Semantic Business Process Management

Transcription

1 Semantic Business Process Management Presenters Armin Haller (DERI Galway) Srdjan Komazec (STI Innsbruck) Tammo van Lessen (Uni Stuttgart) TUTORIAL International Conference on Electronic Commerce ICEC 2008, August 19 Innsbruck, Austria

2 Acknowledgement & Copyrights This material is based upon works supported by the EU under the SUPER project (FP ) Material Preparation KMI: John Domingue, Carlos Pedrinaci, Barry Norton Poznan University: Agata Filipowska IAAS, University of Stuttgart: Dimka Karastoyanova, Jörg Nitzsche, Tammo van Lessen, Zhilei Ma, Frank Leymann, Branimir Wetzstein IDS Scheer: Sebastian Stein DERI Innsbruck: Michael Stollberg DERI Galway: Armin Haller, Maciej Zaremba Ontotext: Marin Dimitrov by the SUPER project consortium SUPER

3 Agenda Morning Session ( ) Introduction: The Need of Semantics in BPM Business Process Management Overview BPM Technologies Semantics for BPM Ontologies & the Semantic Web Semantic Web s (SWS) & WSMO Integrating BPM and SWS the SUPER Approach Architecture, Modeling, and Execution Demo SUPER

4 Introduction Armin Haller

5 Vision, Strategy, and Models Vision What are we doing Strategy Define the right things to do Business Process Do the right things right Adapted from: John L. Barrett, Process Visualization: Getting the Vision Right Is Key, Information Systems Management, 1994, pp

6 Business Process A process is simply a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customers or market. -- Thomas Davenport Characteristics: Why? What are the assumptions? How would changing the assumptions affect the work and its value? Who? Is a shop floor worker performing the task? Do we need a technical specialist? When? Are we finishing the machine by tomorrow? Where? Is the work performed in our plant in Russia? What? Is the inventory sufficient? What machine is involved, what software is needed? 6

7 Business Processes in a Company Business Processes drive all company s activities represent the core assets of a company give decision makers control over the company s activities deliver services faster and more efficiently to the customer allow a company to react to changing market conditions How do I get the big picture about my activities? How do I communicate my business processes in a common fashion? How do I keep track of all evolutions in my businesses? How do I make sure my businesses get more efficient and more profitable? 7

8 Practicing Business Processes Practicing business processes requires methodologies and tools detailed understanding of all activities enterprise wide an optimized design, monitoring and control and optimized information gathering / requirement analysis in form of processes extracting insights from already modeled and executed processes to optimize and reengineer 8

9 Benefits of Business Process Management Accentuated market segmentation Competitive Markets Continuous changes New Technologies Shorter Product lifecycles Reduce management costs Increase quality of products through controlling Improve process throughput times Less training costs by consolidating process variants Less support required through standardized processes Increased forecast accuracy through analysis/mining capabilities 9

10 Business Process Management Armin Haller

11 The Critical Business / IT Divide Business Experts Perspective Querying the Process Space reduce costs increase product quality improve throughput times less training less support required increase forecast accuracy Models Bridging Business- IT gap reduce implementation costs implementing the real requirements faster implementation less support requests align implementation IT Implementer s Perspective How do I execute this process in the IT system? 11

12 Enterprise Modelling Different Models exist with different: Applications Modeling methods Scope Possible abstraction layers Requirements definition Design specification Implementation specification Execution and run time models 12

13 Enterprise Modelling Enterprise Models: a computational representation of the structure, activities, processes, information, resources, people, behavior, goals, and constraints of a business, government, or other enterprises. What (Data) How (Function) Where (Network) Who (People) When Why Models e.g. UML Class Diagram, ER Model e.g. Function Modeling e.g. Business Logistics System e.g. Workflow Model e.g. Master Schedule e.g. Business Plan, Strategic Maps 13

14 Enterprise Models Generic models for enterprise architectures: Zachman Framework (highly structured, spanning all aspects) CIMOSA (European counterpart) ARIS (scientifically designed model now used by IDS Scheer) TOGAF (ANSI/IEEE standard architecture specification) models with focus on process design & execution: BPMN (comprehensive graphical notation) EPC (graphical notation) UML Activity diagrams (popular standard model maintained by OMG) XPDL (interchange language) BPEL (execution language)... 14

15 Business Process Modelling Lifecycle 1. Analysis gather requirements document current state (as-is) 2. Design document to-be specify how to get there 3. Implementation/Execution implement to-be in organisation and IT change management 4. Control and Monitoring monitor execution Measure/analyse outcome Control Analysis Implementation Design 15

16 Business Process Management (BPM) Composition of service functionality to achieve a certain goal in the scope of a collaboration. Business Process Models can span multiple enterprises Private Process Public Process separate coordination (choreography) and control (orchestration) 16

17 BPM ancestors History 70 s / 80 s: Information systems with hard coded workflows Office automation systems late 80 s / 90 s: Generic workflow systems Generic, but proprietary meta model 90 s: Generic standardised workflow systems Explicit process models Interface architecture to control applications Today: Business Process Management systems Web paradigm Orchestration and Choreography control Process Aware Systems Process Management on top of existing systems (ERP, SCM, CRM ) 17

18 Workflow Evolution True Business Process Management is an amalgam of traditional workflow and the 'new' BPM technology. It then follows that as BPM is a natural extension of and not a separate technology to Workflow, BPM is in fact the merging of process technology covering 3 process categories: interactions between (i) people to people; (ii) systems to systems and (iii) systems to people all from a process centric perspective. This is what true BPM is all about. Jon Pyke, CTO Staffware. 18

19 BPM modelling layers 1 Process Meta Models 2 Process Models 3 Process Instance 1. Languages/Models defining generic concepts to describe model types (e.g. UML, BPEL). 2. Instance of a Process Meta Model. Defines a model to describe a domain (e.g. Purchase Order Process). 3. Instance of a Process Model. Runtime behaviour of a process (e.g. <PO_started_101107>). 19

20 BPM Core Terms Business Process (i.e. what is intended to happen) is defined in a is managed by a Process Definition (Model) (a representation of what is intended to happen) composed of Activities used to create & manage during execution are represented by Workflow Management Systems Process Instances include one or more Activity Instances which include Manual Activities Automated Activities Work Items (tasks allocated to a workflow participant) Invoked Applications (tools used to support activity) 20

21 Process Meta Models 1962: Petri Nets. Carl A. Petri (PhD Thesis): Communication with automata [Petri, 1962] 1969: Situation calculus. [McCarthy/Hayes, 1969] Current version of situational calculus introduced in 1991 [Reiter, 1991] is a logic formalism represents changing scenarios as a set of second order logic formulae basic elements of the calculus are: actions that can be performed in the world fluents that describe the state of the world situations (A situation represents a history of action occurrences) 21

22 Process Meta Models Process Algebras : CCS. Calculus of Communicating Systems [Milner, 1980]. 1978: CSP. Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) [Hoare, 1978]. Subsequently developed into a fully fledged process calculus during the early 1980 s now: π calculus [Milner et al., 1992]. Features that all process algebras have in common: message passing Describing processes and systems using a small collection of primitives, and operators for combining those primitives Defining algebraic laws for those process operators equational reasoning 22

23 Process Meta Models 1962 now: Finite State Machines (FSM) [Hopcroft et al., 2001] originates in finite automata. A Finite Automaton is a more formal notion than a FSM Notion of FSMs was introduced to be more usable for computer science. A FSM is defined by the following: a finite non empty set of states an initial state a finite non empty set of distinct input events or their categories state transitions actions 23

24 Process Meta Languages 24

25 Workflow (Process) Model Workflows have multiple perspectives, depending on author the number of core perspectives differ: Control Flow perspective Informational perspective Organization perspective Operational perspective Other dimensions exist No agreement on standard model multiple notations and languages 25

26 WfMC Reference Model Process Definition Tools Interface 1 Administration & Monitoring Tools Interface 5 Workflow API and Interchange formats Workflow Enactment Workflow Engine(s) Interface 4 Other Workflow Enactment (s) Workflow Engine(s) Interface 2 Interface 3 Workflow Client Applications Invoked Applications 26

27 WfMC Reference Model Build time Defining Modelling Process Definition Tools Interface 1 Administration & Monitoring Tools Interface 5 Workflow API and Interchange formats Workflow Enactment Workflow Engine(s) Interface 4 Other Workflow Enactment (s) Workflow Engine(s) Interface 2 Interface 3 Workflow Client Applications Invoked Applications 27

28 WfMC Reference Model Run time control Manage instances Sequence activities Run time interactions With humans With applications Process Definition Tools Interface 1 Administration & Monitoring Tools Interface 5 Workflow API and Interchange formats Workflow Enactment Workflow Engine(s) Interface 4 Other Workflow Enactment (s) Workflow Engine(s) Interface 2 Workflow Client Applications Invoked Applications Interface 3 28

29 WfMC Reference Model Run time monitoring Display status of running or completed workflow instances View task lists for users or roles Display system workload Process Definition Tools Interface 1 Administration & Monitoring Tools Interface 5 Workflow API and Interchange formats Workflow Enactment Workflow Engine(s) Interface 4 Other Workflow Enactment (s) Workflow Engine(s) Interface 2 Workflow Client Applications Invoked Applications Interface 3 29

30 BPM Market Space Hill, J. B., Sinur, J.: Magic Quadrant for Business Process Management Suites

31 Dimensions in Web Flows what? A2 A3 BPM only incorporates three dimensions Control Flow Informational Operational A1 A4 A5 Web services are the only operational entity (what) with? Drawback: no organisational dimension But efforts exist: BPEL4People 31

32 What is BPEL? BPM language/model Language to specify behaviour of business processes Executable and Abstract processes Executable processes Executed within a compliant environment (portability) Abstract processes Specify constraints of message exchange Provide views on internal processes Combination of graph based language (IBM WSFL) and calculus based language (Microsoft XLANG) 32

33 BPEL Web composition BPEL process composes (uses) Web services 33

34 Business Processes as Web services BPEL Process is also a Web service functionality in terms of WSDL port types and operations 34

35 BPEL Elements BPEL Process Partner Links Variables Correlation Sets Handlers Activities Partner Links specify roles of all external partners role(s) of the process itself Variables used as input and outputcontainers of activities Correlation Sets Maintains the state of a conversation (instance) Handlers define exception handling and compensation Activities define the actual control logic 35

36 BPEL partnerlinktypes I provide an implementation of this and I requires from my partner an implementation of this role 1 role 2 name Port Type In - & In-out operations only Port Type partnerlinktype is: Bi directional typed connector A mutual call back dependency Specifies one or two roles; a port type per role Specifies the messages exchanged between partners 36

37 BPEL Communication Elements: Interaction activities Receive, Reply, Invoke, Pick Complex activities for control flow Sequence, Flow, If, While, RepeatUntil, ForEach Data manipulation Assign Exception handling Throw, Rethrow, Fault Handlers, Compensation Handlers Reaction to Events Pick, Event Handlers Instantiation is implicit use <receive> or <pick> 37

38 BPEL Control Logic Sequential execution sequence Parallel execution of tasks Flow, links Branching if then else Loops while, repeat until Sequence Flow Loops Branching Condition1 Condition2 Otherwise Link Activity 38

39 Architecture of a BPEL Engine Process Engine Deployment Component Execution History Build Time Data (Process models) Instance Data (Process Instances) Navigator Event Manager Communication Manager Monitoring API Invocation and Management Framework 39

40 Process Lifecycle within the Engine Receive* Deployment BPEL Document Instantiation Process Definition Process Instance... Execution via the Navigator Invocation and Management Framework Reply BPEL Engine * Receive may cause an Instantiation of a Process 40

41 Semantics for BPM Tammo van Lessen

42 Overview Business Process Management (BPM) management, implementation, and monitoring of processes in enterprises many BPM technologies exists SOA as new principle BUT: several insufficiencies Business IT Divide (different worlds) incompatible modelling languages Business Process Modeling & Execution syntactic process specification languages hard wired Web Execution (inflexible) Aim of Semantic BPM: (1) ontologize the BPM Life Cycle (2) enhance BPEL with Semantic Web s SUPER

43 Problem Setting SUPER

44 Problem Setting SUPER

45 The Critical IT / Process Divide SUPER

46 Semantic Matching of Activities and s Semantic Web s SUPER

47 Matching Model Representations & Semantics SUPER

48 Aim of Semantic BPM SUPER

49 Semantics for Web services Srdjan Komazec

50 Semantics for the WWW Dynamic Web s UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Semantic Web s Static WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL 50

51 The Semantic Web Next generation of the Internet (augmentation of the WWW) Information has machine processable and machine understandable semantics Ontologies as base technology for semantic interoperability semantic bridges ontology ontology ontology RDF OWL Web XML DB Appl. 51

52 Ontology Definition unambiguous terminology definitions conceptual model of a domain (ontological theory) formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization machine-readability with computational semantics commonly accepted understanding 52

53 Ontology Example Concept conceptual entity of the domain Property attribute describing a concept Relation relationship between concepts or properties Axiom coherency description between Concepts / Properties / Relations via logical expressions Instance individual in the domain student ID name Student lecture no. Person isa hierarchy (taxonomy) attends Lecture holds Professor topic holds(professor, Lecture) => research field Lecture.topic = Professor.researchField Ann memberof student name = Ann Lee studentid =

54 Web s & SOA Web = program accessible over the Web Oriented Architecture (SOA): use Web services as basic building blocks dynamically find & invoke those Web services that allow to solve a particular request Web Technologies: 1. WSDL Web Description Language 2. SOAP XML data exchange protocol for the Web 3. UDDI registry for Web s 54

55 Semantic Web s Automate Web technologies by 1. Rich, formal annotation of Web s 2. Automated detection and execution of Web services Integration with the Semantic Web ontologies as data model Web s as integral part of the WWW Inference based techniques for automated discovery, composition, mediation, execution of Web s 55

56 Semantic Web s a) Web Description Structure b) Semantic Web Description Structure Interface Non-functional Functionality Web Implementation (not of interest in Web Description) Web Implementation (not of interest in Web Description) WS WS WS XML Interface Aggregation Ontology Ontology Ontology 56

57 WSMO Top level Elements Objectives that a client may have when consulting a Web ( Provide the formally specified terminology of the information used by all other components Semantic description of Web s: - Capability (functional) - Interfaces (usage) Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities 57

58 WSMO Ontologies Ontologies are the data model throughout WSMO all WSMO element descriptions rely on ontologies all data interchanged in Web usage are ontologies Semantic information processing & ontology reasoning WSMO Ontology Language WSML conceptual syntax for describing WSMO elements logical language for axiomatic expressions (WSML Layering) WSMO Ontology Design Modularization: import / re using ontologies, modular approach for ontology design De Coupling: heterogeneity handled by OO Mediators 58

59 Ontology Specification Non functional properties author, date, ID, etc. Imported Ontologies importing existing ontologies where no heterogeneities arise Used mediators OO Mediators (ontology import with terminology mismatch handling) Ontology Elements: Concepts Attributes Relations Functions Instances set of entities that exists in the world / domain set of attributes that belong to a concept define interrelations between several concepts special type of relation (unary range = return value) set of instances that belong to the represented ontology Axioms axiomatic expressions in ontology (logical statement) 59

60 WSMO Web s 60

61 The big challenges of defining a WSMO service Capabilities What is a service able to do? What are the requirements on the input and output? Preconditions, Assumptions, Postconditions and Effects need to be defined. Interfaces How can a service be accessed? How does a service solve its task? Choreography and Orchestration of services need to be defined. 61

62 The Web Modelling Language (WSML) Ontology / Rule Languages WSML Core: efficiency and compatibility WSML DL: decidability, open world semantics WSML Rule: efficient existing rule engines WSML Full: unifying language, theorem proving Languages for dynamics Transaction Logic over ASMs Mapping languages for dynamics (process mediation) for data (data mediation) Static Aspects WSML Rule RDF (S) WSML WSML Full WSML Core Dynamic Aspects WSML DL XML Unicode URI 62

63 WSMO/WSML Some Modelling Examples Concept example concept phonenumber nonfunctionalproperties dc#description hasvalue "concept of a phone number" endnonfunctionalproperties countrycode oftype _string areacode oftype _string number oftype _string Sub-concept example concept mobilephonenumber subconceptof phonenumber nonfunctionalproperties dc#description hasvalue "concept of a mobile phone number" endnonfunctionalproperties mobileprovider oftype Provider Relation example relation hasroute(oftype routedescription, oftype route) nonfunctionalproperties dc#description hasvalue "Relation that holds between a route description and a route" endnonfunctionalproperties Instance example instance myphonenumber memberof phonenumber countrycode hasvalue 43 areacode hasvalue 664 number hasvalue Axiom example axiom ValidInformationQuality definedby forall {?x} (?x memberof informationqualitytype implies?x[value hasvalue low ] or?x[value hasvalue high ]). 63

64 WSMO/WSML Some Modelling Examples (cont ) web _" nfp dc#title hasvalue "MobtelPhoneLocation" dc#publisher hasvalue "Mobtel do#informqualitytype hasvalue "high" endnfp importsontology _" capability MobtelPhoneLocationCapability sharedvariables {?P} precondition definedby?p memberof do#phonenumber. postcondition definedby?l memberof do#location and do#haslocation(?p,?l). interface MobtelPhoneLocationInterface choreography MobtelPhoneLocationChoreography statesignature in do#phonenumber withgrounding sswsdl#wsdl.interfacemessagereference(mobtelphonelocationporttype/doit/in) out do#location withgrounding sswsdl#wsdl.interfacemessagereference(mobtelphonelocationporttype/doit/out) transitionrules forall{?p} with (?P memberof do#phonenumber) do add(?l memberof do#location and do#haslocation(?p,?l)) endforall 64

65 Integrating SWS and BPM SUPER Approach Tammo van Lessen (University of Stuttgart)

66 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ticket Booking form Flight data Booking request Create flight booking Flight booking created Receipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked Client data Mrs. Miller Alternative flight offer Offer alternative flight Alternative flight offered Call center Mr. Green Flight disposition Modelling Stack Making sense of a domain\problem Communication tool What is it all about? Solution maps Mind maps Ad-hoc modelling techniques... Visualizing\specifying business process Focus: Business Problem Who does what, when, how and why? Usually multiple layers Business Scenario Maps Event-driven process chains Flowchart techniques BPMN... <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> Process execution specification Formal, clearly specified grammar Focus: Implementation Which component is called when, how, by whom with which data? BPEL... Web service encapsulation Focus: Implementation Which components can and should be exposed how as services? WS*... Implementation of components Programming languages... 66

67 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ticket Booking form Flight data Booking request Create flight booking Flight booking created Receipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked Client data Mrs. Miller Alternative flight offer Offer alternative flight Alternative flight offered Call center Mr. Green Flight disposition Modelling Stack Making sense of a domain\problem Communication tool What is it all about? Solution maps Mind maps Ad-hoc modelling techniques... Visualizing\specifying business process Focus: Business Problem Who does what, when, how and why? Usually multiple layers Business Scenario Maps Event-driven process chains Flowchart techniques BPMN... <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> Process execution specification Formal, clearly specified grammar Focus: Implementation Which component is called when, how, by whom with which data? BPEL... Web service encapsulation Focus: Implementation Which components can and should be exposed how as services? WS*... Implementation of components Programming languages... 67

68 Booki ng Re ce ipt booking form request Check Ca ll Flight data booking Mr s. M il ler center request Booking request checked Al te rnativ e Booki ng request flight of fe r Crea te Offer Flight Mrs. Walker flight alternative Flight disposition C lie nt data Mr. Gree n disposition booking flight Plane Flight Al te rnativ e ti ck et booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Telecommunications Solution Map 68

69 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ti ck et Booki ng form Flight data Booki ng request Crea te flight booking Flight booking cre at ed Re ce ipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked C lie nt data <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Mr s. M il ler Al te rnativ e flight of fe r Offer alternative flight Al te rnativ e flight offered Ca ll center Mr. Gree n Flight disposition Content on Demand 69

70 Booki ng Re ce ipt booking form request Check Ca ll Flight data booking Mr s. M il ler center request Booking request checked Al te rnativ e Booki ng request flight of fe r Crea te Offer Flight Mrs. Walker flight alternative Flight disposition C lie nt data Mr. Gree n disposition booking flight Plane Flight Al te rnativ e ti ck et booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Digital Rights Management & Content Procurement 70

71 Booki ng Re ce ipt booking form request Check Ca ll Flight data booking Mr s. M il ler center request Booking request checked Al te rnativ e Booki ng request flight of fe r Crea te Offer Flight Mrs. Walker flight alternative Flight disposition C lie nt data Mr. Gree n disposition booking flight Plane Flight Al te rnativ e ti ck et booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Digital Rights Management & Content Procurement 71

72 Booki ng Re ce ipt booking form request Check Ca ll Flight data booking Mr s. M il ler center request Booking request checked Al te rnativ e Booki ng request flight of fe r Crea te Offer Flight Mrs. Walker flight alternative Flight disposition C lie nt data Mr. Gree n disposition booking flight Plane Flight Al te rnativ e ti ck et booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Digital Rights Management & Content Procurement 72

73 Booki ng Re ce ipt booking form request Check Ca ll Flight data booking Mr s. M il ler center request Booking request checked Al te rnativ e Booki ng request flight of fe r Crea te Offer Flight Mrs. Walker flight alternative Flight disposition C lie nt data Mr. Gree n disposition booking flight Plane Flight Al te rnativ e ti ck et booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_system s_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_custom erreply_confirm ation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </ sequence> </process> Digital Rights Management & Content Procurement 73

74 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ticket Booking form Flight data Booking request Create flight booking Flight booking created Receipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked Client data Mrs. Miller Alternative flight offer Offer alternative flight Alternative flight offered Call center Mr. Green Flight disposition Modelling Stack <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> 74

75 Flight disposition Mr s. W al ke r Pl ane ticket Booki ng form Fl ight da t a Booki ng request Crea t e flight booking Flight booking cre at e d Receipt book ing request Chec k book ing request Booking request checked Client data <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> Mrs. Mill er Alt erna tiv e flight offer Offer alternative flight Alt erna tiv e flight of f er e d Ca ll center Mr. Green Flight disposition Integration in the ARIS House Materials administration Management Sales Scheduling Purchasing Inquiry is received Sales processing Quotation Inquiry Inquiry Inquiry processing Sales Inquiry processing Quotation processing Inquiry is processed Check credit rating Customer Customer quotation Quotation processing Determine delivery date Customer inquiry Customer quotation Customer order 75

76 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ticket Booking form Flight data Booking request Create flight booking Flight booking created Receipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked Client data Mrs. Miller Alternative flight offer Offer alternative flight Alternative flight offered Call center Mr. Green Flight disposition Modelling Stack <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> 76

77 Re ce ipt Booking form booking request Che c k Ca ll Flight data booking Mrs. Mi ller center request Booki ng request checked Al te rna ti ve Booking flight request offer Create Offer Flight Flight disposition Mrs. Walker flight Cl ient data alternative Mr. Green disposition booking flight Flight Al te rna ti ve Pl ane ticket booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="tr ue"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_up date_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_co nfirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> Programming Model Programming in the Large Workflow System Choreography/Flow/Process Web s/functions Application Application Server Programming in the Small 77

78 Re ce ipt Booking form booking request Che c k Ca ll Flight data booking Mrs. Mi ller center request Booki ng request checked Al te rna ti ve Booking flight request offer Create Offer Flight Flight disposition Mrs. Walker flight Cl ient data alternative Mr. Green disposition booking flight Flight Al te rna ti ve Pl ane ticket booking flight cre at ed offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="tr ue"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_up date_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_co nfirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> Deploying Applications EPR Process A? C B D Deployment Deployment Descriptors Descriptors Activity: Partner Role Port Type Operation...? E EPR Ports 78

79 BPEL Business Protocols Partner Partner 1 Links Partner 2 W 1 A X 2 3 B C Y Z 4 D 79

80 Semantic BPEL Business Protocols Goal Partner 1 Sets Partner 2 W { } { } A X { } B C Y { } { } D Z 80

81 Flight disposition Mrs. Walker Plane ticket Booking form Flight data Booking request Create flight booking Flight booking created Receipt booking request Check booking request Booking request checked Client data Mrs. Miller Alternative flight offer Offer alternative flight Alternative flight offered Call center Mr. Green Flight disposition Modelling Stack <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invoke name="invoke_check_order_consistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> 81

82 Recei pt Booking booking form request Check Call Flight data booking Mrs. Mi ller center request Booking request checked Al ternat ive Booking request flight offer Create Offer Flight Flight Mrs. Wal ker flight alternative disposition Client data Mr. Green booking disposition flight Flight Al ternat ive Pl ane booking flight ticket created offered <process name="mediation Example - Ordering BPEL Snippet - 1" suppressjoinfailure="yes" targetnamespace="..."> <sequence> <receive name="initial_receive" createinstance="true"/> <invo ke name="invo ke_check_or der _Co nsistency"/> <switch> <case condition="bpws:getvariabledata('consistency', '') = 'OK'"> <flow> <invoke name="invoke_update_provisioning_systems_subprocess"/> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_confirmation_note"/> </flow> </case> <otherwise> <invoke name="invoke_customerreply_rejection_note"/> </otherwise> </switch> <reply name="final_reply"/> </sequence> </process> WSMO Top Level Notions Objectives that a client wants to achieve by using Web s Provide the formally specified terminology of the information used by all other components Semantic description of Web s: Capability (functional) Interfaces (usage) Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities 82

83 From Syntactic to Semantic BPEL a) BPEL Process b) Semantic BPEL Process BPEL Process WS WS sbpel Process WSMO Goal Goal SEE discovery composition mediation execution WS WS WS WS Goal dynamic detection at runtime XML Ontology Mediator 83

84 Benefits Higher Flexibility for Web service usage Formal Semantics of Data Automated Handling of Potential Heterogeneities Make business process definitions better understandable for humans 84

85 SUPER Ontology Stack Tammo van Lessen

86 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 86

87 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 87

88 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 88

89 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 89

90 Business Domain Ontologies Business Functions Ontology describes functions carried out within the company (e.g. marketing, finance, HR) Business Process Resources Ontology describes tangible and abstract resources required Business Roles Ontology roles in the organisation (e.g. Designer, Process Modeller, IT Expert, CEO) Business Modelling Guidelines Ontology generic business policies and rules for domains like law, finance, etc. 90

91 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 91

92 sepc 92

93 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 93

94 sbpmn 94

95 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 95

96 BPMO 96

97 BPMO 97

98 BPMO 98

99 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 99

100 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 100

101 sbpel ontology Takes the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL 2.0) as a basis Extends BPEL to support SWS concepts Ontological concepts as data model Logical expressions in conditions Capability based invocation via WSMO Goals Mediators to perform data transformation within a process Can be serialized to BPEL4SWS (XML) to be executed in extended BPEL engines 101

102 sbpel 102

103 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 103

104 EVO 104

105 SUPER ontologies Domain ontologies Pre-existing ontologies Imports Maps to Translates to Upper-Level Process Ontology (UPO) WSMO Ontology Business Domain Ontologies Behavioural Reasoning Ontology Business Process Modelling Ontology (BPMO) sbpel Ontology Events Ontology (EVO) sepc Ontology sbpmn Ontology Process Mining Ontology (PMO) 105

106 PMO 106

107 SUPER Architecture and Scenarios

108 Architecture Static View SUPER Execution SUPER Tooling Semantic BPEL Execution Engine Semantic Execution Environment SBP Modelling Tool SBP Monitoring & Management Tool SBP Analysis Tool Semantic Bus Deployment Event Sink Protocol Binder SBP Composition SBP Discovery SBP Mediation Data Mediation Semantic Web s Execution History Business Process Library Reasoner Transformation SUPER Platform s SUPER SUPER Repositories 108

109 Deployment Process: Semantic Process Artefacts Bundle (SPAB) BPEL4SWS WSDL WSMO WSDL WSMO Mediators LILO WSMO Goals Deployment descriptor SUPER

110 Deployment Process SUPER Execution SUPER Tooling Semantic S P A B BPEL Execution Engine Semantic Execution Environment SBP Modelling Tool SBP Monitoring & Management Tool SBP Analysis Tool Deployment BPEL4SWS Semantic WSDL WSMO WSMO WSMO Bus Event Deployment Sink WSDL Mediators Goals Descriptor Protocol Binder SBP Composition SBP Discovery SBP Mediation Data Mediation Semantic Web s Execution History Business Process Library Reasoner Transformation SUPER Platform s SUPER Repositories 110

111 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 6 Return Result 4 Invoke 2 Achieve Goal 5 Return result to engine Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment 3 Discover SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

112 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

113 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 2 Achieve Goal Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

114 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 2 Achieve Goal Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment 3 Discover SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

115 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 4 Invoke 2 Achieve Goal Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment 3 Discover SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

116 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 4 Invoke 5 2 Achieve Goal Return result to engine Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment 3 Discover SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

117 Semantic Business Process Execution Data Mediation SUPER platform services Web Request to 1 6 Return Result 4 Invoke 5 2 Achieve Goal Return result to engine Semantic BPEL Execution Engine SUPER Execution Semantic Execution Environment 3 Discover SWS Execution History SUPER Repositories SUPER

118 Live Demonstration Tammo van Lessen

119 References

120 References: Business Process Management [Georgakopoulos et al., 1995] Georgakopoulos, D., Hornick, M., Sheth, A.: An overview of workflow management: From process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure. Distributed and Parallel Databases, (3):2: , [Leymann et al., 2002] Leymann, F., Roller, D., Schmidt, M. T.: Web s and Business Process Management. IBM Systems Journal, (41):2, [Jablonski/Bussler, 1996] Jablonski, S., Bussler, C.: Workflow Management: Modeling Concepts, Architecture and Implementation. Int. Thomson Computer Press, [Leymann/Roller, 2000] Leymann, F., Roller, D.: Production workflow: Concepts and Techniques. Prentice Hall, NJ, USA, [Schuster et al., 1994] Schuster, H., Jablonski, S., Kirsche, T., Bussler, C.: A client/server architecture for distributed workflow managementsystems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Information Systems, Austin, TX, USA, [Sheth et al., 1996] Sheth, A., Georgakopoulos, D., Joosten, S. M., Rusinkiewicz, M., Scacchi, W., Wileden, J., and Wolf, A. L.: Report from the NSF workshop on workflow and process automation in information systems. SIGMOD Records, (25):4, [Hollingsworth, 1995] Hollingsworth, D.: Workflow Management Coalition. The Workflow Reference Model. Available from:

121 References: Business Process Management [zur Muehlen, 2003] zur Muehlen, M.: Workflow based Process Controlling. Logos Publishers, [Bussler, 2001] Bussler, C.: The Role of B2B Protocols in Inter Enterprise Process Execution. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Technologies for E s, Springer, [Dijkman/Dumas, 2004] Dijkman, R., Dumas, M.: oriented design: A multi viewpoint approach. Int. Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 13(4): , [van der Aalst et al., 2003] van der Aalst, W. M. P, ter Hofstede, A. H. M., Weske, M.: Business Process Management: A Survey. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Process Management, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, [Hill/Sinur, 2006] Hill, J. B., Sinur, J.: Magic Quadrant for Business Process Management Suites. Available from: [Petri, 1962] Petri, C. A.: Kommunikation mit Automaten. PhD thesis, Institut für instrumentelle Mathematik, Bonn, [Reiter, 1991] Reiter, R.: The frame problem in the situation calculus: A simple solution (sometimes) and a completeness result for goal regression. In: Lifschitz, V. (editor), Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation: Papers in Honor of John McCarthy, pages Academic Press, San Diego, CA,

122 References: Business Process Management [McCarthy/Hayes, 1969] McCarthy, J., Hayes, P.: Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence. In: Meltzer, B., Michie, D. (editors), Machine Intelligence, 4: , Edinburgh University Press, [Milner, 1980] Milner, R.: A Calculus of Communicating Systems. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 92, [Hoare, 1978] Hoare, C. A.: Communicating sequential processes. Communications of the ACM, (21):8, [Milner et al., 1992] Milner, R., Parrow, J., Walker, D.: A calculus of mobile processes. Information and Computation (100):1 40, [Hopcroft et al., 2001] Hopcroft, J. E., Motwani, R., Ullman, J. D.: Introduction to automata theory, languages, and computation, 2nd edition. SIGACT News (32):1, [Booch et al., 1999] Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I.: The unified modeling language user guide. Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood City, CA, [Keller et al., 1992] Keller, G., Nüttgens, M., Scheer, A. W.: Semantische Prozeßmodellierung auf der Grundlage Ereignisgesteuerter Prozeßketten (EPK). In: Scheer, A. W. (editor): Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Wirtschaftsinformatik. Heft 89, Saarbrücken