenType Font by Harsha Wijayawardhana UCSC
OpenType Font by Harsha Wijayawardhana UCSC Introduction The OpenType font format is an extension of the TrueType font format, adding support for PostScript font data. The OpenType font format was developed
More informationApp Publishing Checklist
App Publishing Checklist Is your app ready to publish? Before you release your app and make it available for users to install and share, here is a list of things to check. This checklist can be used by
More informationBangla Text Input and Rendering Support for Short Message Service on Mobile Devices
Bangla Text Input and Rendering Support for Short Message Service on Mobile Devices Tofazzal Rownok, Md. Zahurul Islam and Mumit Khan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka,
More informationfrom Pavel Mihaylov and Dorothee Beermann Reviewed by Sc o t t Fa r r a r, University of Washington
Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 60-65 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4467 TypeCraft from Pavel Mihaylov and Dorothee Beermann Reviewed by Sc o t t Fa r r a r, University of Washington 1. OVERVIEW.
More informationMobile Messaging Using Bangla
1 Mobile Messaging Using Bangla Tofazzal Rownok ID# 01101040 Department of Computer Science and Engineering December 2005 BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis
More information1 Lithuanian Lettering
Proposal to identify the Lithuanian Alphabet as a Collection in the ISO/IEC 10646, including the named sequences for the accented letters that have no pre-composed form of encoding (also in TUS) Expert
More informationSurvey of Language Computing in Asia 2005
Survey of Language Computing in Asia 2005 Sarmad Hussain Nadir Durrani Sana Gul Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences www.nu.edu.pk www.idrc.ca
More informationQUICKSTART GUIDE. This QuickStart Guide will help you to get up and running quickly on the AT Home site. You ll find the following information:
QUICKSTART GUIDE Premier Literacy has a comprehensive suite of digital reading and writing tools that your local school district has provided to you while you re in school. Your local school district has
More informationpreliminary draft, June 15, :57 preliminary draft, June 15, :57
TUGboat, Volume 0 (9999), No. 0 preliminary draft, June 15, 2018 17:57? 1 FreeType MF Module: A module for using METAFONT directly inside the FreeType rasterizer Jaeyoung Choi, Ammar Ul Hassan and Geunho
More informationPDF and Accessibility
PDF and Accessibility Mark Gavin Appligent, Inc. January 11, 2005 Page 1 of 33 Agenda 1. What is PDF? a. What is it not? b. What are its Limitations? 2. Basic Drawing in PDF. 3. PDF Reference Page 2 of
More informationBattle of Desktop Publishing Programs
Battle of Desktop Publishing Programs by Catharine Carpenter Commerical Open Source We all have our favourite Desktop Publishing Programs which we use as long as we can until we finally bite the bullet
More informationQUICKSTART GUIDE. This QuickStart Guide will help you to get up and running quickly on the AT Home site. You ll find the following information:
QUICKSTART GUIDE Premier Literacy has as comprehensive suite of digital reading and writing tools that your local school district has provided to you while you re in school. Your local school district
More informationA. Administrative. B. Technical -- General
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2306R 2000-11-29 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation еждународная организация
More informationInternet Governance: Today and Tomorrow
Internet Governance: Today and Tomorrow Philip Smith Internet Society Board of Trustees APNIC 28 Beijing August 25, 2009 The Internet Society Founded in 1992 by Internet pioneers International non-profit
More informationProposal to Add Four SENĆOŦEN Latin Charaters
L2/04-170 Proposal to Add Four SENĆOŦEN Latin Charaters by: John Elliot, Peter Brand, and Chris Harvey of: Saanich Native Heritage Society and First Peoples' Cultural Foundation Date: May 5, 2004 The SENĆOŦEN
More informationThis RSC document is a minor revision of its counterpart JSC document (6JSC/Policy/6); only minimal updating of names has occurred.
RSC/Policy/6 Page 1 of 6 To: From: Subject: RDA Steering Committee Gordon Dunsire, Chair, RSC Translation Policy for RDA and RDA Toolkit Related document This RSC document is a minor revision of its counterpart
More informationMultilingual mathematical e-document processing
Multilingual mathematical e-document processing Azzeddine LAZREK University Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences Department of Computer Science Marrakech - Morocco lazrek@ucam.ac.ma http://www.ucam.ac.ma/fssm/rydarab
More informationMONTHLY TEST MAY 2017 QUESTION BANK FOR AVERAGE STUDENTS. Q.2 What is free software? How is it different from Open Source Software?
MONTHLY TEST MAY 2017 QUESTION BANK FOR AVERAGE STUDENTS Q.1. What is OSS? It refers to Open Source Software, which are modifiable, redistributable but may or may not be available free of cost. Source
More informationThe software for this server was created by Floris van Vugt (programmer) and Alexis Dimitriadis, for the Berlin-Utrecht Reciprocals Survey.
Data entry with the BURS Database Server Alexis Dimitriadis This version: 6 October 2008 Contents 1. Background 2. System requirements 3. The data entry process 4. Important points (Make sure you read
More informationDescription of Polyglossum program.
http://www.ets.ru/pg_help/eindex.htm [More Information: http://www.ets.ru/pg/e/index.htm] Description of Polyglossum program. Introduction Installation of program and dictionaries Calling the dictionary
More informationQ: Do I have to enter data already collected in the Banner system? Q: What information will be made public or shared with other data bases?
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q: Is DMS an online evaluation tool? Q. Who do I contact for help? Q: How much time will data entry require? Q: Who will enter my activities into the system? Q: How accurate
More informationRealize Reader Chrome App Version Early Learning User Guide
Realize Reader 18.0 Chrome App Version 3.2.0 Early Learning User Guide 3/9/2018 Contents Contents ii What Is Realize Reader? 3 Use Realize Reader Mobile Apps 3 Complete Realize Reader Assignments 4 Use
More informationLet s Review Lesson 2!
What is Technology Teachers and Discovering Why it so Important Computers in Integrating Technology and Education Today? Digital Media in the Classroom 5 th Edition Let s Review Lesson 2! Wheel of Terms
More informationUniTerm Formats and Terminology Exchange
Wolfgang Zenk UniTerm Formats and Terminology Exchange Abstract This article presents UniTerm, a typical representative of terminology management systems (TMS). The first part will highlight common characteristics
More informationProposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS
Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS Date: 2003-5-30 Author: Peter Constable, SIL International Address 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236 USA Tel: +1 972 708 7485 Email:
More informationseminar learning system Seminar Author and Learning System are products of Information Transfer LLP.
seminar learning system Seminar Author and Learning System are products of Information Transfer LLP. Burleigh House 15 Newmarket Road Cambridge UK CB5 8EG E-mail: support@seminar.co.uk Phone: +44 (0)1223
More informationDIGITIZATION OF HISTORICAL INFORMATION AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ZAMBIA: CRITICAL STRATEGIC REVIEW
DIGITIZATION OF HISTORICAL INFORMATION AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ZAMBIA: CRITICAL STRATEGIC REVIEW By Chrispin Hamooya The University of Zambia Chrismooya@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Archives administration
More informationCOMPUTER-AIDED PROCESSING OF CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHIC MATERIALS
Jira Mathtas COMPUTER-AIDED PROCESSING OF CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHIC MATERIALS Introduction The CETA (Chinese-English Translation Assistance) Group, of which I am Executive Secretary, was organized in 1971
More informationOpen Source Tamil Computing
Open Source Tamil Computing S. Gopinath and E.I. Nehru National Informatics Centre, Chennai Abstract For many of us English is the natural choice for commodity Computing such as Internet Web browsing,
More informationPart III: Survey of Internet technologies
Part III: Survey of Internet technologies Content (e.g., HTML) kinds of objects we re moving around? References (e.g, URLs) how to talk about something not in hand? Protocols (e.g., HTTP) how do things
More informationThe Open Road: language technology developments and public library services
The Open Road: language technology developments and public library services Andrew Cunningham Multilingual Technical Project Officer, Accessibility and Evaluation Unit, VICNET, State Library of Victoria
More informationChanging Languages (Localization)
L O C A L I Z A T I O N Tutorial Changing Languages (Localization) in the TNT Products Changing Languages (Localization) Before Getting Started This booklet surveys the steps necessary to localize the
More informationDictionary App Builder: Building Apps
Building Apps Dictionary App Builder: Building Apps 2018, SIL International Last updated: 13 March 2018 You are free to print this manual for personal use and for training workshops. The latest version
More information2017 HSC Information and Digital Technology Web and Software Applications Marking Guidelines
2017 HSC Information and Digital Technology Web and Software Applications Marking Guidelines Section I Multiple-choice Answer Key Question Answer 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 A 11 A 12 B 13 D
More informationManaging Translations for Blaise Questionnaires
Managing Translations for Blaise Questionnaires Maurice Martens, Alerk Amin & Corrie Vis (CentERdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands) Summary The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is
More information1. Question about how to choose a suitable program. 2. Contrasting and analyzing fairness of these two programs
MWG/2-N8 音码 :Phonetic code 形码 :Graphic code 义码 :Semantic code A contrastive study on Phonetic code program and Graphic code program Liang Jinbao March 23, 2018 1. Question about how to choose a suitable
More informationAutomation Software. Automation Organizer Suite - WindO/I-NV2/NV3/NV4. Programming Software for IDEC OI Touchscreens & FT1A Touch
WindO/I-NV2/NV3/NV4 Automation Organizer Suite - WindO/I-NV2/NV3/NV4 Programming Software for IDEC & FT1A Touch Key Features Built-in Serial and Network Protocols Pass-thru function Extensive Image Library
More informationmfh MFH Overall project MFQQ 2 nd Assessment Ursula Trummer, Jürgen M.Pelikan Closing Meeting, Dublin, September 17-18, 2004
MFH Overall project MFQQ 2 nd Assessment Ursula Trummer, Jürgen M.Pelikan Closing Meeting, Dublin, September 17-18, 2004 LBIMGS 2004 1 MFH Overall Project Overall project assessment - MFQQ 1 st survey
More informationTamil Localisation Process A case study
Tamil Localisation Process A case study Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran sarvesk@uom.lk Gihan Dias gihan@uom.lk Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa,
More informationDEVELOPING TOOLS FOR CREATING MAINTAINING ANALYZING FIELD DATA *
DEVELOPING TOOLS FOR CREATING MAINTAINING ANALYZING FIELD DATA * Shoju CHIBA College of Foreign Languages, Reitaku University schiba@reitaku-u.ac.jp Abstract Field linguists encounter various problems
More information2007, 2008 FileMaker, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bento User s Guide 2007, 2008 FileMaker, Inc. All rights reserved. FileMaker, Inc. 5201 Patrick Henry Drive Santa Clara, California 95054 FileMaker, the file folder logo, Bento and the Bento logo are either
More informationUnicode for Under-Resourced Languages
Unicode for Under-Resourced Languages Daniel Yacob The Ge ez Frontier Foundation 7802 Solomon Seal Dr., Springfield, VA 22152, USA yacob@geez.org Abstract Best known as a standard for character encoding,
More informationPLATYPUS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS V. 2.02
PLATYPUS FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS V. 2.02 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 2 Input Requirements... 2 Input file... 2 Input File Processing... 2 Commands... 3 Categories of Commands... 4 Formatting Commands...
More informationThe Training on Local Language Computing Fundamentals
The Training on Local Language Computing Fundamentals Internationalization/Localization ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode) Hints on Asian Input method 2004-1-19/23 Lahore, Pakistan Takayuki K. Sato Chief Researcher,
More informationMultilingual Hybrid Text Processing in Ancient Uighur (Chaghatai) Digitalized System
Journal of Chinese Language and Computing 15 (4): (211-218) Multilingual Hybrid Text Processing in Ancient Uighur (Chaghatai) Digitalized System College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang
More informationPrivacy and Security in Online Social Networks Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Privacy and Security in Online Social Networks Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture - 04 Tutorial 1, Part 1 Ubuntu Hi everyone, welcome to the first
More informationCommon Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure REVISED WEBSITE
REVISED WEBSITE Responsible: Dan Cristea Contributing Partners: UAIC, FFGZ, DFKI, UIB/Unifob The ultimate objective of CLARIN is to create a European federation of existing digital repositories that include
More informationcustomization tools!
DATASHEET FileMaker PRO 10 ADVANCED for Central Europe, Middle East and India Advanced development and customization tools! FileMaker Pro 10 Advanced includes all the features of FileMaker Pro 10 plus
More informationHebrew for. Instructions regarding unicode, keyboards and word processing for students of Hebrew.
Hebrew for. Instructions regarding unicode, keyboards and word processing for students of Hebrew. Compiled by Michelle Knight Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Table of Contents Introduction 3 Versions
More informationNetwork Applications and Protocols
Network Applications and Protocols VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over
More informationGetting started. 1. Applying the keyboard labels. 2. Installing the Lakota Keyboard and Font Bundle
Getting started 1. Applying the keyboard labels 2. Installing the Lakota Keyboard and Font Bundle 3. Starting the Lakota Keyboard and Font Bundle 4. Lakhota fonts installed 5. Keyboards installed Auto
More informationOPEN-XCHANGE PRODUCT SHEET. Update: Version 1.2
OPEN-XCHANGE PRODUCT SHEET Update: 27.04.2015 Version 1.2 1. Solutions benefits 1.1. For the customer 1.1.1. General benefits Open-Xchange is a great alternative to Microsoft Exchange that equips users
More informationDEFINE THE QUERY AS ONE OF THE DATABASE OBJECTS A Query is database object that retrieves specific information from a database.
LESSON 1 DATABASE OBJECT-QUERY DEFINE THE QUERY AS ONE OF THE DATABASE OBJECTS A Query is database object that retrieves specific information from a database. For example, you can retrieve a student s
More informationDIGITAL PRINT DESIGN (568 )
DESCRIPTION Create and produce digital print projects that communicates and promotes graphic communication. Develop knowledge and skills relative to the graphic design & printing industries. Includes:
More informationInformation Technology Web Solution Services
Information Technology Web Solution Services Icetech, Inc. HUBZONE (410) 225-3117 (410) 225-3120 Fax webmaster@icetech.net http://www.icetech.net Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 2 OUR SERVICES INCLUDE:...
More informationFrom Scratch to the Web: Terminological Theses at the University of Innsbruck
Peter Sandrini University of Innsbruck From Scratch to the Web: Terminological Theses at the University of Innsbruck Terminology Diploma Theses (TDT) have been well established in the training of translators
More informationOptical Character Recognition Applied to Romanian Printed Texts of the 18th 20th Century
Computer Science Journal of Moldova, vol.24, no.1(70), 2016 Optical Character Recognition Applied to Romanian Printed Texts of the 18th 20th Century Svetlana Cojocaru Ludmila Malahov Alexandru Colesnicov
More informationEasy English fact sheet
Easy English fact sheet Fact sheet brought to you by Scope s Accessible Information Service Introduction At Scope, we re often asked whether a document should be written in plain language, Easy English
More informationRegarding the Hawaiian Keyboard Layouts for Windows XP and Vista
Regarding the Hawaiian Keyboard Layouts for Windows XP and Vista This document provides background information and instructions for the installation and use of the Hawaiian keyboard layouts provided by
More informationRealize Reader Chrome App Version User Guide
Realize Reader 18.0 Chrome App Version 3.2.0 User Guide 3/9/2018 Contents Contents ii What Is Realize Reader 1 Use Realize Reader Mobile Apps 1 Navigate the Bookshelf 2 View Information About a Book 2
More informationELAN Linguistic Annotator
ELAN Linguistic Annotator Introduction to Speech and Video Annotation with ELAN http://www.lat-mpi.eu/tools/elan Han Sloetjes, Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics November 2011 Introduction to ELAN
More informationDoConference Web Conferencing: DoMore DoConference
DoConference Web Conferencing: DoMore DoConference Use DoConference Conferencing for: Training and E-Learning Deliver interactive online classes, E-Learning sessions and educate easily and affordably.
More informationNeed for Tamil Intranet
Need for Tamil Intranet Mr. C. Sivakumar, M.S. Research Scholar (Ph.D), Software Engineer, HCL Technologies Ltd., Chennai. & Ms. P. Srivalli, Junior Research Fellow (Ph.D), Department of Journalism/Communication,
More informationIf this proposal is adopted, the following three characters would exist: with the following properties (including a change from Ll to Lo for U+0294):
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2962R L2/05-194R 2005-08-10 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная
More informationABLE MAIL: INCLUSIVE . EVALUATED AND REVIEWED BY PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
ABLE MAIL: INCLUSIVE EMAIL. EVALUATED AND REVIEWED BY PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 1 WHY THIS PROJECT? To improve the quality of life of people with ID in a technological way. The use of new technologies
More informationBardax. Process GD350 ADVANCED TYPOGRAPHY REFLECTION ON PRACTICE ERSAN ÇELİKTAŞ
1 1. Turkish tea glass is called ince belli bardak in Turkish, which means thin waisted glass. 2. Adobe Illustrator is a computer software that enables users to design, modify and edit vector graphics
More informationIntroduction to programming Lecture 4: processing les and counting words
Introduction to programming Lecture 4: processing les and counting words UNIVERSITY OF Richard Johansson September 22, 2015 overview of today's lecture le processing splitting into sentences and words
More informationA. Administrative. B. Technical General
L2/00-120 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N DATE: 2000-04-07 DOC TYPE: Expert contribution TITLE: Proposal to add characters for use with Thaana Script (Divehi language) SOURCE: Paul Nelson (Redmond, WA, USA), Paul
More informationRead & Download (PDF Kindle) VBScript: Programming Success In A Day: Beginner's Guide To Fast, Easy And Efficient Learning Of VBScript Programming
Read & Download (PDF Kindle) VBScript: Programming Success In A Day: Beginner's Guide To Fast, Easy And Efficient Learning Of VBScript Programming (VBScript, ADA, ASP.NET, C#, ADA... ASP.NET Programming,
More informationUse of webinars for information skills training Evaluation of a one-year project at Canterbury Christ Church University
Manfred Gschwandtner Faculty Liaison Librarian for Health and Wellbeing Library Services Canterbury manfred.gschwandtner@gmail. com Introduction The aim of this project was to introduce webinars as an
More informationRendering in Dzongkha
Rendering in Dzongkha Pema Geyleg Department of Information Technology pema.geyleg@gmail.com Abstract The basic layout engine for Dzongkha script was created with the help of Mr. Karunakar. Here the layout
More informationWRITING RIGHT FOR THE WEB: SOCIAL MEDIA, MOBILE, AND TRADITIONAL SITES
WRITING RIGHT FOR THE WEB: SOCIAL MEDIA, MOBILE, AND TRADITIONAL SITES Session 1: Communicating Via Your Traditional Website Tuesday, December 6, 2011 :: 1:00 2:30 p.m. EST Session 2: Communicating Via
More informationOffice Administration
Office Administration 216 Office Administration Location: Library Tower - 2 nd Floor Program Information As part of the Business and Services Technology Division at, the Office Administration program prepares
More informationWhat is on the Concise Chinese Materia Medica CD-ROM?
What is on the Concise Chinese Materia Medica CD-ROM? The Concise Chinese Materia Medica Application (CCMM Study) and the CCMM Self Test software are an outcome of the learning strategy implemented in
More informationInformation Catalog Center Administration Guide
IBM DB2 Warehouse Manager Information Catalog Center Administration Guide Version 8 SC27-1125-00 IBM DB2 Warehouse Manager Information Catalog Center Administration Guide Version 8 SC27-1125-00 Before
More informationMultimedia Design and Authoring
Unit 13: Multimedia Design and Authoring Unit code: H/601/0467 QCF Level 4: BTEC Higher National Credit value: 15 Unit aim To help learners understand design processes including planning, iteration and
More informationpreparation of National Action Plans on youth employment the process of developing the NAP
preparation of National Action Plans on youth employment the process of developing the NAP module 3 1 outline suggested partnerships in NAP development and their role national institutions and partners
More information