Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods [10, 11]

Transcription

1 OCL JML Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods Summary. The paper presents design of a translation library from OCL (Object Constraint Language) into JML (Java Modelling Language). Several approaches have proposed automatic generation methods of Java skeleton files from UML class diagrams. Some of them are publicized as plug-ins for Eclipse. On the other hand, less papers are found for automatic generation of JML from OCL. They deal with not all of the standard OCL library. Especially, some features of collections including iterate feature are not implemented. We resolve the problem by translating the iterate feature into Java methods. This paper also provides a concrete translation algorithm. The advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: 1. it helps to develop in Model Driven Development (MDD) with formal approach; 2. it conforms to test first which is often used in agile development, because designers can generate test cases using Java skeleton files with JML using JML standard tools; and 3. it helps to verify correctness of the program using model checking tools such as ESC/Java2. 1 UML MDA OMG OCL OCL UML OMG UML [10, 11] OCL UML Java OCL JML (Java Modeling Language) [7,8] JML OCL DbC (Design by Contract) (light-weight formal approach) OCL JML UML Java [19,20] EMF Eclipse [12] OCL JML Moiseev Russo [5] OCL JML Hamie [6] OCL JML Masayuki Owashi, Kozo Okano, Shinji Kusumoto,

2 FOSE2009 Collection iterate Eclipse OCL OCL JML OCL OCL [2] OMG 1 OCL UML OCL UML Design by Constract [9] 2.2 JML JML [4, 7, 8] Java Design by Constract [9] Java Java JML Java bool JML ensure, requrire, invariat signal, pure, assignable, assert JML Java JML Java ESC/Java2 [1] ( ) ESC/Java2 ESC/Java2 Simplify [3] 2.3 UML JML Engels [19] Harrison [20] UML OCL Moiseev Russo [5] OCL JML Hamie [6] OCL JML Collection iterate [6] ( 1) Collection Java UML OCL OCL

3 Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods 1 Feature Moiseev Russo Hamie Collection - Iterate (forall etc) Iterate (collect) - Iterate (iterate) - - Structures (Set etc) Structures (tuple) - OCL Spec. but partially Message OCL JML [6] JML 3.1 OCL 1. OCL Basic Collection OCL Essential 2. ( ) ( ) Bool, Integer, Real, String, Collection, Set, OrderedSet, Sequence, Bag Java(JML) ( ) 3. OCL 4. Message message 5. OclVoid Undefined Java(JML) null OCL OCL OCL OCL JML Collection OCL (feature call) iterate OCL Collection Java Collection Framework Java 1.5 ESC/Java [6] [6] OCL JML µ

4 FOSE µ Collection loop features µ(c 1 >exists(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >iterate( a 1 ; res : Boolean = false res or a 2 )) µ(c 1 >forall(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >iterate( a 1 ; res : Boolean = true res and a 2 )) µ(c 1 >isunique(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >collect( a 1 Tuple {iter=tuple{a 1 }, value=a 2 } ) > forall(x, y (x.iter <> y.iter) implies x.value <> y.value) µ(c 1 >any(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >select( a 1 a 2 ) >assequence() >first()) µ(c 1 >one(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >select( a 1 a 2 ) >size()=1) µ(c 1 >collect(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(c 1 >collectnested( a 1 a 2 ) >flatten()) 3 µ Collection loop features Set µ(st 1 >select(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(st 1 >iterate( a 1 ; res : Set(T ) = Set {} if a 2 then res >includeing (a 1 ) else res endif)) µ(st 1 >reject(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(st 1 >select( a 1 not a 2 )) µ(st 1 >collectnested(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(st 1 >iterate( a 1 ; res : Bag(a 2.type)= Bag{} res >including(a 2 ))) µ(st 1 >sortedby(a 1 a 2 )) = µ(st 1 >iterate( a 1 ; res : OrderedSet(T )= OrderedSet{} if res >isempty() then res.append(a 1 ) else res.insertat(res >indexof( res >select(i a 2 (i) > a 2 (a 1 ) >first())),a 1 ) endif )) [6] µ µ Iterate Bool, Integer, Real, String, Collection, Set, OrederedSet, Sequence, Bag b m, i m, r m, s m, c m, st m, os m, sq m, bg m, u m (m = 1, 2, 3,...) a m Set 3 feature iterate collectnested() OCL featurecall [exp] UML OCL JML \old OCL primaryexp primaryexp literalcollection literal, (expression), ifexp, letexp, tupleexp if ifexp OCL JML Java Java cond?exp1:exp2 literalcollection 4 let OCL literalcollection Collection

5 Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods 4 µ Primary Expression µ(a 1 ) = a 1 µ(if b 1 then a 1 else a 2 endif) = (µ(b 1 )?µ(a 1 ):µ(a 2 )) µ((a 1 )) = (µ(a 1 )) 5 µ Primary Expression µ(collection {a 1 }) = (new ArrayList({µ e (a 1 )})) µ e (a 1, a 2 ) = µ(a 1 ), µ e (a 2 ) µ e (a 1 ) = µ(a 1 ) µ e (i 1..i 2 ) = seq(µ(i 1 ), µ(i 2 )) 6 µ(enum {a 1 }) = Enumn µ enumeration seq(i,j) i j Set OrderedSet Bag Sequence Collection OCL enumeratatype enum Java 1.5 enum enum OCL enum Enum{ kind, name } Java enum Enum01 { kind, name } enum Enumn ( 6) 1.4 String Set OCL ::. JML OclType JML Class 3.3 tuple tuple Java OCL tuple tuple Java field OCL tuple Java Tuple{name(: String), id= i } public final class Tuple_01 { public static String name; public static String id = "i023454" } 3.4 iterate iterate naive iterate feature OCL L L ( ) [17] JML Java OCL

6 FOSE2009 iterate feature OCL iteration m µ iterate feature OCL m OCL Java (JML ) m m body m JML Java private Java 1.5 for-each iterate feature for-each JML m 2 µ OCL OCL iterate feature (s) navigation (t) t s > OCL t t JML Context[] iterate feature init res for-each res Context[µ(a 1 >iterate(e; init body))] init T 2 res iterate res, JML private T 2 mprivateuseforjml01() { µ(init); for (T e: µ(a 1 )){ res = µ(body)} return res; } Context[mPrivateUseForJML01()] 2 Context[µ(a 1 >iterate(e; body))] a 1 T 2 JML private T 2 mprivateuseforjml01() { µ(init); for (T e: µ(a 1 )){ µ(body)} return µ(a 1 ); } Context[mPrivateUseForJML01()] [21] Java 1.4 for Iterator

7 Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods 1 Tool implementation as Eclipse plugin 3.5 OCL OCL Collection Java CF OCL OCL Java CF JML [16] OCL Java CF JML JML sum,includes Java CF size(), isempty(), notempty(), union(), intersection(), including(), excluding() ( ), as OrderedSet loop feature OCL interate Iteration Java 3.6 ( ) OCL Octopus tool [13], EMF OCL OCL OCL (ABST; Abstract Syntax Tree) ABST NTS: OCL Type: NodeList: token:,feature, token tokentype: token OCL SML 1 + a Integer a Integer if a > 0 then a + b else a endif OCL a, b Integer Real

8 FOSE Signatures of TranslationCore public static JMLNode transexpression(oclnode n); static JMLNode translogicalexp(oclnode n); static JMLNode transrelationalexp(oclnode n); static JMLNode transpostfixexp(oclnode n); static JMLNode transprimaryexp(oclnode n); static JMLNode transfeaturecallexp(oclnode n); OCL SML [15] JML ( ) signature OCL JML OCLNode, JMLNode( ) µ UML OCL UML 7 signature UML UML Java EclipseUML UML UML OCL UML 1 Eclpse IVE [18] JML4 [18] OCL UML OCL OCL UML Java OCL Java OCL UML JML Java JML Java JML ESC/Java2

9 Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods Eclipse 4 JML Java UML JML Java JML ESC/Java2 JML OCL 3.1 5

10 FOSE2009 OCL JML(Java Modeling Language) OCL JML [ 1 ] L. Burdy, Y. Cheon, D. R. Cok, M. Ernst, J. Kiniry, G. T. Leavens, K. R. M. Leino, and E. Poll: An overview of JML tools and applications, In T. Arts and W. Fokkink, editors, Eighth International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 03), Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol.80, pp.73 89, [ 2 ] Object Management Group: OCL 2.0 Specification, [ 3 ] D. Detlefs: Simplify : A Theorem Prover for Program Checking, JACM, Vol.52 No.3, pp , [ 4 ] D. R. Cok: Specifying java iterators with JML and Esc/Java2, In Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Specification and verification of component-based systems pp.71 74, [ 5 ] R. Moiseev and A. Russo: Implementing an OCL to JML Translation Tool,, Vol.106, No.426, pp.13 17, 2006 [ 6 ] A. Hamie: Translating the Object Constraint Language into the Java Modelling Language, In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing, pp , [ 7 ] G. Leavens, A. Baker, and C. Ruby: JML: A notation for detailed design, In Behavioral Specifications of Businesses and Systems (H. Kilov, B. Rumpe, and I.Simmonds, editors), pp , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, [ 8 ] G. Leavens, A. Baker, and C. Ruby: Preliminary Design of JML: A Behavioral Interface Specification Language for Java, TR98-06, revised version [ 9 ] B. Meyer: Eiffel: the language, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, [10] M. Elaasar, and L.C. Briand: An Overview of UML Consistency Management, Technical Report SCE-04-18, Carleton University, [ 11] C. Lange, M.R.V. Chaudron, J. Muskens, L.J. Somers, and H.M. Dortmans: An Empirical Investigation in Quantifying Inconsistency and Incompleteness of UML Designs, In Proceedings of Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML-based Software Development II, pp.26 34, [ 12] Eclipse Foundation: Eclipse Modeling Framework, [ 13] K. Objecten: Octopus (OCL Tool for Precise UML Specifications), [ 14] J. Warner, and A. Kleppe: The Object Constraint Language Getting Your Models Ready for MDA, 2nd Ed. Pearson Education Inc., [ 15] B.C. Pierce: Types and Programming Languages, MIT press, [ 16] Samples of JML specifications leavens/jml/examples.shtml [ 17] M. Fowler: MF Bliki: Closure [ 18] P. Chalin, P. R. James, and G. Karabotsos: JML4: Towards an Industrial Grade IVE for Java and Next Generation Research Platform for JML, Proceedings of the International Conference on Verified Software: Theories, Tools, Experiments (VSTTE),2008 [ 19] G. Engels, R. Hücking, S. Sauer, A. Wagner: UML Collaboration Diagrams and Their Transformation to Java, UML1999 -Beyond the Standard, Second International Conference, pp , [ 20] W. Harrison, C. Barton, M. Raghavachari: Mapping UML designs to Java, Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, pp , [21],, : iterate, m-owasi/ocljmltrans.pdf