JML OCL. Java. iterate

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Katherine Ferguson
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1 1 OCL JML OCL (Object Constraint Language) JML (Java Modelling Language) UML/OCL JML Java OCL JML iterate iterate Java OCL JML The paper presents a translation method from OCL (Object Constraint Language) into JML (Java Modelling Language). Several approaches have proposed automatic generation methods of Java skeleton files from UML class diagrams. Less papers are found for automatic generation of JML from OCL. They deal with not all of the standard OCL library. Especially, some features of collections including iterate feature are not implemented. We resolve the problem by translating the iterate feature into Java methods. This paper also provides a concrete translation algorithm. The paper also provides a translation example from OCL into JML. 1 OCL UML OMG UML [3][8] Java JML (Java Modeling Language) [9] JML OCL DbC (Design by Contract) UML Java A translation method from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods. Masayuki Owashi, Kozo Okano, Shinji Kusumoto,, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University., Vol.1, No.0 (1984), pp.1 6. [ ( )] [4][6] EMF Eclipse [2] OCL JML Hamie [5] OCL JML Rodion Alessandra [14] OCL JML Avila [1] Collection iterate iterate OCL JML [13]

2 OCL OCL [11] OMG 1 OCL UML OCL UML Design by Contract[10] 2. 2 JML JML[9] Java Design by Contract[10] Java Java JML Java bool JML Java JML Java ESC/Java2 ( ) ESC/Java UML JML Engels [4] Harrison [6] UML OCL 1 Feature Rodion Alessandra Hamie Collection - Iterate (forall etc) Iterate (collect) - Iterate (iterate) - - Structures (Set etc) Structures (tuple) - OCL Spec. but partially Message :supported, -: not supported Rodion Alessandra [14] OCL JML Hamie [5] OCL JML Avila [1] [5] OCL JML Collection iterate iterate OCL JML Java ( ) students->select(score > 70) Java select(exp) OCL score > 70 exp [5] OCL JML 1 Java OCL 3 OCL JML [5] JML

3 Vol. 1 No OCL 1. OCL Basic OCL Essential 2. ( ) Bool, Integer, Real, String, Collection, Set, Bag, OrderedSet, Sequence Java(JML) 3. OCL Java JML 4. Message message 5. OclVoid Undefined Java(JML) null 3.3 OCL OCL OCL [11] OCL JML Collection OCL (feature call) iterate OCL Collection Java Collection Framework 3. 2 [5] [5] 2 µ Collection loop features µ(c1 >exists(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >iterate( a1; res : Boolean = false res or a2)) µ(c1 >forall(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >iterate( a1; res : Boolean = true res and a2)) µ(c1 >isunique(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >collect( a1 Tuple {iter=tuple{a1, value=a2 ) > forall(x, y (x.iter <> y.iter) implies x.value <> y.value) µ(c1 >any(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >select( a1 a2) >assequence() >first()) µ(c1 >one(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >select( a1 a2) >size()=1) µ(c1 >collect(a1 a2)) = µ(c1 >collectnested( a1 a2) >flatten()) OCL JML µ µ e [5] µ µ Iterate Integer, Collection i m, c m, (m = 1, 2, 3,...) a m feature iterate collectnested() iterate iterate naive iterate OCL L L ( ) JML Java OCL iterate feature OCL iteration m µ

4 4 iterate feature OCL JML m OCL Java (JML ) m m body m JML Java private iterate feature Java 1.5 for-each JML m 2 µ OCL OCL iterate feature (s) (t) t s > OCL t t JML Context[] Context[µ(a 1 >iterate(e; init body))] init T 1 res iterate res, JML private T 1 mprivateuseforjml01() { µ(init); for (T 2 e: µ(a 1 )){ res = µ(body) return res; Context[mPrivateUseForJML01()] 1 c >count( ocl ) > 0 Context[] [] > 0 µ(c >count( ocl ) > 0) µ((c >iterate( e; acc : Integer = 0 if e = ocl then acc + 1 else acc endif))> 0) private int mprivateuseforjml01() { µ(acc : Integer = 0); for (String e : c){ endif) acc = µ( if e = ocl then acc + 1 else acc return acc; private int mprivateuseforjml01() { int acc = 0; for (String e : c){ acc=(e.equals( ocl )? acc + 1: acc) ; return acc; µ mprivateuseforjml01()> 0 Java 1.4 for Iterator private T 1 mprivateuseforjml01() { µ(init); Iterator i=µ(a 1 ).getiterator(); while(i.hasnext()){ res = µ(body); i.next(); return res;

5 Vol. 1 No OCL [12] ID containerset allitemlist item OCL Context Storage inv: containerset->isunique(containerid) inv: allitemlist->collect(item) = containerset ->collect(container)->collect(item) OCL µ /*@ invariant )->forall(x,y x<>y implies x.value <> y.value)) iterate /*@ invariant µ(containerset ->iterate(containerid;res:bag(containerid) =Bag{ res->includeing(containerid)) ->forall(x,y x<>y implies x.value <> iterate JML /*@ invariant (\forall ContainerID x, iteratemethod01().has(x) && iteratemethod01().has(y);!x.equals(y) ==>!x.value.equals(y.value)); [5] isunique OCL collect forall collect JML \collect [14] collect /*@ invariant (\forall ContainerID x, y; JMLTools.collect( containerset, containerid ).has(x) && JMLTools.collect( containerset, containerid ).has(y);!x.equals(y) [14] collect containerid->tolower() API OCL Collection size(), isempty(), notempty(), union(), intersection(), including(), Set OrderedSet excluding(), as OrderedSet Java (CF) OCL OCL Java CF JML [7] OCL Java CF JML JML sum,includes

6 6 Java CF loop feature OCL iterate Iteration Java 3.1 OclVoid null True or Undefined OclVoid ( True) OclVoid [1] 4 OCL JML OCL JML [1] [1] 3.1 OCL ESC/Java2 IT (C) ( : , ) [ 1 ] Avila, C., Flores, Jr., G., and Cheon, Y.: A library-based approach to translating OCL constraints to JML Assersions for Runtime Checking, International Conference on Softw. Eng. Research and Practice, 2008, pp [ 2 ] Eclipse Foundation: Eclipse Modeling Framework. [ 3 ] Elaasar, M. and Briand, L. C.: An overview of UML consistency management, Technical report, Carleton University, [ 4 ] Engels, G., Hücking, R., Sauer, S., and Wagner, A.: UML collaboration diagrams and their transformation to Java, UML1999 -Beyond the Standard, Second International Conference, 1999, pp [ 5 ] Hamie, A.: Translating the Object Constraint Language into the Java Modelling Language, In Proc. of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing, 2004, pp [ 6 ] Harrison, W., Barton, C., and Raghavachari, M.: Mapping UML designs to Java, Proc. of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, 2000, pp [ 7 ] JML Specs: Samples of JML specifications. leavens/jml/ examples.shtml. [ 8 ] Lange, C., Chaudron, M. R. V., Muskens, J., Somers, L. J., and Dortmans, H. M.: An empirical investigation in quantifying inconsistency and incompleteness of UML designs, In Proc. of Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML-based Software Development II, 2003, pp [ 9 ] Leavens, G., Baker, A., and Ruby, C.: JML: A Notation for Detailed Design, Behavioral Specifications of Businesses and Systems, (1999), pp [10] Meyer, B.: Eiffel: the language, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, [11] Object Management Group: OCL 2.0 Specification. formal/ pdf. [12],, : JML ESC/Java2,, Vol. J91D,No. 11(2008), pp [13],, : OCL JML, XVI, (FOSE 2009),, 2009, pp [14] Rodion, M. and Alessandra, R.: Implementing an OCL to JML translation tool,, Vol. 106, No. 426, 2006, pp

Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods [10, 11]

OCL JML Design of a translation tool from OCL into JML by translating the iterate feature into Java methods Summary. The paper presents design of a translation library from OCL (Object Constraint Language)