Arabic document composition with T E X

Transcription

1 Arabic document composition with T E X Azzeddine LAZREK University Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences Department of Computer Science Marrakesh - Morocco lazrek@ucam.ac.ma

2 Outline 1 Arabic text composition Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi 2 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt 3

3 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi Although the typesetting system TEX was originally designed especially for composition of mathematical documents, it has become a very ne system for typesetting documents in many other elds. The Arabic alphabetbased scripts are some of the linguistic contexts where the use of TEX has been progressively adapted. TEX-XET : D. Knuth and P. MacKay, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization in University of Washington, presented the basic principles of a system of mixing LTR and RTL text based on TEX. These principles of bi-directionality and inversion character glyphs are appointed TEX-XET and viewed throw dvi-ivd. Primitives: \beginr, \endr, \beginl, \endl Azzeddine LAZREK 3/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

4 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi TEX--XET : developed by Peter Breitenlohner under the aegis of DANTE. It is an extended of TEX-XET integrated in ε-tex bidi : developed by François Charette as an extended of TEX--XET ε-tex ε-latex 1997: developed as part of the N T S project, supported by DANTE, and compatible with TEX MlTEX : developed by Michael Ferguson XETEX : developed by Jonathan Kew, extended ε-tex Azzeddine LAZREK 4/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

5 RTL capabilities Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi TEX programs with Right-to-Left capabilities, knowing the primitives: \beginr, \endr, \beginl, \endl tetex for UNIX/Linux: ε-tex NTEX for UNIX: TEX--XET Web2C for Windows, the default TEX program in MikTEX DirectTEX for Older Mac OS: TEX--XET XETEX for Mac OS X, Linux and Windows TEX Live CD-ROMs distributed by TUG Azzeddine LAZREK 5/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

6 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi Abandante packages Fanton : Michel Fanton, INALCO in France, experimente a system based on TEX-XET ArabicTEX : developed by Y. Halalambous, integrated in DOS-GUT then in Win-GUT GUTenberg interface. ftp://ftp.gutenberg.eu.org/pub/gutenberg/pc/windows/documentation_supp/manuel.ps Al-Amal : developed by Y. Halalambous allowing for bi-directionality. It uses fonts (Naskhi) designed with METAFONT and covering all Arabic characters codied by Unicode. It is a part of ScholarTEX. It is a system comprising: an extension of macros, a series of fonts, a preprocessor, utilities (scholars) and compilers for multiple languages (Arabic, Armenian, Hebrew, Greek,... ). Azzeddine LAZREK 6/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

7 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi Maintened packages Aleph : new engine combines the features of ε-tex and Ω. lamed is the LATEX format using Aleph. bilotta.pdf AlQalam 2006: developed by Hossam A. H. Fahmy ARABXETEX : package developped by François Charette for bidictional text. It provides a convenient ArabTEX-like user-interface for typesetting languages using the Arabic script, with exible access to font features. It can be used in XELATEX and also with any ε-tex-based engine, notably pdflatex. Azzeddine LAZREK 7/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

8 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi RTL script package developed by Klaus Lagally, University of Stuttgart, 1990: Roman transliteration or Arabic encoding: ISO8859-6, UTF-8 Important algorithm for Hamza position Contextual analyze by some TEX macros Confection of Naskh Arabic font Example: Azzeddine LAZREK 8/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

9 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi Unicode enhanced version of TEX developed by John Plaice, University of Sydney, and Yannis Haralambous, Fluxus Virus then ENSTB, 1995: Unicode input Unicode processing Multi-lingual composition Example: Process: Azzeddine LAZREK 9/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

10 Engines Others packages ArabTEX Ω Arabi Arabic and Farsi scripts package developed by Youssef Jabri, Oujda University, 2005: used in any TEX engine supporting RTL directionality accepts input in several 8-bit encodings: UTF-8, ISO8859-6, CP1256 is a pure L A TEX/Babel approach to Arabic typesetting, so contextual analysis is done in the fonts Example: Azzeddine LAZREK 10/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

11 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Features of mathematical expressions w.r.t. regular text: Specic symbols:,,,... variable sizes and shapes: a a, a + b, b Bi-dimensional: a c + d, x i, x i, Azzeddine LAZREK 11/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

12 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Features of mathematical expressions w.r.t. regular text: Specic symbols:,,,... variable sizes and shapes: a a, a + b, b Bi-dimensional: a c + d, x i, x i, Azzeddine LAZREK 11/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

13 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Features of mathematical expressions w.r.t. regular text: Specic symbols:,,,... variable sizes and shapes: a a, a + b, b Bi-dimensional: a c + d, x i, x i, Azzeddine LAZREK 11/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

14 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Creating a mathematical font is a complex artistic and technical task RamzArab Design and development of the OpenType font RamzArab that tries to meet, as far as possible, the requirements of: Homogeneity: designing symbols with the same feather for homogeneous shapes, sizes, boldness,... Completeness: regrouping most of the usual specic Arabic symbols in use Originality: observing the most of practical calligraphic rules Azzeddine LAZREK 12/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

15 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Unicode The Unicode Standard provides a quite complete set of standard mathematical characters. There is a good deal of symbols found in Arabic mathematical handbooks that are not yet part of the Unicode Standard and can't be obtained through a simple mirroring nor through a simple implementation process. Some of such special characters, designed in RamzArab, are proposed for inclusion into the Unicode Standard and now are on discussion. Until their adoption by Unicode, the symbols used in these tools will be located in the Private Use Area E000-F8FF in the Basic Multilingual Plane. Azzeddine LAZREK 13/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

16 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt RyDArab system preserves all the distinguished qualities: a full numerical composition a high typographical quality oering several options to adapt it to areas and levels generating documents in several formats (DVI, PS, PDF) producing documents in format HTML with image based mathematical expressions towards transformation from/to OpenMath MathML same commands structure in order to automatist translation (Ar, En, Fr) Azzeddine LAZREK 14/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

17 Mathematical font RyDArab CurExt Conception of CurExt system designing some dynamic symbols. The parentheses and Kashida symbols are representative of the possible cases of horizontal and vertical curvilinear extensibility. So, that can be easily generalized to other variable-sized symbols. A lengthening of the straight line is not in conformity with the Arabic calligraphy rules. Azzeddine LAZREK 15/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

18 Facilitate the use and understanding commands of TEX Composer Arabic documents using only Arabic, and control, characters (ex. \, $) Avoiding problems due to bidirectional lines Azzeddine LAZREK 16/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

19 Facilitate the use and understanding commands of TEX Composer Arabic documents using only Arabic, and control, characters (ex. \, $) Avoiding problems due to bidirectional lines Azzeddine LAZREK 16/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

20 Facilitate the use and understanding commands of TEX Composer Arabic documents using only Arabic, and control, characters (ex. \, $) Avoiding problems due to bidirectional lines Azzeddine LAZREK 16/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

21 The complex and indirect methods are still used. Causes RyDArab et CurExt are not suciently known TEX dicult programming language Language barrier Solution Arabization of TEX DadT E X Azzeddine LAZREK 17/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

22 The complex and indirect methods are still used. Causes RyDArab et CurExt are not suciently known TEX dicult programming language Language barrier Solution Arabization of TEX DadT E X Azzeddine LAZREK 17/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

23 Problems related to the bidi Unicode algorithm: Text selection Character position Semantic Azzeddine LAZREK 18/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

24 Problems related to the bidi Unicode algorithm: Text selection Character position Semantic Azzeddine LAZREK 18/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

25 Problems related to the bidi Unicode algorithm: Text selection Character position Semantic \catcode \Àº =11 \catcode \11=À º Azzeddine LAZREK 18/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

26 Advantages Limits Direct: based to TEX Portable: works on all platforms Extensible: adding new commands Flexible: retranslation commands Supercial: without any change in the kernel and packages Adapted DadTEX to other systems (Arabi) Using RyDArab with Omega into DadTEX Advanced use of Arabic-Indic numbers Localization of lenames Example: Azzeddine LAZREK 19/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

27 Advantages Limits Direct: based to TEX Portable: works on all platforms Extensible: adding new commands Flexible: retranslation commands Supercial: without any change in the kernel and packages Adapted DadTEX to other systems (Arabi) Using RyDArab with Omega into DadTEX Advanced use of Arabic-Indic numbers Localization of lenames Example: Azzeddine LAZREK 19/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

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29 The End Thank you!

30 ArabT E X example Source Result test1 a + b a b test1 a + b a b test2 test2 Azzeddine LAZREK 22/25 Arabic document composition with TEX 1 1

31 Ω example Arabic text composition Source Result test1 a + b a b test1 a + b a b test2 test2 Azzeddine LAZREK 23/25 Arabic document composition with TEX 1 1

32 Ω process Arabic text composition omega test.tex lambda test.tex oxdvi test.dvi odvips -o test.ps test.dvi gv test.ps TEX L A TEX Azzeddine LAZREK 24/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

33 Arabi example Source Result Azzeddine LAZREK 25/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

34 RyDArab example Source Result Azzeddine LAZREK 26/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

35 CurExt example Source Result Azzeddine LAZREK 27/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

36 DadT E X example Azzeddine LAZREK 28/25 Arabic document composition with TEX

37 RamzArab Arabic mathematical symbols Azzeddine LAZREK 29/25 Arabic document composition with TEX