Vers un renforcement de l architecture Internet : le protocole LISP ( Locator/ID Separation Protocol )
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1 Vers un renforcement de l architecture Internet : le protocole LISP ( Locator/ID Separation Protocol ) JCSA 2013" " " Luigi Iannone! 1 Institut Mines-Télécom
2 Road Map" - Why LISP???! - LISP Data Plane! RFC 6830! - LISP Control Plane! RFC 6833; RFC 6836; draft-ietf-lisp-ddt-01.txt! - The Big Picture! 2!
3 Why LISP?????! 3!
4 Internet s Scaling Issues" It is commonly recognized that today s Internet routing and addressing system is facing serious scaling problems. - D. Meyer, L. Zhang, K. Fall, Report from IAB Workshop on Routing and Addressing, RFC 4984, IETF, September 2007.! 4!
5 The s FIB inflation problem No... it is not just natural Internet growth" 01-Jan-94 to 14-March-11 Source: Peak Prefix Update Rate per Second IPv4 IPv6 Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and Churn Explosion: PI (Provider Independent) prefix Churn can have peaks of thousands per assignment! seconds Churn increases the need processing Multi-homing! power Traffic-Engineering! Security! Remember the YouTube incident?! 5!
6 Cause: The overloaded IP address semantic" - An IP Address tells:! Who you are! Hi! I am Luigi Iannone 46 Rue Barreault Paris France! Where you are!... and I am in Luigi Iannone 46 Rue Barreault Paris France! - This design was OK in the 70s-80s! Because was easier to implement! Because the Internet was a small academic network of networks! 6!
7 From Divide and Conquer......to Split and Scale! The Research Group has rough consensus that separating identity from location is desirable and technically feasible. However, the Research Group does NOT have consensus on the best engineering approach to such an identity/location split. - Along with a plethora of proposals:! "( LISP ) Locator/ID Separation Protocol!( RANGI ) Routing Architecture for the Next Generation Internet!( Ivip ) Internet Vastly Improved Plumbing!( hipv4 ) Hierarchical IPv4 Framework Name Overlay (NOL) Service for Scalable Internet Routing!!( CRM ) Compact Routing in a Locator Identifier Mapping System!( LMS ) Layered Mapping System Two-Phased Mapping!!( GLI-Split ) Global Locator, Local Locator, and Identifier Split!( TIDR ) Tunneled Inter-Domain Routing!( ILNP ) Identifier-Locator Network Protocol!( EEMDP ) Enhanced Efficiency of Mapping Distribution protocols in Map-and-Encap Schemes Evolution! Name-Based Sockets!!( IRON-RANGER ) Routing and Addressing in Networks with Global Enterprise Recursion!( HAIR ) Hierarchical Architecture for Internet Routing From RFC 6115: Recommendation for a Routing Architecture 7!
8 LISP: Locator/ID Separation Protocol" - RFC 6830: The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)! - RFC 6831: The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) for Multicast Environments! - RFC 6832: Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites! - RFC 6833: Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Server Interface! - RFC 6834: Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning! - RFC 6835: The Locator/ID Separation Protocol Internet Groper (LIG)! - RFC 6836: Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Alternative Logical Topology (LISP+ALT)! - RFC 6837: NERD: A not-so-novel Endpoint ID (EID) to Routing Locator (RLOC) Database! 8!
9 LISP Data Plane (RFC 6830)! 9!
10 Splitting ID and Location" Identifier Space Locator Space ITR/ETR Ingress/Egress Tunnel Routers (xtrs) 10!
11 Map & Encap Operations: source side" LISP-Database: DB Contains mappings owned locally Used to select source RLOC / Version IHL Type of Service Total Length / Identification Flags Fragment Offset OH Time to Live Protocol = 17 Header Checksum ? Source Routing Locator \ \ Destination Routing Locator? / Source Port = xxxx Dest Port = 4341 UDP \ UDP Length UDP Checksum L / N L E V I Flags Nonce/Map-Version I S \ Instance ID/ Locator Status Bits P / Version IHL Type of Service Total Length / Identification Flags Fragment Offset IH Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source EID \ \ Destination EID !
12 Where does LISP find the Mappings?" Where is located EID d? DB Mapping Distribution System (ALT, CONS, EMACS, DHT, NERD, TREE => DDT) Mapping Distribution System: Queried to retrieve mappings Used to select Destination RLOC 12!
13 Where does LISP store the Mappings?" LISP-Cache: DB Queried before the Mapping system Cache Mapping system queried only in case of miss Used to select Destination RLOC Mapping Distribution System (ALT, CONS, EMACS, DHT, NERD, TREE) 13!
14 Map & Encap Operations: destination side" / Version IHL Type of Service Total Length / Identification Flags Fragment Offset OH Time to Live Protocol = 17 Header Checksum Source Routing Locator \ \ Destination Routing Locator / Source Port = xxxx Dest Port = 4341 UDP \ UDP Length UDP Checksum L / N L E V I Flags Nonce/Map-Version I S \ Instance ID/ Locator Status Bits P / Version IHL Type of Service Total Length / Identification Flags Fragment Offset IH Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source EID \ \ Destination EID Consistency Checks: Check DB: Am I the correct RLOC for the destination EID? 14!
15 LISP Mapping Distribution System! LISP-MS (RFC 6833)! LISP+ALT (RFC 6836)! LISP-DDT (draft-ietf-lisp-ddt-01.txt)! 15!
16 MS: A Mapping System API" Map-Request(EID) Where is located EID d? Map-Resolver Map-Reply(EID: <RLOC1,...>) Mapping Distribution System (ALT, CONS, EMACS, DHT, NERD, TREE => DDT) Map-Register(EID: <RLOC1,...>) DB Map-Server Map-Notify(EID: <RLOC1,...>) 16!
17 LISP+ALT Alternative Logical Topology " - Pros! Based on existing well-known technology! - MS/MR Cons! PITA! MS/MR Mapping Distribution System MS/MR MS/MR MS/MR MS/MR ALT-Router over GRE Session MS/MR 17!
18 LISP+ALT Failure" - Used on an international testbed ( Rapidly resulted in very cumbersome maintenance! North America Europe Source: - 2nd Week March 2012" - LISP4.net switched to DDT" Asia Latin America LISP+ALT Topology early !
19 LISP-DDT Delegated Database Tree " - Pros! Easy maintenance! Economics! Security! - Cons! static manual configuration of the tree! MS/MR MS/MR MS/MR Mapping Distribution System MS/MR MS/MR MS/MR DDT Node Logical Delegation MS/MR 19!
20 MS /24 DDT Node 10.6/16 LISP-DDT Configuration" DDT Node 10/8 DDT Root 0/0 MR MR! Static pointer to root!! DDT Nodes" Static pointers to children authoritative of morespecific (leafs are MS)!! ETR" Registers to statically! configured MS!! ETR /24 20!
21 LISP-DDT Map Retrieval (cold start)" MS /24 DDT Node 10.6/16 DDT Node 10/8 DDT Root 0/0 MR 1.ITR sends Map-Request to its configured MR " 2.MR sends Map-Request to configured Root Server" 3.Root Server sends back Map- Referral to configured DDT Node authoritative on more specific" 4.Repeat 2 and 3 until MS reached" 5.MR sends Map-Request to MS" 6.MS forwards Map-Request to authoritative ETR" 7.ETR sends Map-Reply with requested mapping to ITR" ETR /24 ITR 21!
22 LISP-DDT Map Retrieval (regular case)" DDT Node 10/8 DDT Root 0/0 1.ITR sends Map-Request to its configured MR " 2.MR sends Map-Request to cached MS" 3.MS forwards Map-Request to authoritative ETR" DDT Node 10.6/16 4.ETR sends Map-Reply with requested mapping to ITR" MR MS /24 ETR /24 ITR 22!
23 LISP-DDT Map Retrieval with Proxy Reply (cold start)" MS /24 DDT Node 10.6/16 DDT Node 10/8 DDT Root 0/0 MR 1.ITR sends Map-Request to its configured MR " 2.MR sends Map-Request to configured Root Server" 3.Root Server sends back Map- Referral to configured DDT Node authoritative on more specific" 4.Repeat 2 and 3 until MS reached" 5.MR sends Map-Request to authoritative MS" 6.MS sends back Map-Reply with requested mapping to MR" 7.MR sends Map-Reply with requested mapping to ITR" ETR /24 ITR 23!
24 LISP-DDT Map Retrieval with Proxy Reply (regular case) start)" DDT Node 10.6/16 DDT Node 10/8 DDT Root 0/0 1.ITR sends Map-Request to its configured MR " 2.MR sends Map-Request to cache MS" 3.MS sends back Map-Reply with requested mapping to MR" 4.MR sends Map-Reply with requested mapping to ITR" MR MS /24 ETR /24 ITR 24!
25 LISP DDT Topology (early 2013)" 25!
26 LISP-DDT Reliability" 26!
27 LISP-DDT RTT" 27!
28 The Big Picture...! Does LISP finally solve (all of) the issues previously mentioned???" 28!
29 What the Internet looks like with LISP" ND x Cache MAP Server ND x Cache Cache Mappings Cache Cache MAP Server Mapping Distribution Sytem's Node Simulations Synthetic topologies generated with GHITTLE Hierarchical with business relationship ASes Gain: 1 order of magnitude Number of FIB entries (logscale) This work has been carried out in collaboration with Prof. B. UMons 29!
30 What the Internet looks like with LISP"? ND x Cache MAP Server ND x Cache Cache Mappings Cache Cache MAP Server Mapping Distribution Sytem's Node Less than 20% of Today s (roughly ~ entries) 30!
31 Large Scale LISP Emulation" iplane Prefix Database PCAP Traces Preprocessing pcap2lisp LISP Traces LISP Database LISP Cache LISP Emulation! Based on PCAP Traces (> DSL customers)! Used Granularity for mappings! J. Kim, L. Iannone, and A. Feldmann, A Deep Dive into the LISP Cache and What ISPs Should Know about It, in the 10th IFIP International Conference on Networking (Networking 11), May !
32 Cache Entries Evolution for Vanilla LISP" 24h Cache Size Evolution Mail MS DS DNS emule BitTorrent NTP BitTorrent HTTPS Web Mail Cache Miss Classification Cache Entries Lifetime 32!
33 What the Internet looks like with LISP" Depends on Cache Management policy (but we can easily go for less than entries) ND x Cache MAP Server ND x Cache Cache Mappings Cache Cache MAP Server Mapping Distribution Sytem's Node Less than 20% of Today s (roughly ~ entries) Currently lisp4.net has a DFZ potential reduction of 93.8%! 33!
34 LISP main benefits" - FIB (Forwarding Information Base) shrunk since stub AS do not inject anything in the DFZ (Default Free Zone)! - PI Addresses! Just a matter of changing RLOCs! - Multi-Homing! Just a list of RLOCs! - Traffic Engineering! Just a matter of giving priorities to RLOCs! - Churn! Flapping Edge AS are not anymore in the DFZ! - Additional Benefits! Path Diversity! 34!
35 But there is much more" - Mobility in Wireless Mesh Networks! - Smartphones seamless connectivity! - WiFi Offloading! - MaaS: Mobility as a Service! - Cloud Networking! VM migration! Load Balancing! VPN! Content Distribution! - Real-Time Traffic Optimization! -... and more to come...! 35!
36 Thank You!" - datatracker.ietf.org/wg/lisp/! Coming soon...! Luigi Iannone! Telecom ParisTech! 36!
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