Simulating Well-Known Protocols

Transcription

1 Using Qualnet Part I ulating Well-Known Protocols Why Qualnet? Rapid prototyping of protocols Comparative performance evaluation of alternative protocols at each layer Built-in measurements on each layer Modular layered stack design Standard API for composition of protocols across different layers Scalability via support for parallel execution GUI Tools for system/protocol modeling 2

2 Qualnet Layer Model Application Transport IP MAC Wired Radio Physical Channel Routing FTP Telnet CBR TCP UDP OSPF AODV CSMA Radio Bus Point to Point Free space Two-ray 3 Installing Qualnet Obtain the current Qualnet package from buckwheat.cis cd cd <working_dir> gunzip c c/m/buckwheat/qualnet/3.5/qualnet-3.5.tgz \ tar tar xf xf - Obtain the license file cd cd qualnet/3.5 cp cp /m/buckwheat/qualnet/client.lic license_dir 4

3 Installing Qualnet (cont d) Build an executable cd cd main main cp cp Makefile-solaris Makefile make make Set QUALNET_HOME environment variable setenv QUALNET_HOME <working_dir>/qualnet/3.5 csh/tcsh QUALNET_HOME<working_dir>/qualnet/3.5 export QUALNET_HOME sh/bash Test Qualnet s installation cd cd../bin./qualnet default.config 5 Running Qualnet Default configuration file./qualnet./qualnet default.config default.config QUALNET_HOME QUALNET_HOME /usa/jaikaeo/qualnet/3.5 /usa/jaikaeo/qualnet/3.5 Attempting Attempting license license checkout checkout (should (should take take less less than than 2 2 seconds) seconds) success. success. QualNet QualNet Version Version Partition Partition Node Node 1 1 (21.35 ( )..). Initial node s coordinate (xyz) Partition Partition Node Node 2 2 ( ( )..). : : Partition Partition Node Node 3 3 ( ( )..). Initialization Initialization completed completed in in sec sec.. Completed Completed % % Completed Completed 1% 1% : : Completed Completed 99% 99% Completed1% Completed1% Executed Executed events events in in sec sec ulation Progress 6

4 Output Statistics default.stat Node Address Instance ID Protocol Statistic Value [] [] Physical Physical 82.11bSignals 82.11bSignals transmitted transmitted [] [] Physical Physical 82.11bSignals 82.11bSignals received received and and forwarded forwarded to to MAC MAC [] [] MAC MAC 82.11MAC 82.11MAC from from network network [] [] MAC MAC 82.11MACUNICAST 82.11MACUNICAST packets packets sent sent to to channel channel [] [] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Queued Queued [] [] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Dequeued Dequeued [1] [1] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Queued Queued [1] [1] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Dequeued Dequeued [2] [2] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Queued Queued [2] [2] Network Network FIFOTotal FIFOTotal Dequeued Dequeued IP Address Layer * perl and awk are very good tools for processing statistic outputs 7 Configuration Files Line entry format: [Qualifier] <PARAMETER> <VALUE> Qualifier (optional) specifies a range of nodes and has precedence over the general one E.g. MOBILITY NE DE-ADDRESS[5:1] MOBILITY RANDOM-WAYPOINT Notes: Some settings require additional parameters e.g. MOBILITY Lines starting with # are treated as comments 8

5 ulation Parameters Global Parameters: ulation time Coordinate system and terrain Random seed Topology and subnets Layer/Protocol related parameters: Channel/Radio Physical Layer MAC Layer Network Layer 9 Important Global Parameters EXPERIMENT-NAME: Name of the output statistic file e.g. EXPERIMENT-NAME default Resulting statistics are written in default.stat SIMULATION-TIME: The length of time to simulate. e.g. SIMULATION-TIME 15M (Available time units: NS US MS S M H D; default is in seconds) SEED: The random seed used to derive all other seeds used in the simulation. e.g. SEED 1 1

6 Terrain and Node Placement COORDINATE-SYSTEM: LATLONALT or CARTESIAN e.g. COORDINATE-SYSTEM CARTESIAN TERRAIN-DIMENSIONS: The size of the rectangular area to simulate (in meters) for Cartesian coordinate. e.g. TERRAIN-DIMENSIONS (1 1) DE-PLACEMENT: GRID RANDOM UNIFORM FILE GRID RANDOM UNIFORM GRID-UNIT 11 Specifying Topology SUBNET Parameter SUBNET <subnet> { comma-delimited list of nodes } Ex. SUBNET N8-1. { 3 7 thru 9 } NodeIds and 9 have network interfaces with address..1.1 through..1.5 Node ID Basic form: SUBNET N16- { 1 thru n } n is the number of nodes 1 Interface Address IP address and Node ID are identical Node 5 has IP address

7 Subnet Shorthand Format: N<# host bits>-<address with front end s omitted> Ex. N8-1. The subnet address is..1. Host IP addresses are 8 bits This allows for (254) hosts in this subnet with IP addresses numbered from..1.1 through The broadcast address for this subnet is The subnet mask is N is an equivalent representation 13 Mobility Model NE TRACE RANDOM-WAYPOINT e.g. MOBILITY RANDOM-WAYPOINT MOBILITY-WP-PAUSE 3S MOBILITY-WP-MIN-SPEED MOBILITY-WP-MAX-SPEED 1 MOBILITY-POSITION-GRANULARITY: distance in meters at which a node s location is updated small values potentially slow down the simulation Location updates when granularity 5 5m 1m (minmax) (minmax) pause Location updates when granularity 1 14

8 Approximate mobility speed Scenario Walking City driving Free way driving Aircraft Speed 5 mph 35 mph 65 mph Mach 1 Speed (m/s) 2.2 m/s 15.5 m/s 28.8 m/s 332 m/s 15 Propagation Model PROPAGATION-LIMIT: received signals with power below this limit (in dbm) will not be processed. e.g. PROPAGATION-LIMIT PROPAGATION-PATHLOSS: specifies path-loss model FREE-SPACE Empty space no ground TWO-RAY Flat ground Considers a ray bounced back from the ground h TX d ITM Irregular terrain (terrain database required) d ground h RX 16

9 Fading Model Applied to only narrowband channels (flat fading) Specified by PROPAGATION-FADING-MODEL Available models NE No fading RAYLEIGH Highly mobile no line of sight RICEAN requires an additional parameter RICEAN-K-FACTOR K : no line of sight (similar to RAYLEIGH) K : strong line of sight e.g. PROPAGATION-FADING-MODEL RAYLEIGH 17 Physical Layer Model Noise modeling Thermal noise PHY-ISE-FACTOR (default 1) PHY-TEMPERATURE (in K; default 29) Interference PHY-RX-MODEL (SNR-THRESHOLD-BASED BER-BASED) Parameters specific to 82.11b PHY82.11b-DATA-RATE (in bps) PHY82.11b-TX-POWER (in dbm) PHY82.11b-RX-SENSITIVITY (in dbm) PHY82.11b-RX-THRESHOLD (in dbm) C B A Rx threshold Rx sensitivity 18

10 MAC Layer Model MAC-PROTOCOL: specifies MAC layer protocol CSMA Requires carrier sensing before transmission If the channel is free the packet is transmitted immediately Otherwise set a random timeout MACA Uses RTS/CTS to acquire channel Does not carrier sense MAC82.11 CSMA/CA with ACKs and optional RTS/CTS TSMA MAC82.3 Wired networks PROMISCUOUS-MODE: set to YES to allow nodes to overhear packets destined to the neighboring node (required by DSR). 19 IP Protocol ly the only support network layer protocol Available queuing models First-in first-out (FIFO) Variations of Random Early Detection: RED RIO WRED Three priority types supported: control () real-time (1) and non-real-time (2) IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE specifies the queue s size (in bytes) Each priority queue's size can be specified separately IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE[] 25 IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE[1] 5 IP-QUEUE-PRIORITY-QUEUE-SIZE[2] 5 2

11 Routing Protocols Proactive protocols BELLMANFORD RIPv2 OSPFv2 OLSR Reactive protocols AODV DSR LAR1 Static routing: requires STATIC-ROUTE-FILE 21 Application Specification APP-CONFIG-FILE: Specifies a file with a list of apps/traffic generators to run. FTP TELNET CBR HTTP VoIP etc See bin/default.app for more details 22

12 Layer Statistics Some statistics include: APPLICATION-STATISTICS (YES ) TCP-STATISTICS (YES ) UDP-STATISTICS (YES ) ROUTING-STATISTICS (YES ) NETWORK-LAYER-STATISTICS (YES ) QUEUE-STATISTICS (YES ) MAC-LAYER-STATISTICS (YES ) PHY-LAYER-STATISTICS (YES ) MOBILITY-STATISTICS (YES ) 23 Quantifiers Determine the scope of the parameter Global Quantifier MOBILITY NE Subnet Quantifier [N8-2.] MAC-PROTOCOL MACA Node Quantifier [5 thru 15] MOBILITY NE 24

13 Other Configuration Files Node placement: DE-PLACEMENT-FILE See details in bin/default.nodes Mobility trace: MOBILITY-TRACE-FILE See details in bin/default.mobility Static routing: STATIC-ROUTE-FILE See details in bin/default.routes-static Multicast membership: MULTICAST-GROUP-FILE See details in bin/default.member 25 Example routing protocol comparison Comparing throughput of an FTP application over AODV and DSR reactive routing protocols Application traffic: one FTP session Routing protocols: AODV/DSR Collected statistics: application layer Configure application Create bin/compare.app containing only one line: FTP S The session starts at 15 secs. There are 1 items to be sent Node 3 is the server (receiver) Node 1 is the client (sender) 26

14 Preparing Config File for AODV AODV: copy the file default.config to aodv.config then modify aodv.config on the following parameters: EXPERIMENT-NAME EXPERIMENT-NAME aodv aodv ROUTING-PROTOCOL ROUTING-PROTOCOL AODV AODV APP-CONFIG-FILE APP-CONFIG-FILE./compare.app./compare.app APPLICATION-STATISTICS APPLICATION-STATISTICS YES YES TCP-STATISTICS TCP-STATISTICS UDP-STATISTICS UDP-STATISTICS RSVP-STATISTICS RSVP-STATISTICS ROUTING-STATISTICS ROUTING-STATISTICS ACCESS-LIST-STATISTICS ACCESS-LIST-STATISTICS IGMP-STATISTICS IGMP-STATISTICS EXTERIOR-GATEWAY-PROTOCOL-STATISTICS EXTERIOR-GATEWAY-PROTOCOL-STATISTICS NETWORK-LAYER-STATISTICS NETWORK-LAYER-STATISTICS DIFFSERV-EDGE-ROUTER-STATISTICS DIFFSERV-EDGE-ROUTER-STATISTICS QUEUE-STATISTICS QUEUE-STATISTICS MAC-LAYER-STATISTICS MAC-LAYER-STATISTICS PHY-LAYER-STATISTICS PHY-LAYER-STATISTICS MOBILITY-STATISTICS MOBILITY-STATISTICS 27 Preparing Config File for DSR DSR: Copy the modified aodv.in to dsr.config edit ROUTING- PROTOCOL parameter and enable promiscuous mode: EXPERIMENT-NAME EXPERIMENT-NAME dsr dsr ROUTING-PROTOCOL ROUTING-PROTOCOL DSR DSR PROMISCUOUS-MODE PROMISCUOUS-MODE YES YES 28

15 Collecting and Comparing Statistics Run qualnet on the two configuration files cd cd QUALNET_HOME/bin./qualnet aodv.in./qualnet dsr.in Examine output statistics: Throughput difference grep grep "ServerThroughput" "ServerThroughput" aodv.stat aodv.stat 3 3 [2] [2] Application Application FTP FTP ServerThroughput ServerThroughput (bits/s) (bits/s) grep grep "ServerThroughput" "ServerThroughput" dsr.stat dsr.stat 3 3 [2] [2] Application Application FTP FTP ServerThroughput ServerThroughput (bits/s) (bits/s) More Information Plain-text explanation for configuration files: QUALNET_HOME/bin/default.* Qualnet simulator manual /m/buckwheat/qualnet/3.1/doc/ulatormanual-3.1.pdf Qualnet community forums training_and_support/support/forums/index.php 3