SIMIT 7. Gateways. User Manual

Transcription

1 SIMIT 7 Gateways User Manual

2 Edition January 2013 Siemens offers simulation software to plan, simulate and optimize plants and machines. The simulation- and optimizationresults are only non-binding suggestions for the user. The quality of the simulation and optimizing results depend on the correctness and the completeness of the input data. Therefore, the input data and the results have to be validated by the user. Trademarks SIMIT is a registered trademark of Siemens AG in Germany and in other countries. Other names used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third-parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owners. Copyright Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages.all rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration or a utility model or design, are reserved. Siemens AG Industry Sector Industry Automation Division Process Automation SIMIT-HB-V7GW en Exclusion of liability We have checked that the contents of this document correspond to the hardware and software described. However, deviations cannot be entirely excluded, and we do not guarantee complete conformance. The information contained in this document is, however, reviewed regularly and any necessary changes will be included in the next edition. We welcome suggestions for improvement. Siemens AG 2013 Subject to change without prior notice.

3 Contents 1 PREFACE Target group Contents Symbols 1 2 INTRODUCTION Gateways with SIMATIC Gateways with SIMATIC PLCs Gateway with PLCSIM 5 3 THE GATEWAY CONCEPT Gateways in the SIMIT architecture The gateway configurator Exchanging signals via gateways 7 4 CONFIGURING AND USING GATEWAYS Creating gateways Editing gateways Deactivating gateways Gateway signals Meaning of the gateways name Sorting of signals in the gateway editor Addressing peripheral signals Fixing signals in the gateway editor Using peripheral signals Peripheral signals on diagrams Peripheral signals for animations Peripheral signals in controls on diagrams Peripheral signals in charts Multiple use of peripheral connectors Importing and exporting signals The symbol table The signal table 23 5 GATEWAYS FOR SIMATIC 25 Process Automation Page I

4 5.1 Data types of signals Importing PLC variable lists Scaling analog signals Copying and pasting scaling Transfer of floating point values (Float) Symbolic addressing Accessing data blocks and memory addresses ReadMemory reading a memory address area WriteMemory writing to a memory address area ReadDatablock reading a data block WriteDatablock writing to a data block 32 Process Automation Page II

5 List of Figures Figure 2-1: Gateway from SIMIT to an automation system Figure 2-2: PLC with a field bus Figure 2-3: Interfacing SIMIT to a PLC via field bus Figure 3-1: Architecture of SIMIT Figure 3-2: Timeline for the exchange of gateway signals Figure 4-1: Creating a gateway Figure 4-2: Gateway in the project Figure 4-3: Context menu for editing a gateway Figure 4-4: Example of a gateway editor Figure 4-5: Deactivating a gateway Figure 4-6: Designation of input and output signals Figure 4-7: Signal name consisting of source and name Figure 4-8: Sorting of signals in the gateway editor Figure 4-9: Filtering signals in the gateway editor Figure 4-10: Controls with fixing in the gateway Figure 4-11: Fixable peripheral signals in the gateway Figure 4-12: Schematic showing toggle switch with fixing Figure 4-13: Task card Signals with filters Figure 4-14: Using peripheral connectors from the configurator Figure 4-15: Connecting a peripheral connector Figure 4-16: Peripheral connector on a diagram Figure 4-17: Gateway name and signal name in a peripheral connector Figure 4-18: Peripheral signals in the animation Figure 4-19: Peripheral signals in an operating diagram Figure 4-20: Peripheral signals in controls Figure 4-21: Peripheral signals in charts Figure 4-22: Exporting the symbol table from SIMATIC Manager Figure 5-1: Scaling in the property window of a signal Figure 5-2: Unipolar and bipolar scaling/rescaling system Figure 5-3: Copying a cell Figure 5-4: Pasting to a cell Figure 5-5: Configuration of peripheral signals with symbolic names Figure 5-6: Link with the gateway Process Automation Page III

6 List of Tables Table 4-1: Data formats for importing and exporting signal tables Table 4-2: Format of the signal table Table 5-1: Conversion of SIMATIC data types into signal data types Table 5-2: Comparison of data types Table 5-3: Scaling/rescaling supported by SIMIT Process Automation Page IV

7 Preface 1 PREFACE 1.1 Target group This manual is intended for anyone who uses the SIMIT simulation system. It describes the ways of connecting SIMIT to an automation system or to other applications. It is not intended as a reference manual. It provides assistance for the use and handling of gateways. In addition, it contains descriptions and explanations that enable the fundamental concepts to be understood. For a detailed description of individual SIMIT gateways please see their respective manuals. In addition to thorough knowledge of the use of personal computers and the Windows user interface, it assumes knowledge of the basic SIMIT system. To understand the gateways to SIMATIC PLCs that are described in this manual, it is helpful to have a basic knowledge of the function and various configurations of SIMATIC PLCs. 1.2 Contents The introductory chapter 2 describes how gateways are to be understood in SIMIT in special consideration of SIMATIC gateways. The general SIMIT gateway concept is explained in chapter 3. This chapter is essential reading if you are to understand chapters 4 and 5. It is therefore recommended that you read it carefully. Chapter 4 describes how gateways are configured and used in SIMIT. As in principle the configuration for all gateways is the same, and the signals from a gateway are used in the same way throughout SIMIT, this chapter describes the common features of all gateways. The gateways for PROFIBUS DP, PROFINET IO, PLCSIM and PRODAVE and their common features as gateways to SIMATIC PLCs are described in chapter 5. We recommend that this chapter is read in conjunction with the detailed description of the gateways in the manuals of the respective gateway. 1.3 Symbols Particularly important information is highlighted in the text as follows: NOTE Notes contain important supplementary information about the documentation contents. They also highlight those properties of the system or operator input to which we want to draw particular attention. CAUTION This means that the system will not respond as described if the specified precautionary measures are not applied. Process Automation Page 1

8 Preface STOP WARNING This means that the system may suffer irreparable damage or that data may be lost if the relevant precautionary measures are not applied. Process Automation Page 2

9 Introduction 2 INTRODUCTION SIMIT is a simulator for testing user programs in an automation application. The main use of SIMIT is in the testing of SIMATIC S7 programs. We differentiate between two approaches: The STEP 7 program is loaded into the real automation system, for example a SIMATIC S7-400, or the STEP 7 program is loaded into PLCSIM, i.e. an automation system emulator. In both cases, effective testing of the STEP 7 program is only possible if there are appropriate reactions to the control commands issued by the STEP 7 program; in the real world these reactions come from the peripherals connected to the automation system. For this reason it is necessary to establish a dynamic exchange of signals between SIMIT and the PLC, or between SIMIT and PLCSIM. In SIMIT, this exchange of signals is realised with the aid of gateways. The signals from the connected PLCs - analog and binary input and output signals - are linked into the simulation by means of gateways (Figure 2-1). Figure 2-1: Gateway from SIMIT to an automation system 2.1 Gateways with SIMATIC Gateways to the SIMATIC automation system are an important aspect of SIMIT. SIMIT provides gateways to a SIMATIC PLC, for example to a S7-400, via a PROFIBUS DP, PROFINET IO or PRODAVE, as well as a gateway to PLCSIM. The effort needed to configure these gateways is minimal, as the necessary data can be extracted from the SIMATIC projects. Process Automation Page 3

10 Introduction Gateways with SIMATIC PLCs A SIMATIC PLC with a field bus (Figure 2-2) can be linked to SIMIT very easily using PROFIBUS DP or PROFINET IO. In SIMIT, special interface hardware are used for this purpose. These interfaces emulate the field devices configured on PROFIBUS DP or PROFINET IO. In the simplest configuration, such a device is connected with the Profibus DP master or Profinet IO controller of the PLC. The PLC then communicates with this device, and therefore with SIMIT, in the same way as with the field devices in the real plant. The interface between SIMIT and the SIMATIC PLC is, so to speak, the fieldbus cable (Figure 2-3). Figure 2-2: PLC with a field bus Figure 2-3: Interfacing SIMIT to a PLC via field bus Process Automation Page 4

11 Introduction An alternative to connecting SIMIT to a SIMATIC PLC via field bus is to connect it via the PRODAVE interface. In this case, the physical connection between the PLC and the SIMIT PC is made either via the serial interface, USB, an MPI interface card, or ethernet. As a consequence of using the PRODAVE interface, this gateway lacks the high performance the field bus gateway provides. For a detailed description please see the individual gatways manual Gateway with PLCSIM The SIMIT PLCSIM gateway facilitates the dynamic exchange of data between PLCSIM and SIMIT. A prerequisite for this is that PLCSIM and SIMIT are installed on the same PC. This gateway is explained in detail in the respective manual. Process Automation Page 5

12 The gateway concept 3 THE GATEWAY CONCEPT Gateways are an essential part of SIMIT. They form the interface with SIMIT across which the I/O signals are exchanged with the automation system. A gateway coordinates the exchange of signals between the simulation and the automation system, and therefore contains binary and analog input and output signals as its essential elements. Each gateway has a specific configurator for creating and editing the gateway. In general, not only automation systems, but other applications as well can be connected to SIMIT via gateways. 3.1 Gateways in the SIMIT architecture The core of every simulation system consists of a modelling system and a control system. The simulation model is created with the modelling system. The control system enables the controlled use of this model, i.e. running a simulation with this model. As a special feature, SIMIT must be able to connect to other systems. Gateways are therefore an essential element of SIMIT (Figure 3-1). Figure 3-1: Architecture of SIMIT A gateway forms the connection between the simulation, i.e. a simulation model implemented on the control system, and the automation system. It therefore has two interfaces: The interface to the simulation model This interface is the same for all gateways. This ensures that the simulation model is independent of the type of gateway used. Gateways can therefore be interchanged within the simulation model without having to be modified. Process Automation Page 6

13 The gateway concept The interface to the automation system This interface must be adapted for each gateway on the system that is to be connected. It is therefore different for each gateway. 3.2 The gateway configurator As the link between the simulation model and the automation system, the gateway has the task of establishing the exchange of signals. The gateway must therefore contain the following information: What information is required to establish the connection? Which signals are to be exchanged? How can the signals be accessed? For each gateway, this information is entered with the aid of a configurator. 3.3 Exchanging signals via gateways The calculation of the simulation model and the exchange of signals are not synchronised with each other. The calculation of the model and the exchange of signals in the gateway are triggered cyclically by the control system. The cycle time for the model calculation is specified in the components or in the project properties. The cycle time for the exchange of signals is specified in the gateway properties (gateway configurator). Delays in the exchange of signals in a gateway therefore have no effect on on the model calculation but on the other gateways that are assigned the same cycle. To keep delays in the exchange of signals as small as possible, the time at which the gateway is triggered is generally shifted by half the set simulation cycle relative to the time at which the simulation model is triggered. NOTE It is advisable to set the same values for the cycle time of the gateway (gateway cycle) and the cycle time of the calculation of the simulation model (simulation cycle). Provided that the time necessary to perform a model calculation is no more than half the model calculation time, the procedure illustrated in Figure 3-2 results. Process Automation Page 7

14 The gateway concept Figure 3-2: Timeline for the exchange of gateway signals In this example, both the automation system and the calculation of the model have a cycle time of 100 ms. As the automation system and the simulation are not synchronised, their timing is usually shifted with respect to each other. By way of explanation, assume that at time 1 the automation system has completed its calculation cycle and that the signals are available on the automation system output. In the next gateway cycle at time 2, the automation system outputs are stored in the gateway memory of SIMIT and can be used in the model calculation. The model calculation is then triggered at time 3. At the end of the model calculation cycle (time 4), the calculated input values are available to the automation system in the gateway memory. With the next clock pulse of the gateway (time 5), these input signals are transferred to the automation system. If the automation system only evaluates the inputs at the start of a cycle, the transferred input signals are only used in the control program at time 6. The reaction of the simulation therefore only kicks in two control cycles later. Process Automation Page 8

15 Configuring and using gateways 4 CONFIGURING AND USING GATEWAYS This chapter describes the common features of all gateways. It explains how gateways are created and edited, and how the I/O signals provided by the gateway can be processed. 4.1 Creating gateways You can use one or more gateways in your SIMIT project. For this, either create the desired gateway via a double click on New Gateway in the project navigation. Then select the desired gatway in the dialog as shown in Figure 4-1. As name for the gateway you may choose the deafult name or enter a name as desired. Figure 4-1: Creating a gateway In the project tree you will then see the newly created gateway with the gateway symbol ( ) and its name (Figure 4-2). Figure 4-2: Gateway in the project 4.2 Editing gateways You can open the gateway for editing via its context menu (Figure 4-3) or by double clicking it in the project navigation. Process Automation Page 9

16 Configuring and using gateways Figure 4-3: Context menu for editing a gateway The gateway editor for editing the gateway then appears. This editor looks somewhat different for each type of gateway, although in principle it always has the structure shown in Figure 4-4. Figure 4-4: Example of a gateway editor Each gateway provides a defined set of signals that are exchanged between SIMIT and the connected PLC (see section 4.4). In the gateway editor these gateway signals are separated in lists of input and output signals. In the property window the properties of the gateway and signals can be edited. For each gateway the cycle time is set in the property window (see section 3.3 for more information Process Automation Page 10

17 Configuring and using gateways about the cycle time). All other properties depend on the type of the gateway. A detailed description of a gateway s properties can be found in the respective manual. 4.3 Deactivating gateways If, for example, you have configured a Profibus DP gateway in your simulation project but wish to start the simulation without the gateway, you can simply set the hardware channel in the gateways properties to unassigned mode (see Figure 4-5). Figure 4-5: Deactivating a gateway The gateway is not activated when the simulation is next started, which means that no signals are exchanged and all values for the signals contained in this gateway are set to zero. 4.4 Gateway signals Each gateway in SIMIT defines signals that can be linked to components in the simulation. As the terms "Input" and "Output" have specific meanings for a controller, the data direction in the gateway, i.e. whether a signal is defined as an input or output signal, is seen from the point of view of the connected controller in SIMIT. For SIMIT, the following therefore applies (see Figure 4-6): An input signal is a signal that is calculated or produced by the simulation and read by the controller. An output signal is a signal that is output by the controller and used as an input by the simulation. Process Automation Page 11

18 Configuring and using gateways Figure 4-6: Designation of input and output signals All the signals contained in a gateway are listed in the gateway editor (Figure 4-4). The symbol name or the absolute address is used to access a signal from the gateway, irrespective of whether the signal is used in a diagram, an animation, a control or a chart Meaning of the gateways name A signal full name in SIMIT always consists of both source and name (Figure 4-7). For any gateway signal the name of the gateway itself defines the source of any signal contained in this gateway. The symbolic name or the absolute address of the signal defines the name of the signal. Figure 4-7: Signal name consisting of source and name This guarantees that throughout the entiry SIMIT project signal names remain unique, even if different gateways use identical symbolic names or absolute addresses. NOTE In order to avoid naming conflicts gateways in SIMIT need to be assigned different names. If for example you need to connect to several Profibus DP masters, add one gateway for each Profibus DP master system and assign meaningful gateway names. This leads to gateway signals that can easily be associated with the gateway they actually belong to Sorting of signals in the gateway editor To find signals in the signal list more easily, you can sort the signals according to various criteria. This is done by clicking on the heading of the column that you want to sort. An arrow appears in the column heading (Figure 4-8). Every further click on the column header toggles between ascending and descending order. The arrow changes direction according to the selected sorting order: ascending order, descending order. Process Automation Page 12

19 Configuring and using gateways Figure 4-8: Sorting of signals in the gateway editor If you wish to reduce the number of visible signals, you may apply a filter to any of the signals properties, i.e. set a filter in any column within the gateways signal table. Only signals matching all filter criteria will then be shown. You may define a filter criterion either using a choice box or entering text. Figure 4-9 shows a filter applied to the signals addresses. Only those signals will be displayed that contain the provided text within their address. Figure 4-9: Filtering signals in the gateway editor Addressing peripheral signals In a SIMATIC PLC, different mechanisms are used to access the process image (I/O) and the peripheral addresses (PI/PQ). For SIMIT itself, this difference is not relevant. To use SIMATIC gateways in SIMIT, you can either use QW or PQW, or IW or PIW in the address of the I/O signal. Signals are exchanged as follows, depending on the type of gateway: In the case of the Profibus DP gateway, SIMIT exchanges signals with the PLC, as in the real plant, as peripheral signals of the field devices. For the PLC this is not different to the exchange of data with real peripherals. In the SIMATIC PLC, the peripherals or the process image can be accessed using the relevant mechanisms. In the case of the PRODAVE gateway, SIMIT only exchanges I/O signals with the process image of the PLC. Access in the SIMATIC PLC to peripheral addresses will therefore result in access errors. Process Automation Page 13

20 Configuring and using gateways For the PLCSIM gateway, the mechanisms can be regarded as comparable to the Profibus DP gateway: SIMIT communicates with PLCSIM on the basis of the peripheral signals. The access mechanisms of the PLC are coordinated by PLCSIM Fixing signals in the gateway editor With SIMIT, you can set gateway signals and display the signal values without any additional configuration work. You only have to perform three elementary steps: create a gateway (see 4.1), configure the gateway and start the simulation. For each signal in the gateway, both of the automatically generated controls with fixing 1 are used for this purpose ( Figure 4-10). "Toggle switch with fixing" for binary values "Digital input with fixing" for analog and integer values Figure 4-10: Controls with fixing in the gateway For each gateway signal, the controls with fixing are available in the first column of each tab (Figure 4-11) after starting the simulation: toggle switch with fixing for the binary I/O signals, digital inputs with fixing for the analogand integer I/O signals. Figure 4-11: Fixable peripheral signals in the gateway 1 With SIMATIC, the fixing of a particular signal condition is called "forcing". Fixing in SIMIT is a comparable function, but it only has an effect within the simulation model and does not cause "forcing" in the SIMATIC. Therefore a different term was deliberately chosen for this function. Process Automation Page 14

21 Configuring and using gateways The toggle switch with fixing binary values combines three functions: Switching between the actual value and the fixed value, i.e. fixing ( ), toggling the fixed value between zero and one ( ) and displaying the effective value on the output ( or ). The switch is, so to speak, the "fixing switch". How the input element is displayed in the running simulation tells you whether or not the corresponding gateway signal was used in the simulation model. Signals that are not used in the simulation model are displayed with an inactive fixing switch ( ). Signals that are used in the simulation model, for example the signals I33.5 and I33.6 in Figure 4-11, are displayed with a fixing switch: or. If the fixing switch is activated, the toggle switch or appears instead of the binary display. The signal value can now be changed manually. The function of the toggle switch with fixing is shown in Figure Figure Figure 4-12: Schematic showing toggle switch with fixing Basically, fixing is a changeover, which either transfers the actual value in the gateway, or changes it to a value that is input manually. It is possible to preset both input and output signals, i.e. all peripheral signals. To resume the description of the function, let us assume that you have configured two signals in the gateway and have used them as follows in a diagram: In the gateway you can see which value the automation system outputs for the signal Q0.0. Process Automation Page 15

22 Configuring and using gateways Value output by the automation system Q0.0 in the gateway Value used in the simulation Fixing allows you to control your simulation model so that it uses a different value from the one output by the peripheral. To do this, click on the fixing switch for the signal Q0.0. This is then shown like this:. You can now use the toggle switch to enter the value to be used in your simulation model as follows: Value output by the automation system Q0.0 in the gateway Value used in the simulation 0 or or 1 0 The same applies to the input signals. For an input signal I0.0 you can first of all see what value the simulation model outputs to the automation system: Value calculated in the simulation model I0.0 in the gateway Value output to the automation system Fixing allows you to specify the value that is output to the automation system, regardless of the value calculated in the simulation model. As before, use the fixing switch and specify the value using the toggle switch: Value calculated in the simulation model I0.0 in the gateway Value output to the automation system 0 or or 1 0 This procedure applies in the same way to analog and integer signals. However, in contrast to the binary values, the values are entered using a digital input, and a digital display is used instead of a binary display. 4.5 Using peripheral signals Once a gateway has been created and configured, the resulting peripheral signals will be available in the SIMIT model. Peripheral signals can be used to link to the inputs and outputs of components on diagrams, Process Automation Page 16

23 Configuring and using gateways link to the animations of controls in diagrams, or to display and set the signal values in charts or in the gateway Peripheral signals on diagrams You can use peripheral signals on diagrams, and therefore include them in the simulation model. The simplest method of inserting peripheral signals into diagrams is by means of the task card Signals. Open the diagram for editing and select the task card Signals. If you wish to see gateway signals only, just filter the signals Origin to Gateway within the taskcard Signals (Figure 4-13). Figure 4-13: Task card Signals with filters Select a signal in the task card and drag and drop this signal onto the diagram. Multiple selections are also possible. As is normal with Windows applications, select a contiguous block of signals using the Shift key, or use the Ctrl key if individual signals are required, and then drag the selected signals onto the diagram. If you do it this way controls are created for being able to set the selected signals. If you want peripheral connectors instead of controls you have to press the shift key when dragging and dropping the signals. This procedure then creates peripheral connectors with the correct signal names (Figure 4-14). Process Automation Page 17

24 Configuring and using gateways Figure 4-14: Using peripheral connectors from the configurator As shown in Figure 4-15 you can now link the peripheral connector to the connection of another model component as usual. Figure 4-15: Connecting a peripheral connector You can also use a peripheral connector from the library (task card Components). However, you must then enter the gateway and signal name manually (Figure 4-16). Figure 4-16: Peripheral connector on a diagram Process Automation Page 18

25 Configuring and using gateways To enter the signal name, simply click on the peripheral connector to select it and enter the name of the gateway and the signal s name in the property window (Figure 4-17). Figure 4-17: Gateway name and signal name in a peripheral connector CAUTION Please note that the name of the peripheral connector must be written exactly as it is listed in the configurator. In particular, you must pay attention to upper/lower case and remember that address names such as I0.0 must not contain any spaces! Peripheral signals for animations You can use peripheral signals to animate graphic objects. To do this, simply enter the signal name into animation s property window (Figure 4-18). Figure 4-18: Peripheral signals in the animation Also in this case an option would be to drag and drop the signals from the task card Signals. Process Automation Page 19

26 Configuring and using gateways Peripheral signals in controls on diagrams The fixable controls can be copied from the gateway into the operating diagram. Simply drag and drop the peripheral signals from the task card Signals into the diagram. In addition to the control, the symbol name is copied as text element into the diagram (Figure 4-19). Figure 4-19: Peripheral signals in an operating diagram You can also use peripheral signals directly in other controls, such as a button (Figure 4-20). Figure 4-20: Peripheral signals in controls Either enter the name of the peripheral signal in the properties window of the control, or drag and drop the peripheral signal from the task card Signals into the properties window. Process Automation Page 20

27 Configuring and using gateways Peripheral signals in charts You can also use peripheral signals in charts. Just enter the signal with its source and name in the charts properties view or drag and drop it from the Signals taskcard (Figure 4-21). Figure 4-21: Peripheral signals in charts NOTE Charts are part of the additional module TME (Trend & Message Editor). For a detailed description of charts please see the TME manual. 4.6 Multiple use of peripheral connectors Peripheral input connectors with the same name can be used several times on the same diagram. This means that the following two diagrams are equivalent: On the other hand, a peripheral output connector can be used only once in the entire project. The following connection would lead to an error when the simulation project was started: Process Automation Page 21

28 Configuring and using gateways 4.7 Importing and exporting signals The signals from a gateway can be exported and imported in certain formats. The overview in Table 4-1 shows which data formats can be used. Gateway type Signal tables Import format Export format PROFIBUS DP asc, seq, txt or xlsx txt PROFINET IO asc, seq, txt or xlsx txt PLCSIM asc, seq, txt or xlsx txt PRODAVE asc, seq, txt or xlsx txt SHM asc, seq, txt or xlsx txt Table 4-1: Data formats for importing and exporting signal tables The standard format for import is the format txt. This format is the export format too. The signal table of the SIMATIC gateways (Profibus DP gateway, Profinet IO gateway, PRODAVE gateway and PLCSIM gateway) in format asc respectively seq is consistent with the SIMATIC project s symbol table (see section 4.7.1). Signal tables that are exported from gateway contain all signals with their properties such as name (symbol), address, comment etc. Details can be found in section When importing signal tables the signals are updated in the sense of adding information as follows: A signal is added only if it is a new signal. Symbols and comments are added only. A symbol or comment that is already set for a signal in the gateway is not replaced by an imported symbol or comment. Defaults arfe always updeted, i.e. defaults are always set to the imported values. The import and export functions can also be used to copy signal configurations from one gateway to another The symbol table The symbol table in a SIMATIC project can be exported in various formats using SIMATIC Manager. To use a symbol table in SIMIT, please select the asc or seq format (Figure 4-22). CAUTION Please note that in a seq-file the comment is limited to 40 characters and no data types are contained! Words will always have data type WORD after importing a seq-file, double words will always have data type DWORD. Conversions to INT or REAL need to be done manually, if required. Process Automation Page 22

29 Configuring and using gateways Figure 4-22: Exporting the symbol table from SIMATIC Manager The import of symbol tables is supported by all SIMATIC gateways. CAUTION The asc format uses fixed column widths. If you edit this file with a text editor, rather than the symbol editor, you must ensure that you do not alter the number of characters per line! The signal table The signal table for the SIMATIC gateways has the structure described in Table 4-2. When a signal table is stored in a txt-file, the tabulator will be used as separator. Process Automation Page 23

30 Configuring and using gateways Column Name Description 1 Symbol Symbolic name of the signal 2 I/O Labelled E, A, EB, AB, EW, AW, ED, AD or in corresponding international nomenclature (I/Q) 3 Address Absolute address of the signal, e.g. 0.0 or Type Signal data type: BOOL, BYTE, WORD or DWORD 5 Comment Text as comment 6 Lower limit Lower or upper limit of analog signals: measuring range 7 Upper limit limits for input signals, limit values for output signals 8 Scaling Type number of the scaling (see Table 5-3) 9 Unit Unit of the signal, e.g. physical unit for measured values 10 Default Signal s default value 11 Cycle 2 Cycle multiplier n: the signal is only updated each n-th cycle. Table 4-2: Format of the signal table CAUTION If you edit a signal table in Excel, ensure that all columns are in text format so that Excel does not make any unintended format conversions. NOTE You can open a signal table in EXCEL via the signal table s context menue in the Explorer. 2 The cycle is only relevant for the OPC gateway signals. Process Automation Page 24

31 Gateways for SIMATIC 5 GATEWAYS FOR SIMATIC The gateways for SIMATIC, i.e. the Profibus DP gateway, the Profinet IO gateway, the PRODAVE gateway and the PLCSIM gateway have several common features, which will be described in this chapter. 5.1 Data types of signals SIMATIC gateway s signals have SIMATIC specific data types BOOL, BYTE, WORD, INT, DWORD, DINT or REAL according to its access to data in the automation system. If a gateway signal is used as peripheral signal it has a data type that is either binary, integer or analog. The conversion of the SIMATIC data types into the data types of peripheral signals is listet in Table 5-1. SIMATIC BOOL BYTE WORD INT DWORD DINT REAL Table 5-1: Peripheral signal Binary Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Analog Conversion of SIMATIC data types into signal data types If a signal of data type WORD is scaled it is converted into a signal of data type analog rather than of data type integer (see section 5.2) Importing PLC variable lists You may import PLC variable lists (symbol tables) from the TIA portal. TIA portal exports these lists in EXCEL format (*.xlsx). From this list, only I/O signals with data types as listed in Table 5-2 are taken: TIA-Portal Step 7 SIMIT Bool BOOL binary Byte BYTE integer Word WORD integer Int INT integer DWord DWOR integer DInt DINT integer Real REAL analog Table 5-2: Comparison of data types Process Automation Page 25

32 Gateways for SIMATIC 5.2 Scaling analog signals In SIMATIC systems, like other automation systems, the analog signal values are transferred in a fixed decimal point format, i.e. in a fixed integer format. The value range depends on the resolution of the A/D converter and for the SIMATIC S7 lies between and By contrast, in the simulation, analog values are treated as floating point numbers. In particular, the absolute values of physical variables, such as pressures, temperatures, etc., are usually used in simulations. As input values for the connected automation systems, these values must not only be converted into fixed decimal point format, they must also be mapped onto the range of values for the corresponding measurement ranges. The analog values must therefore be scaled when they are sent from SIMIT to SIMATIC, and rescaled when sent in the opposite direction. The scaling of input signals and the rescaling of output signals is therefore a way of adapting the simulation to the characteristics of the automation system. Scaling and rescaling are therefore performed at the interface between the simulation model and the automation system in the gateways. The scaling/rescaling values are entered in the property window of a signal (Figure 5-1). Alternatively, the scaling/rescaling values can be entered in the signal tables (Table 4-2). Figure 5-1: Scaling in the property window of a signal As all analog modules in the SIMATIC range use a resolution of two bytes, which are transferred as a word, scaling and rescaling in SIMIT is only available for analog values of data type WORD. An example of the system used to scale unipolar and bipolar measurements is shown in Figure 5-2. Unipolar measurements only provide positive raw values (0 to 27648) Bipolar measurements provide both positive and negative raw values ( to ). Process Automation Page 26

33 Gateways for SIMATIC Unipolar scaling/rescaling Bipolar scaling/rescaling Figure 5-2: Unipolar and bipolar scaling/rescaling system Table 5-3 shows the scaling/rescaling types that are supported by SIMIT. Scaling types 3 to 17 for the scaling of temperature measurements can only be used for input signals. Unipolar and bipolar scaling (types 1 and 2) can also be used to rescale output signals. Although for both these types the Start and End of the range is preset with 0 or -100 and 100 respectively, they can be adapted to the measurement or adjustment range by entering the appropriate values. For temperature measurement signals in a gateway, the limits of the measuring range are displayed only and cannot be changed. Process Automation Page 27

34 Gateways for SIMATIC Scaling type Measuring range Raw values Number Name Start End Min Max 0 No scaling 1 Unipolar Bipolar PT x00 standard -200 C 850 C PT x00 climate -120 C 130 C Ni x00 standard -60 C 250 C Ni x00 climate -60 C 250 C Cu 10 standard -200 C 260 C Cu 10 climate -50 C 150 C Type B thermocouple 0 C 1820 C Type E thermocouple -270 C 1000 C Type J thermocouple -210 C 1200 C Type K thermocouple -270 C 1372 C Type L thermocouple -200 C 900 C Type N thermocouple -270 C 1300 C Type R, S thermocouple -50 C 1769 C Type T thermocouple -270 C 400 C Type U thermocouple -200 C 600 C Table 5-3: Scaling/rescaling supported by SIMIT Copying and pasting scaling You can copy scaling values from one signal to another or also to a selection of signals with little effort. Just select the cell to be copied and choose Copy cell from the context menu (Figure 5-3). Figure 5-3: Copying a cell You may then select one or more target signals and choose Paste to Cell from the selections context menu (Figure 5-4). Process Automation Page 28

35 Gateways for SIMATIC Figure 5-4: Pasting to a cell You may use this procedure to transfer the type of scaling as well as lower and upper value. You need to transfer this information columnwise, however. You can only paste into cells that are editable. If e.g. lower and upper value are not editable, since there is no scaling defined, you first need to set the scaling type or paste it from an existing signal. Only then you can transfer the corresponding values. 5.3 Transfer of floating point values (Float) Some peripheral devices - including those in the Profibus PA range - transfer their measurement values directly to the automation system as physical values in floating point format with a data width of 4 bytes (double word). In order to handle these floating point values correctly, the corresponding signals have to be assigned the data type REAL in the gateway editor. 5.4 Symbolic addressing In SIMATIC gateways, each peripheral signal can be given a symbolic name (Figure 5-5). Figure 5-5: Configuration of peripheral signals with symbolic names If a signal is assigned a symbolic name it can be accessed only by using this symbol name. If no symbol name is assigned the signal is accessed by its address. 5.5 Accessing data blocks and memory addresses The PLCSIM and PRODAVE gateway enable access to the memory address and data block areas. This access is not carried out by a cyclic communication between the controller and signals that are listet in the gateway editor, but via components which read or write a Process Automation Page 29

36 Gateways for SIMATIC specified address area of the controller on a trigger signal. The required component types can be found in the basic library in the directory COMMUNICATION SIMATIC. The components must be provided with a Unit connector at their Gateway input as shown in Figure 5-6. You link the components with the relevant gateway simply by entering in the properties window of the unit connector the name of the PLCSIM or PRODAVE gateway that you want to access using this component. Entering the address in the unit connector is of no significance in this case. Figure 5-6: Link with the gateway To use this access method for a gateway, you must have already saved the gateway. Open the gateway in the editor and define, for example, an input or output signal and then save the gateway ReadMemory reading a memory address area Symbol Function The ReadMemory component type enables one or more successive bytes from the memory address area of a controller to be read. Enter the address of the first byte to be read on the input MB. The read operation is executed when a rising edge occurs on the Trigger input, i.e. a change from False to True. The number N of outputs can be varied by "dragging" the component onto a diagram. You can specify a maximum of 32 outputs, i.e. you can read a maximum of 32 bytes with a component of this type. The bytes that are read are output on Y1 to YN. Exactly one read operation is started while the simulation is being initialised. Thus, after initialisation, initial values from the memory address area are available, even though no trigger signals have been sent. Process Automation Page 30

37 Gateways for SIMATIC WriteMemory writing to a memory address area Symbol Function The WriteMemory component type allows you to write to one or more successive bytes in the memory address area of a controller. Enter the address of the first byte to be written to on the input MB. The write operation is executed when a rising edge occurs on the Trigger input, i.e. a change from False to True. The number N of inputs can be varied by "dragging" the component onto a diagram. You can specify a maximum of 32 inputs, i.e. you can write to a maximum of 32 bytes in the memory address area with a component of this type. The bytes to be written should be made available on inputs X1 to XN. Exactly one write operation is started while the simulation is being initialised. Initial values can therefore be written to the memory address area during the initialisation process, even though no trigger signals have been sent ReadDatablock reading a data block Symbol Function The ReadDatablock component enables one or more successive bytes from a data block of a controller to be read. Enter the data block number on the DB input and the address of the first byte to be read on the DBB input. The read operation is executed when a rising edge occurs on the Trigger input, i.e. a change from False to True. The number N of outputs can be varied by "dragging" the component onto a diagram. You can specify a maximum of 32 outputs, i.e. you can read a maximum of 32 bytes with a component of this type. The bytes that are read are output on Y1 to YN. Exactly one read operation is started while the simulation is being initialised. Thus, after initialisation, initial values from the data block are available, even though no trigger signals have been sent. Process Automation Page 31

38 Gateways for SIMATIC WriteDatablock writing to a data block Symbol Function The WriteDatablock component allows you to write to one or more successive bytes in the data block of a controller. Enter the data block number on the DB input and the address of the first byte to be written on the DBB input. The write operation is executed when a rising edge occurs on the Trigger input, i.e. a change from False to True. The number N of inputs can be varied by "dragging" the component onto a diagram. You can specify a maximum of 32 inputs, i.e. you can write to a maximum of 32 bytes in the data block with a component of this type. The bytes to be written should be made available on inputs X1 to XN. Exactly one write operation is started while the simulation is being initialised. Initial values can therefore be written to the data block during the initialisation process, even though no trigger signals have been sent. Process Automation Page 32