Borehole Seismic Services Data processing, imaging and dedicated expertise

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1 Borehole Seismic Services Data processing, imaging and dedicated expertise

2 To reduce risk and optimize recovery, you need a clear picture of the reservoir. OptaSense Borehole Seismic Services help you illuminate complex geological environments by delivering superior data processing and imaging, complimented by a dedicated team of experts in borehole seismology. Whether exploring challenging salt formations or developing unconventional reservoirs, we provide operators with the insight necessary to locate and produce hydrocarbons, safely and efficiently. Our offering includes imaging and processing of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) and microseismic data. In addition to standard products, we offer specialty services, such as virtual source generation and interferometric imaging of VSP, microseismic and passive seismic data, which is used to solve complex salt flank or unconventional reservoir imaging. For fast and accurate results, leverage our team of experts who have acquired decades of experience in borehole seismic processing and imaging. Using advanced algorithms combined with commercial and proprietary tools, they will provide quality data sets and subsurface images that reduce uncertainty, mitigate risk and optimize recovery.

3 Borehole Seismic Services VSP Services Pre-survey Modeling Illumination studies Full waveform modeling and imaging Synthetic seismogram generation/avo Time-lapse feasibility modeling Zero Offset 1D VSP Checkshot data (time-depth curves) Velocity with optimal depth control Well ties to seismic (corridor) Attenuation analysis Sonic log QC and calibration Uphole velocity analysis Walkaway 2D / 3D VSP Velocity model calibration Tomographic analysis Anisotropic VTI inversion (superior anisotropy control compared to surface seismic) 3D VSP Vertical, horizontal, or deviated wells Azimuthal velocity and amplitude analysis Azimuthal anisotropy analysis Shear wave velocity calibration Shear wave corridor stack Sh/Sv wave imaging P-S converted wave imaging 4D Time-Lapse VSP Time-Lapse processing and imaging Pre or Post migration vintage matching Microseismic Services Standard 3C Borehole Microseismic Real time or post processing Event detection Event mapping Attributes (frac height/length, SRV) Frac-zone interpretation Microseismic interferometry using microseismic events as sources for imaging DAS Cross-Well Microseismic In-situ perf shot analysis In-situ event detection and constrained event mapping Specialty Services Data Quality Check & Cleaning 1D/2D/3D signal processing Denoising of flow and hydraulic fracture profiling data Specialty Imaging Virtual source data placing sources virtually in well for highly accurate localized imaging Salt flank delineation Salt proximity/cavern safety Multiple migration

4 Overcome complex processing and imaging challenges With years of experience processing data from complex geological environments, our experts apply advanced algorithms and methods to solve complex processing and imaging challenges. Pre-Survey Modeling Whether the goal is to optimize the acquisition geometry or predict the seismic response, we believe a successful VSP project starts with modeling. Our experts apply a comprehensive modeling approach to explore particular survey geometries, acquisition or processing technologies. Optimal source and receiver configurations are determined to solve a given imaging problem in the most cost-effective manner. We judge the impact of various parameter choices on final images and the impact on every stage in the processing flow. If 2D or 3D VSP geometries are found to be suboptimal we can design acquisition programs that utilize novel interferometic imaging algorithms, such as multiple migrations, near-well interferometric imaging, salt-flank interferometric imaging and virtual source techniques for deviated well geometries. The design of 4D time-lapse monitoring scenarios require particularly careful and comprehensive modeling to ensure suitability for multi-year seismic programs. We perform feasibility studies, analyzing available log and core data to build rock physics relationships, which are modeled through the seismic acquisition and pre-stack depth imaging response. Building accurate, high resolution depth velocity models Modeling or imaging detailed structural and stratigraphic targets requires construction of a highly detailed subsurface model. Instead of analyzing simplified, generic models, we construct a full 3D subsurface model from all available data in the survey area, such as well logs, formations tops, horizons, time-depth curves, surface seismic back ground models. To ensure the accuracy of migrated images, anisotropic analysis and tomographic tools are used to update velocity models. The result is a highly realistic model that can be used for 3D ray tracing, as well as full wave form modeling. Solving complex imaging challenges To ensure the best possible image of the target is obtained, our experts employ various depth imaging methods, such as ray-based or waveform continuation-based. They utilize tools, including true-amplitude multi-component Kirchhoff prestack depth migration and wave equation depth migration. Our experience processing and imaging sand dune and/or severe topography conditions has also allowed us to generate state of the art algorithms that alleviate overburden problems. For specialty imaging problems, we use additional proprietary tools such as multiple migrations, interferometric imaging, interferometric salt proximity estimations, near well interferometric seismic imaging and microseismic event imaging. Mapping reservoir changes in 4D Multiple time-lapse 3D datasets can be used to analyze changes in the reservoir over time. Careful processing is needed to ensure that acquisition-related effects are removed to focus on fluid changes in the reservoir. Our tools and our experience in 4D processing ensures accurate results. We also can perform 4D feasibility modeling to demonstrate the expected 4D signal and ensure that the acquisition program is designed to provide a good 4D response. Overcoming challenges in microseismic processing Our microseismic processing, available in the field for real-time analysis or post processing includes proprietary tools for event detection and mapping, as well as determining microseismic attributes such as fracture height/length and stimulated rock volume (SRV). In addition, we have developed a proprietary technique called Microseismic Interferometry that uses the microseismic events as seismic sources in order to image the fracture zone at a very high resolution. Our interferometric imaging resolves reservoir features as small as a few feet in size, an order of magnitude or greater improvement over surface seismic. This type imaging technique is helpful in understanding the reservoir and planning additional treatment programs. In addition to processing conventional 3C borehole microseismic data, we have developed proprietary techniques for constrained mapping of DAS crosswell microseismic data. This analysis can be done in field and in real time, complementing other crosswell and hydraulic fracture profiling measurements.

5 Advanced Services Seamless Workflows Dedicated Expertise The Team Our borehole seismic services group comprises experts in borehole seismic processing and imaging. The team, working together for more than 15 years, consists of borehole seismic processing and R&D groups. They apply both commercial and proprietary software for VSP and microseismic processing, and collaborate on the development of new tools as needed to meet emerging demands. Proprietary Software Our experts leverage a library of borehole seismology software that includes a variety of modules for VSP and microseismic analysis. These modules, including our depth imaging tools and specialized algorithms are fit-for-purpose, ensuring a processing solution that addresses both production engineering and geoscience survey objectives. Our processing solutions can handle large 3D data sets. When paired with our expert understanding of borehole seismic and traditional pressing methods, our experts rapidly create and apply specialized algorithms. Our software library provides a variety of modules that apply proprietary algorithms for the analysis of 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D VSP data, including microseismic data. These modules have proven successful in a multitude of projects, and undergo a continuous improvement process driven by highly experienced geoscientists, mathematicians and software developers. In addition to the standard set of borehole seismic processing methods, we utilize algorithms and software tools, such as true-amplitude multi-component Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration, wave equation depth migration, multiple migrations, interferometric imaging, interferometric salt proximity estimations, near well interferometric seismic imaging and micro-seismic event imaging. Aside from greatly reducing our project deployment time, this advanced software framework allows our team of experts to rapidly prototype novel algorithms and ideas. This ingenuity has resulted in several cooperative technology development endeavors that tailor our tools to particular client needs. Rely on advanced borehole siesmic services and a team of dedicated experts for the insight you need to gain a clear understanding of your reservoir. To discover how we can help you illuminate complex geological environments, contact one of our experts in borehole seismology or visit us online.

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